基于多尺度分析的电站故障诊断方法研究
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摘要
为了保障电站的安全稳定运行,针对电站的故障诊断研究一直受到人们的关注。随着电站发展的日益大型化、复杂化和信息自动化,对电站的整体可靠性要求也进一步提高,故障诊断对象也不再局限于重点设备,更加关注电站一体化运行下的故障诊断。电站整体上属于一类复杂工业系统,目前故障诊断方法面对此复杂系统时,面临着整体数据量大而局部信息缺乏,建模和诊断代价过高等问题。多尺度是降低问题求解复杂度的重要思想,在复杂系统领域中得到了大量的研究。因此,利用多尺度思想对电站故障诊断进行研究,对完善电站故障诊断系统,提高电站运行的安全性和可靠性,具有重要的理论和现实意义。
为此,本文围绕电站的多尺度故障诊断方法展开研究。在电站多尺度特性分析的基础上,研究了基于过程历史数据的多尺度统计故障诊断方法,然后对引入电站结构信息和考虑特征信息检测代价的故障诊断方法进行了研究。本文的主要工作包括以下几个方面:
首先,利用多尺度思想对电站故障诊断特点进行了研究。多尺度思想就是将问题在不同尺度上分解并互相利用各尺度信息,从而降低问题的复杂程度。通过对故障诊断和多尺度研究的分析,特别将多尺度研究分为三部分:特征多尺度、测量多尺度和认知多尺度,将电站故障诊断的重点定位于研究协调这三个多尺度的故障诊断方法。从电站结构和运行过程两方面,分析了电站的特征多尺度、测量多尺度和认知多尺度特性。进一步对电站故障的诊断代价分析表明,完全使用规则式的诊断代价对于大系统来说是难以承受的。而利用电站的多尺度特性进行多尺度故障诊断将具有良好的优越性。
其次,根据电站的多尺度特性研究了基于统计方法的故障诊断方法。利用测量信号时频尺度同电站空间尺度的对应关系,在不同时频尺度上使用关联规则来分析电站运行状态关系的变化情况,从而构造了多尺度关联规则故障检测算法。为了解决细节尺度缺乏宏观信息的问题,对系统整体运行特点的多尺度获取和评估进行分析,提出了利用系统整体特性的多尺度故障诊断方法。
再次,考虑利用电站结构信息来进一步提高故障诊断精度。针对各电站监控系统中存在的测量元件差异,为了提高结构模型的适用范围,研究了含未测节点的符号有向图故障诊断方法。针对电站变工况特性,研究了在变工况条件下使用SDG模型的故障诊断方法。
最后,考虑故障特征的获取代价下,构造最优故障诊断策略来以最小的诊断代价达到诊断的目的。电站故障特征的取值一般有多个,针对多值属性故障诊断问题进行分析,并提出了最优诊断策略算法。针对电站中常见的故障特征信息不完全现象,分析了不完全检测的故障诊断策略问题。根据诊断过程的搜索特点,引入表征诊断过程信息的尺度函数,从而提出了基于尺度函数的多值属性和不完全检测的诊断策略优化方法。
In order to ensure the reliable and economical operation of the thermal powerplants, the study of fault diagnosis of them has been given a significant attention. It isfurther complicated by the size and complexity of modern process plants with com-puter control system. But the requirement of the reliability of the whole power plantshave been improved with the competition growing. The focus of fault diagnosis isalso transferred from the key part equipments to the whole operation in power plants.Power plants can be recognized as one kinds of complex systems in which multiscaleidea has been studied intensively, it is therefor meaningful to study the methods offault diagnosis using multiscale idea for modifying the fault diagnosis system andimproving the safety and reality in power plants.
So the study of this thesis has been developed around the multiscale fault diag-nosis in power plants. We analyzed the multiscale features and complexity of faultdiagnosis for power plants as a starter, next provide fault diagnosis methods of mul-tiscale statistic according to the process historic data, then consider the informationof multiscale structure and cost obtaining feature of fault detection and analysis somemethod for fault diagnosis. The contents in this thesis ware had mainly in the follow-ing aspects.
First, the multiscale theory is introduced to diagnosis method of power station.In the multscale theory, the problem is decomposed at different scale and the infor-mation is used between each scale. It can reduce the complexity of the problem. Themultiscale study is divided into three part through the analysis of fault diagnosis andmultiscale research: characteristic multiscale, measure multiscale and cognitive mul-tiscale. The point of power station diagnosis is focused on the coordination of thisthree multscale diagnosis method. The characteristic multiscale, measure multiscaleand cognitive multiscale in power station is analysis from power station structure andrun procedures. The further analysis to the complexity of power station diagnosisshow that complexity of regular classical diagnosis cause the problem can not be re-alized and the multiscale diagnosis have advantage in this aspect.
Second, the multiscale research in power station is diagnosis method based on statistical techniques. By using of the correspondence between time scale of mea-surement signal and space scale of power station, association rules is applianced toanalysis the change of running state relations in different time scale. From this, thefault detection method is introduced. In order to solve the problem that the detail scalecontain little macroscopic information. The multiscale diagnosis method of utilizingentire characteristic is given by the catching and analysis multiscale characteristic ofsystem running.
Again, the structure information of power station is used to improve fault diag-nosis precision accuracy. Due to the discrepancy of measuring elements in monitoringsystem, the directed graph diagnosis method concluding unmeasured node symbol isresearched to improve the application extent of scale model. Due to the performanceof variable working condition, the diagnosis method of using SDG model is study.
