全气缸取样装置中燃烧分析系统及多脉冲喷油模式的开发
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摘要
目前,国内外越来越关注柴油机的微粒污染问题,对现代柴油机排气微粒的重新认识和研究势在必行。缸内取样技术是研究柴油机颗粒物生成机理和演化过程的重要手段之一,作者利用前期开发的现代柴油机全气缸取样系统,进行了全气缸取样过程瞬态热力参数的采集和分析,并建立了基于高压共轨的多脉冲喷射系统,具体主要工作如下:
1)开发了基于LabVIEW的内燃机燃烧分析系统。该分析系统具有良好的人机界面,可以实时监控缸内压力变化情况,计算压力升高率、放热率和缸内平均温度。
2)开发了以中断系统为核心,基于微机硬件和软件资源的多脉冲电控燃油喷射系统。该电控单元充分利用可编程定时/计数器8253和可编程逻辑器件GAL的功能,实现了喷油器的理想驱动。该系统能够完成高达五次喷射的喷油器喷油波形的合成,脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔、脉冲次数、脉冲定时均可灵活控制。
3)在全气缸取样装置上对开发的多脉冲喷射系统和燃烧分析系统进行了试验验证。试验结果表明,开发的多脉冲喷射系统最大喷射压力为110MPa,预喷定时可灵活设定,预喷持续期可保持在0-160us之间,可实现模拟现代高压共轨柴油机多次喷射功能;燃烧分析系统能以0.5oCA的采样分辨率采集缸内压力,并实时对采集数据进行处理,计算表征出内燃机燃烧过程的特征参数和取样时刻,满足有关研究工作的要求。
At present,the pollution of particulate emissions from diesel engine is attracting more and more attentions in the world, therefore it is necessary to shed light on the formation mechanism of the modern diesel particulates. The author developed a combustion analyzer and multi-pulse injection system used in the total cylinder dumpling system, which is one of important technique to study the formation mechanism and evolution process of diesel particulates, and the main contents of the dissertation are as follows:
1) Aimed at total cylinder dumpling system, a combustion analyzer system was developed based on LabVIEW. Besides friendly human-machine interface, the system could observe the cylinder pressure and compute the rate of pressure rise, rate of heat release and mean cylinder temperature on line.
2) A multi-pulse injection system was carried out on a common rail system. By means of the PC resources of hardware and software, interruption technology was used as the kernel of the electronic control unit (ECU).The timing card 8253 and Generic Array Logic (GAL) were programmed under DOS to realize the ideal drive of the injector. The system could reach to 5 pulses and the pulse width, dwell time, number of multi-pulse injection and pulse timing could be adjusted individually and flexibly in real time
3) Multi-pulse injection system and combustion analyzer were verified in the total cylinder dumpling apparatus. The results show that the injection pressure of the multi-pulse injection system could attain to 110MPa, the pilot injection timing could be adjusted flexibly and the pilot injection duration could keep in 0-160us, which made it feasible to simulate the multiple injections in common rail diesel. On the other hand, the combustion analyzer had the capabilities to actualize the capture of cylinder pressure per 0.5oCA, process the obtained data in real time, show the in-cylinder combustion parameters and determine the sampling crank angle, which meet the requirements of relevant study.
1)开发了基于LabVIEW的内燃机燃烧分析系统。该分析系统具有良好的人机界面,可以实时监控缸内压力变化情况,计算压力升高率、放热率和缸内平均温度。
2)开发了以中断系统为核心,基于微机硬件和软件资源的多脉冲电控燃油喷射系统。该电控单元充分利用可编程定时/计数器8253和可编程逻辑器件GAL的功能,实现了喷油器的理想驱动。该系统能够完成高达五次喷射的喷油器喷油波形的合成,脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔、脉冲次数、脉冲定时均可灵活控制。
3)在全气缸取样装置上对开发的多脉冲喷射系统和燃烧分析系统进行了试验验证。试验结果表明,开发的多脉冲喷射系统最大喷射压力为110MPa,预喷定时可灵活设定,预喷持续期可保持在0-160us之间,可实现模拟现代高压共轨柴油机多次喷射功能;燃烧分析系统能以0.5oCA的采样分辨率采集缸内压力,并实时对采集数据进行处理,计算表征出内燃机燃烧过程的特征参数和取样时刻,满足有关研究工作的要求。
At present,the pollution of particulate emissions from diesel engine is attracting more and more attentions in the world, therefore it is necessary to shed light on the formation mechanism of the modern diesel particulates. The author developed a combustion analyzer and multi-pulse injection system used in the total cylinder dumpling system, which is one of important technique to study the formation mechanism and evolution process of diesel particulates, and the main contents of the dissertation are as follows:
1) Aimed at total cylinder dumpling system, a combustion analyzer system was developed based on LabVIEW. Besides friendly human-machine interface, the system could observe the cylinder pressure and compute the rate of pressure rise, rate of heat release and mean cylinder temperature on line.
