基于UG软件的复合分子泵转子设计及加工研究
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摘要
复合式分子泵集两种泵的优点于一体,在很宽的压力范围内(10-6～1Pa)具有较大的抽速和较高的压缩比,大大提高了泵的出口压力。复合分子泵转子加工对机床、加工工艺及数控编程等数控技术都有很高的要求。复合分子泵的转子的加工已经成为了制约国内复合分子泵发展的最直接的障碍。数控技术是机械加工现代化和军事工业发展的重要基础与关键技术。应用数控加工可大大提高生产率、稳定加工质量、缩短加工周期、增加生产柔性、实现对各种复杂精密零件的自动化加工。
本文通过查阅大量文献资料,以目前国际上先进的"CAD/CAM/CAE"一体化机械工程辅助系统——UGNX为工具,完成了复合分子泵的三维建模、编程及虚拟加工仿真。具体内容包括：首先,对目前涡轮分子泵的三种形式的叶片进行加工工艺分析,完成整体转子的三维建模。然后,对整体转子进行加工工艺分析,完成加工工艺卡片的编制,应用UG/CAD模块完成了毛坯、夹具及机床的几何体的参数化建模。在此基础上,利用UG/CAM模块进行整体叶片铣削工序的数控编程,优化了加工路线、刀具轨迹,切削方式等工艺参数,生成了五坐标加工的高精、高效的NC程序。通过刀轨检查过切和欠切。通过专业加工过程仿真软件VERICUT仿真实际的加工环境及机床、刀具的动作避免干涉优化加工程序。对加工精度进行分析,提出了具体的提高加工精度的方法。
Compound molecular pump is set the merits of the two pumps in one. This pump has a larger pumping speed and higher compression ratio over a wide pressure range (10-6～1Pa), which greatly raised the pump outlet pressure. Processing of complex molecular pump rotor has very high requirements on machine tools, processing technology and CNC programming of CNC technology. Processing of complex molecular pump rotor become the direct restrictions on the domestic development of compound molecular pump. NC technology is the important foundation and key technique of the mechanical machining modernization and military industry development. NC machining can raise production rate, keep machining quality steady, reduce machining cycle, improve production flexibility, carry out the automatic manufacture of all kinds of complicated and exact parts.
In this paper,the history, the contents and status quo of research, a complex three-dimensional molecular pump modeling, programming and virtual machining simulation is completed by UG NX, which, at present, is an Advanced mechanical engineering system consisted of CAD, CAM and CAE together in the world. The specific content including:First of all, analysis the three forms of leaf processing of the current turbo-molecular pump accomplished the three-dimensional modeling of the overall rotor. Then, analysis Processing technology of the overall rotor, work out the card process card, Apply the UG/CAD module to complete the rough, fixtures and machine tool geometry of the parametric modeling. On this basis, program CNC milling process for overall leaves in use of UG/CAM module, optimize the processing route, tool path, cutting process parameters, etc, generate a high-precision processing and efficient five-coordinate NC program. Checked Cut-off and less cut through the tool path and. Through the professional process simulation software VERICUT simulates the processing environment and machine tools, cutting tools to avoid interference with the movement to optimize processes. Analysis the accuracy of processing, then work out a specific ways to improve the machining accuracy.
本文通过查阅大量文献资料,以目前国际上先进的"CAD/CAM/CAE"一体化机械工程辅助系统——UGNX为工具,完成了复合分子泵的三维建模、编程及虚拟加工仿真。具体内容包括：首先,对目前涡轮分子泵的三种形式的叶片进行加工工艺分析,完成整体转子的三维建模。然后,对整体转子进行加工工艺分析,完成加工工艺卡片的编制,应用UG/CAD模块完成了毛坯、夹具及机床的几何体的参数化建模。在此基础上,利用UG/CAM模块进行整体叶片铣削工序的数控编程,优化了加工路线、刀具轨迹,切削方式等工艺参数,生成了五坐标加工的高精、高效的NC程序。通过刀轨检查过切和欠切。通过专业加工过程仿真软件VERICUT仿真实际的加工环境及机床、刀具的动作避免干涉优化加工程序。对加工精度进行分析,提出了具体的提高加工精度的方法。
Compound molecular pump is set the merits of the two pumps in one. This pump has a larger pumping speed and higher compression ratio over a wide pressure range (10-6～1Pa), which greatly raised the pump outlet pressure. Processing of complex molecular pump rotor has very high requirements on machine tools, processing technology and CNC programming of CNC technology. Processing of complex molecular pump rotor become the direct restrictions on the domestic development of compound molecular pump. NC technology is the important foundation and key technique of the mechanical machining modernization and military industry development. NC machining can raise production rate, keep machining quality steady, reduce machining cycle, improve production flexibility, carry out the automatic manufacture of all kinds of complicated and exact parts.