Finally, the optimization problem of fault diagnosis strategy is study in thoughtof detecting expense diversity. Most of detection property is multiple values.Multiple-valued attribute problem is analyzed and optimal diagnostic strategy algo-rithm is proposed. Due to the common phenomena of detecting information is imper-fect. We analyze the diagnostic strategy base on imperfect information. According tothe research feature in diagnosis process, the scale function represent diagnosis pro-cess information is introduced, therefore, diagnostic strategy optimization methods ofmultiple-valued attributes and imperfect information is suggested.
为此,本文围绕电站的多尺度故障诊断方法展开研究。在电站多尺度特性分析的基础上,研究了基于过程历史数据的多尺度统计故障诊断方法,然后对引入电站结构信息和考虑特征信息检测代价的故障诊断方法进行了研究。本文的主要工作包括以下几个方面:
首先,利用多尺度思想对电站故障诊断特点进行了研究。多尺度思想就是将问题在不同尺度上分解并互相利用各尺度信息,从而降低问题的复杂程度。通过对故障诊断和多尺度研究的分析,特别将多尺度研究分为三部分:特征多尺度、测量多尺度和认知多尺度,将电站故障诊断的重点定位于研究协调这三个多尺度的故障诊断方法。从电站结构和运行过程两方面,分析了电站的特征多尺度、测量多尺度和认知多尺度特性。进一步对电站故障的诊断代价分析表明,完全使用规则式的诊断代价对于大系统来说是难以承受的。而利用电站的多尺度特性进行多尺度故障诊断将具有良好的优越性。
其次,根据电站的多尺度特性研究了基于统计方法的故障诊断方法。利用测量信号时频尺度同电站空间尺度的对应关系,在不同时频尺度上使用关联规则来分析电站运行状态关系的变化情况,从而构造了多尺度关联规则故障检测算法。为了解决细节尺度缺乏宏观信息的问题,对系统整体运行特点的多尺度获取和评估进行分析,提出了利用系统整体特性的多尺度故障诊断方法。
再次,考虑利用电站结构信息来进一步提高故障诊断精度。针对各电站监控系统中存在的测量元件差异,为了提高结构模型的适用范围,研究了含未测节点的符号有向图故障诊断方法。针对电站变工况特性,研究了在变工况条件下使用SDG模型的故障诊断方法。
最后,考虑故障特征的获取代价下,构造最优故障诊断策略来以最小的诊断代价达到诊断的目的。电站故障特征的取值一般有多个,针对多值属性故障诊断问题进行分析,并提出了最优诊断策略算法。针对电站中常见的故障特征信息不完全现象,分析了不完全检测的故障诊断策略问题。根据诊断过程的搜索特点,引入表征诊断过程信息的尺度函数,从而提出了基于尺度函数的多值属性和不完全检测的诊断策略优化方法。
In order to ensure the reliable and economical operation of the thermal powerplants, the study of fault diagnosis of them has been given a significant attention. It isfurther complicated by the size and complexity of modern process plants with com-puter control system. But the requirement of the reliability of the whole power plantshave been improved with the competition growing. The focus of fault diagnosis isalso transferred from the key part equipments to the whole operation in power plants.Power plants can be recognized as one kinds of complex systems in which multiscaleidea has been studied intensively, it is therefor meaningful to study the methods offault diagnosis using multiscale idea for modifying the fault diagnosis system andimproving the safety and reality in power plants.
So the study of this thesis has been developed around the multiscale fault diag-nosis in power plants. We analyzed the multiscale features and complexity of faultdiagnosis for power plants as a starter, next provide fault diagnosis methods of mul-tiscale statistic according to the process historic data, then consider the informationof multiscale structure and cost obtaining feature of fault detection and analysis somemethod for fault diagnosis. The contents in this thesis ware had mainly in the follow-ing aspects.
First, the multiscale theory is introduced to diagnosis method of power station.In the multscale theory, the problem is decomposed at different scale and the infor-mation is used between each scale. It can reduce the complexity of the problem. Themultiscale study is divided into three part through the analysis of fault diagnosis andmultiscale research: characteristic multiscale, measure multiscale and cognitive mul-tiscale. The point of power station diagnosis is focused on the coordination of thisthree multscale diagnosis method. The characteristic multiscale, measure multiscaleand cognitive multiscale in power station is analysis from power station structure andrun procedures. The further analysis to the complexity of power station diagnosisshow that complexity of regular classical diagnosis cause the problem can not be re-alized and the multiscale diagnosis have advantage in this aspect.
Second, the multiscale research in power station is diagnosis method based on statistical techniques. By using of the correspondence between time scale of mea-surement signal and space scale of power station, association rules is applianced toanalysis the change of running state relations in different time scale. From this, thefault detection method is introduced. In order to solve the problem that the detail scalecontain little macroscopic information. The multiscale diagnosis method of utilizingentire characteristic is given by the catching and analysis multiscale characteristic ofsystem running.
Again, the structure information of power station is used to improve fault diag-nosis precision accuracy. Due to the discrepancy of measuring elements in monitoringsystem, the directed graph diagnosis method concluding unmeasured node symbol isresearched to improve the application extent of scale model. Due to the performanceof variable working condition, the diagnosis method of using SDG model is study.
Finally, the optimization problem of fault diagnosis strategy is study in thoughtof detecting expense diversity. Most of detection property is multiple values.Multiple-valued attribute problem is analyzed and optimal diagnostic strategy algo-rithm is proposed. Due to the common phenomena of detecting information is imper-fect. We analyze the diagnostic strategy base on imperfect information. According tothe research feature in diagnosis process, the scale function represent diagnosis pro-cess information is introduced, therefore, diagnostic strategy optimization methods ofmultiple-valued attributes and imperfect information is suggested.
引文
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