一种新概念（BUMP）燃烧室内准均质燃油混合气快速形成机理的研究
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摘要
为了实现发动机的清洁、高效燃烧，国内外科研工作者都将HCCI燃烧作为柴油机研究的重点。天津大学内燃机燃烧学国家重点实验室苏万华教授提出的基于多脉冲喷射技术和BUMP燃烧室的复合燃烧技术是一种能够实现均质燃油混合气快速燃烧的新HCCI燃烧方式。它通过电控高压共轨喷油器控制燃油多次喷射，从而控制燃油预混合气的形成和着火时刻。在主喷射时刻，利用燃烧室壁面的BUMP迅速剥离壁面射流，在空间形成二次射流，二次射流进入燃烧室空间后，再一次与空气混合，形成相对均匀的稀混合气。此方法突破了传统柴油机喷油规律为一级、预喷或两级的局限，采用了多级脉冲喷射，也突破了避免在传统燃烧室内燃油撞壁的思维方式，而是巧妙的应用燃烧室壁面的BUMP实现燃油与空气的快速均匀混合。本文利用先进的激光诊断技术（激光诱导荧光法）和数值模拟技术着重研究了BUMP燃烧室内燃油均质混合气形成的机理。
在燃烧定容装置中深入研究限流沿尺寸、二次撞壁距离、喷油压力对二次射流的发展规律和燃油在燃烧室内分布的影响。发现增大限流沿的高度会增大二次射流角，而二次射流锥角没有明显的变化；增大二次撞壁距离会减小二次射流角，而二次射流锥角变化不大；喷油压力变化只是改变燃油撞壁的时刻和喷雾贯穿，对二次射流角和二次射流锥角影响不大。得出结论：通过调整BUMP高度和二次撞壁距离等对二次射流等影响较大的参数可以控制燃油在空间的分布，实现可控燃油混合气的形成。
对传统燃烧室和BUMP燃烧室内燃油空气混合过程进行了对比研究，发现燃油撞壁以后在传统燃烧室壁面形成壁面射流，这一层燃油浓度很高，很难与空气混合，而在BUMP燃烧室内，壁面射流遇到BUMP后，会在空间形成二次射流，二次射流进一步能快速与空气充分混合。进一步对高温高压下传统燃烧室和BUMP燃烧室内燃油空气混合好坏进行了对比研究，提出了衡量燃油与空气混合好坏的三个指标，发现BUMP燃烧室内燃油能在更大的体积内与空气混合，BUMP燃烧室内燃油比传统燃烧室内燃油分布相对更均匀，BUMP燃烧室内燃油浓度耗散率为传统燃烧室内燃油耗散率2.8倍，能更快与空气混合。
A new HCCI combustion system for diesel engine based on the technologies of multi-pulse fuel injection and the BUMP combustion chamber was developed by professor Su Wan-hua in NECL of Tianjin University. The premixed homogenous combustion is realized by the technology of multi-pulse fuel injection. The start of pulse injection, injection-pulse numbers, injection period of each pulse and the dwell time between injection pulses are controlled by a FIRCRI injector system. The last or main injection pulse is set around TDC. When the diesel spray impinging on the combustion wall, the BUMP around the combustion chamber wall can strip off the wall jet and form a secondary spray in combustion chamber, so the fuel and air can mix well and homogenous.
Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) was used to study the spray/wall impinging in constant volume vessel. The experimental result show that when fuel spray impinging on the plane wall, wall jet was formed while fuel impinging on a plane wall with a BUMP, when the wall jet meet the BUMP, a secondary jet can be formed. Some parameters affecting the secondary spray were studied, including BUMP height, the secondary impinging distance, impinging distance and injector parameters. The experimental result show that when BUMP height is increased, the secondary angle is increased, when the secondary impinging distance is increased, the secondary angle is decreased, so the BUMP height and impinging distance and secondary impinging distance should be optimized to control the secondary spray and control the fuel-air mixing.
Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) and multi-dimensional CFD software was used to study the fuel- air mixing process in traditional combustion chamber and BUMP combustion chamber, the experimental and simulated result agree well in room condition. The fuel-air mixing process in high pressure and temperature in traditional and BUMP combustion chamber were compared. The result show that fuel and air can mix more quickly in BUMP combustion chamber than in traditional combustion chamber, fuel-air mixture in BUMP combustion chamber is more homogenous than in traditional chamber.
在燃烧定容装置中深入研究限流沿尺寸、二次撞壁距离、喷油压力对二次射流的发展规律和燃油在燃烧室内分布的影响。发现增大限流沿的高度会增大二次射流角，而二次射流锥角没有明显的变化；增大二次撞壁距离会减小二次射流角，而二次射流锥角变化不大；喷油压力变化只是改变燃油撞壁的时刻和喷雾贯穿，对二次射流角和二次射流锥角影响不大。得出结论：通过调整BUMP高度和二次撞壁距离等对二次射流等影响较大的参数可以控制燃油在空间的分布，实现可控燃油混合气的形成。
对传统燃烧室和BUMP燃烧室内燃油空气混合过程进行了对比研究，发现燃油撞壁以后在传统燃烧室壁面形成壁面射流，这一层燃油浓度很高，很难与空气混合，而在BUMP燃烧室内，壁面射流遇到BUMP后，会在空间形成二次射流，二次射流进一步能快速与空气充分混合。进一步对高温高压下传统燃烧室和BUMP燃烧室内燃油空气混合好坏进行了对比研究，提出了衡量燃油与空气混合好坏的三个指标，发现BUMP燃烧室内燃油能在更大的体积内与空气混合，BUMP燃烧室内燃油比传统燃烧室内燃油分布相对更均匀，BUMP燃烧室内燃油浓度耗散率为传统燃烧室内燃油耗散率2.8倍，能更快与空气混合。
A new HCCI combustion system for diesel engine based on the technologies of multi-pulse fuel injection and the BUMP combustion chamber was developed by professor Su Wan-hua in NECL of Tianjin University. The premixed homogenous combustion is realized by the technology of multi-pulse fuel injection. The start of pulse injection, injection-pulse numbers, injection period of each pulse and the dwell time between injection pulses are controlled by a FIRCRI injector system. The last or main injection pulse is set around TDC. When the diesel spray impinging on the combustion wall, the BUMP around the combustion chamber wall can strip off the wall jet and form a secondary spray in combustion chamber, so the fuel and air can mix well and homogenous.
Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) was used to study the spray/wall impinging in constant volume vessel. The experimental result show that when fuel spray impinging on the plane wall, wall jet was formed while fuel impinging on a plane wall with a BUMP, when the wall jet meet the BUMP, a secondary jet can be formed. Some parameters affecting the secondary spray were studied, including BUMP height, the secondary impinging distance, impinging distance and injector parameters. The experimental result show that when BUMP height is increased, the secondary angle is increased, when the secondary impinging distance is increased, the secondary angle is decreased, so the BUMP height and impinging distance and secondary impinging distance should be optimized to control the secondary spray and control the fuel-air mixing.
Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) and multi-dimensional CFD software was used to study the fuel- air mixing process in traditional combustion chamber and BUMP combustion chamber, the experimental and simulated result agree well in room condition. The fuel-air mixing process in high pressure and temperature in traditional and BUMP combustion chamber were compared. The result show that fuel and air can mix more quickly in BUMP combustion chamber than in traditional combustion chamber, fuel-air mixture in BUMP combustion chamber is more homogenous than in traditional chamber.
引文
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