In this paper,the history, the contents and status quo of research, a complex three-dimensional molecular pump modeling, programming and virtual machining simulation is completed by UG NX, which, at present, is an Advanced mechanical engineering system consisted of CAD, CAM and CAE together in the world. The specific content including:First of all, analysis the three forms of leaf processing of the current turbo-molecular pump accomplished the three-dimensional modeling of the overall rotor. Then, analysis Processing technology of the overall rotor, work out the card process card, Apply the UG/CAD module to complete the rough, fixtures and machine tool geometry of the parametric modeling. On this basis, program CNC milling process for overall leaves in use of UG/CAM module, optimize the processing route, tool path, cutting process parameters, etc, generate a high-precision processing and efficient five-coordinate NC program. Checked Cut-off and less cut through the tool path and. Through the professional process simulation software VERICUT simulates the processing environment and machine tools, cutting tools to avoid interference with the movement to optimize processes. Analysis the accuracy of processing, then work out a specific ways to improve the machining accuracy.
引文
[1]周济,周艳红.数控加工技术[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2002控加工技.
[2]陈波,基于UG与VERICUT的虚拟机床技术研究[D].大连理工大学,2005.
[3]马小嘉.五坐标数控加工整体叶片的CAD/CAM系统[D].大连理工大学,2005。
[4]孙春华,陈皓晖,刘华明.复杂曲面整体叶轮CAD/CAM技术研究[J],高技术通讯,2003,(6)：51-53
[5]王立芳.异型活塞数控加工技术的仿真研究[D].山东大学,2008.
[6]郑金兴,程慧群.基于UG/CAM和VERICUT的复杂零件数控仿真[J],模具制造,2006(11)：9-14
[7]吴晓.七轴五联动数控加工仿真系统研究[D].武汉华中科技大学,2005.
[8]郭成操.图像仿真系统的研究与开发[D].四川大学,2003.
[9]刘晓辉.面向虚拟制造的数控加工仿真系统关键技术研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2004。
[10]聂伍兵.面向车间设备层的数控仿真及优化技术研究[D].重庆大学,2007.
[11]张值仓.基于VERICUT的多边形连续加工仿真系统的研究与开发[D].天津理工大学,2008.
[12]张武刚.基于加工环境模型的数控加工仿真研究[D].西安科技大学,2006.
[13]杨乃恒.真空获得设备[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,1987,4.
[14]屠基元.现代涡轮分子泵的理论研究[D],沈阳：东北大学,1996
[15]屠基元,杨乃恒.现代涡轮分子泵理论的研究[J],真空科学与技术,1986,10
[16]屠基元,杨乃恒.关于分子泵抽气性能的设计[J],真空科学与技术,1987,5
[17]王晓东,巴德纯,杨乃恒等.新型复合分子泵结构设计理论的研究[J],真空,1993(3)：26-31
[18]吕小波UG NX6数控编程经典学习手册[M],北京：兵器工业出版社,2009.
[19]丁炜,郧建国Unigraphics Solutions Inc. UG设计应用培训教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002,1
[20]苗春杰Unigraphics Solutions Inc. UG高级铣加工应用培训教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002,6
[21]赵波,龚勉,浦维达Unigraphics Solutions Inc. UG CAD实用教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002,7
[22]李维,何方Unigraphics Solutions Inc. UG实践应用初步培训教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002,7
[23]王庆林,李莉敏,韦纪祥Unigraphics Solutions Inc. UG铣制造过程实用指导[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002,7
[24]青春,基于UG的数控编程及加工过程仿真[D].内蒙古工业大学,2007.
[25]王先逵.机械制造工艺学[M].机械工艺出版社,2007
[26]Yang.Min-yang,Hong,Won-Pyo.A PC-NC milling machine with new simultaneous 3-axis control algorithm[J],ernational Joural of Machine Tools and Manufacture,2001(41):555-566
[27]Yang.Min-yanga,Kwon Oh-dal.A tool condition recognition system using image processing[J],Control Engineering Practice,1998(6):1389-1395.
[28]Choi Jong-Geuna Yang Min-Yang.In-process prediction of cutting depths in end milling[J],International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,1999(39):705-721
[29]Yang Min-Yang,Lee Taik-Min.Hybrid adaptive control based on the characteristics of CNC end milling[J],International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,2002(42):489-499
[30]Roy Utpal,Xu Yaoxian.3-D object decomposition with extended octree model and its application in geometric simulation of NCmachine[J],Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,1998(14):317-327
[31]Liu Chonglin,Esterling Donald Mb,Fontdecaba Josepb,Mosel Eric.Dimensional verification of NC machining profiles using extended quad trees[J].Computer-Aided Design,1996,28(11):845-852.
[32]晏初宏等.数控机床[M],湖南：中南大学出版社,2006
[33]苏红卫Unigraphics Solutions Inc. UG铣制造过程培训教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002.
[34]肖世宏,UG NX5中文版数控加工[M],北京：人民邮电出版社,2008
[35]胡创国,薄壁件精密切削变形控制与误差补偿技术研究[D].西安西北工业大学,2007.
[36]李萍,许显存,江书娴.主轴系统对高速加工精度的影响因素分析[J].现代零部件,2005.
[37]王凤娟.提高机械加工精度的主要途径[J].石家庄职业技术学院学报,2003.15(4)
[38]朱正欣.机械制造技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1999.
[39]黄鹤汀,吴善元.机械制造技术[M].北京：机械工业出版,2000
[40]刘峙,基于Pro/e与VERICUT虚拟数控加工技术的研究[D].浙江工业大学,2008.
[41]姚立兵,基于特征的整体叶盘CAD造型系统研究[D].西北工艺大学,2006.
[42]李云龙,曹岩.数控机床仿真系统VERICUT[M]西安：西安交通大学出版社2005.9
[43]CGTech 公司. VERICUT User Manual.2001.
[44]Wyatt J E,Berry J T. A new technique for the determination of superficial residual stresser associated with machining and other manufacturing processes[M]. J. Mater. Process, technol,2006,171(1): 132-140.
[45]Minis I,Yanushevsky R. A new theoretical approach for the prediction of machine tool chatter in milling[J]. ASME J. Eng. Ind.,1993,115(1):1-8
[46]Tarng Y S,Young H T, Lee B Y. Analytical model of chatter vibration in metal cutting[J]. Int.J.Mach. Tools Manuf.,1994,34(2):183-197
[47]Minis I, Yanushevsky R, Tembo A. Analysis of linear and nonlinear chatter in milling[J]. CIRP Ann.,1990,39(1):459-462
[2]陈波,基于UG与VERICUT的虚拟机床技术研究[D].大连理工大学,2005.
[3]马小嘉.五坐标数控加工整体叶片的CAD/CAM系统[D].大连理工大学,2005。
[4]孙春华,陈皓晖,刘华明.复杂曲面整体叶轮CAD/CAM技术研究[J],高技术通讯,2003,(6)：51-53
[5]王立芳.异型活塞数控加工技术的仿真研究[D].山东大学,2008.
[6]郑金兴,程慧群.基于UG/CAM和VERICUT的复杂零件数控仿真[J],模具制造,2006(11)：9-14
[7]吴晓.七轴五联动数控加工仿真系统研究[D].武汉华中科技大学,2005.
[8]郭成操.图像仿真系统的研究与开发[D].四川大学,2003.
[9]刘晓辉.面向虚拟制造的数控加工仿真系统关键技术研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2004。
[10]聂伍兵.面向车间设备层的数控仿真及优化技术研究[D].重庆大学,2007.
[11]张值仓.基于VERICUT的多边形连续加工仿真系统的研究与开发[D].天津理工大学,2008.
[12]张武刚.基于加工环境模型的数控加工仿真研究[D].西安科技大学,2006.
[13]杨乃恒.真空获得设备[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,1987,4.
[14]屠基元.现代涡轮分子泵的理论研究[D],沈阳：东北大学,1996
[15]屠基元,杨乃恒.现代涡轮分子泵理论的研究[J],真空科学与技术,1986,10
[16]屠基元,杨乃恒.关于分子泵抽气性能的设计[J],真空科学与技术,1987,5
[17]王晓东,巴德纯,杨乃恒等.新型复合分子泵结构设计理论的研究[J],真空,1993(3)：26-31
[18]吕小波UG NX6数控编程经典学习手册[M],北京：兵器工业出版社,2009.
[19]丁炜,郧建国Unigraphics Solutions Inc. UG设计应用培训教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002,1
[20]苗春杰Unigraphics Solutions Inc. UG高级铣加工应用培训教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002,6
[21]赵波,龚勉,浦维达Unigraphics Solutions Inc. UG CAD实用教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002,7
[22]李维,何方Unigraphics Solutions Inc. UG实践应用初步培训教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002,7
[23]王庆林,李莉敏,韦纪祥Unigraphics Solutions Inc. UG铣制造过程实用指导[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002,7
[24]青春,基于UG的数控编程及加工过程仿真[D].内蒙古工业大学,2007.
[25]王先逵.机械制造工艺学[M].机械工艺出版社,2007
[26]Yang.Min-yang,Hong,Won-Pyo.A PC-NC milling machine with new simultaneous 3-axis control algorithm[J],ernational Joural of Machine Tools and Manufacture,2001(41):555-566
[27]Yang.Min-yanga,Kwon Oh-dal.A tool condition recognition system using image processing[J],Control Engineering Practice,1998(6):1389-1395.
[28]Choi Jong-Geuna Yang Min-Yang.In-process prediction of cutting depths in end milling[J],International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,1999(39):705-721
[29]Yang Min-Yang,Lee Taik-Min.Hybrid adaptive control based on the characteristics of CNC end milling[J],International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,2002(42):489-499
[30]Roy Utpal,Xu Yaoxian.3-D object decomposition with extended octree model and its application in geometric simulation of NCmachine[J],Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,1998(14):317-327
[31]Liu Chonglin,Esterling Donald Mb,Fontdecaba Josepb,Mosel Eric.Dimensional verification of NC machining profiles using extended quad trees[J].Computer-Aided Design,1996,28(11):845-852.
[32]晏初宏等.数控机床[M],湖南：中南大学出版社,2006
[33]苏红卫Unigraphics Solutions Inc. UG铣制造过程培训教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002.
[34]肖世宏,UG NX5中文版数控加工[M],北京：人民邮电出版社,2008
[35]胡创国,薄壁件精密切削变形控制与误差补偿技术研究[D].西安西北工业大学,2007.
[36]李萍,许显存,江书娴.主轴系统对高速加工精度的影响因素分析[J].现代零部件,2005.
[37]王凤娟.提高机械加工精度的主要途径[J].石家庄职业技术学院学报,2003.15(4)
[38]朱正欣.机械制造技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1999.
[39]黄鹤汀,吴善元.机械制造技术[M].北京：机械工业出版,2000
[40]刘峙,基于Pro/e与VERICUT虚拟数控加工技术的研究[D].浙江工业大学,2008.
[41]姚立兵,基于特征的整体叶盘CAD造型系统研究[D].西北工艺大学,2006.
[42]李云龙,曹岩.数控机床仿真系统VERICUT[M]西安：西安交通大学出版社2005.9
[43]CGTech 公司. VERICUT User Manual.2001.
[44]Wyatt J E,Berry J T. A new technique for the determination of superficial residual stresser associated with machining and other manufacturing processes[M]. J. Mater. Process, technol,2006,171(1): 132-140.
[45]Minis I,Yanushevsky R. A new theoretical approach for the prediction of machine tool chatter in milling[J]. ASME J. Eng. Ind.,1993,115(1):1-8
[46]Tarng Y S,Young H T, Lee B Y. Analytical model of chatter vibration in metal cutting[J]. Int.J.Mach. Tools Manuf.,1994,34(2):183-197
[47]Minis I, Yanushevsky R, Tembo A. Analysis of linear and nonlinear chatter in milling[J]. CIRP Ann.,1990,39(1):459-462