2) A multi-pulse injection system was carried out on a common rail system. By means of the PC resources of hardware and software, interruption technology was used as the kernel of the electronic control unit (ECU).The timing card 8253 and Generic Array Logic (GAL) were programmed under DOS to realize the ideal drive of the injector. The system could reach to 5 pulses and the pulse width, dwell time, number of multi-pulse injection and pulse timing could be adjusted individually and flexibly in real time
3) Multi-pulse injection system and combustion analyzer were verified in the total cylinder dumpling apparatus. The results show that the injection pressure of the multi-pulse injection system could attain to 110MPa, the pilot injection timing could be adjusted flexibly and the pilot injection duration could keep in 0-160us, which made it feasible to simulate the multiple injections in common rail diesel. On the other hand, the combustion analyzer had the capabilities to actualize the capture of cylinder pressure per 0.5oCA, process the obtained data in real time, show the in-cylinder combustion parameters and determine the sampling crank angle, which meet the requirements of relevant study.
引文
[1]刘巽俊,内燃机排放与控制,北京:机械工业出版社,2002.11,48~54,257~260
[2] Park K., Kittelson D.B., Zachariah M.R., & McMurry, P.H., Measurement of Inherent Material Density of Nanoparticle Agglomerates. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2004, 6, 26
[3] Wei F., Teng E., Wu G. et al, Ambient Concentrations and Elemental Compositions of PM10 and PM2.5 in Four Chinese Cities, Environmental Science and Technology, 1999,33: 4188~4193
[4]魏复盛,R.S.Chapman等编著,空气污染对呼吸健康影响的研究,北京:中国环境科学出版社,2001, 13~14
[5] Bond T.C., Streets D.G., Yarber K.F. et al, A Technology-based Global Inventory of Black and Organic Carbon Emissions from Combustion, Journal of Geophysical Research, 2004, 109: D14203
[6] Panyacosit L. A Review of Particulate Matter and Health: Focus on Developing Countries,Laxengurg, Austria: IIASA, 2000
[7] David B. Kittelson,Engines and nanoparticles: a review,Journal of Aerosol Science,June 1998, Pages 575-588
[8] J.M. Desantes, Effects of current engine strategies on the exhaust aerosol particle size distribution from a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine, Journal of Aerosol Science, October 2005, Pages 1251-1276
[9] D.S. Su, R. E. Jentoft, J. -O. Müller, D. Microstructure and oxidation behaviour of Euro IV diesel engine soot: a comparative study with synthetic model soot substances, June 2004, Pages 127-132
[10] I. A. Voiculescu and G. L. Borman, an Experimental Study of Diesel Engine Cylinder-Averaged NOx Histories, SAE Paper 780228, 1978
[11] Tung Tat Chan and Gary L. Borman, An Experimental Study of Swirl and EGR Effects on Diesel Combustion by Use of the Dumping Method, SAE Paper 820359, 1982
[12] G.H.Hedding, D.B.Kittelson, H.Scherrer, et al., Total Cylinder Sampling from a Diesel Engine, SAE Paper 810257, 1981
[13] X.liu and D.B.Kittelson,Total Cylinder Sampling from a Diesel Engine(PartⅡ) , SAE Paper 820360, 1982
[14] Cao Jian Du and David B. Kittelson, Total Cylinder Sampling from a Diesel Engine: Part III-Particle Measurements, SAE Paper 830243, 1983
[15] D.B.Kittelson, et al., Particle Concentrations in a Diesel Cylinder: Comparison of Theory and Experiment, SAE Paper 861569, 1986
[16] Michael J. Pipho, Jeffrey L. Ambs and David B.Kittelson, In-Cylinder Measurements of Particulate Formation in an Indirect Injection Diesel Engine, SAE Paper 860024, 1986
[17] David B. Kittelson, Michael J. Pipho, Jeffrey L. Ambs, et al., In-cylinder Measurements of Soot Production in a Direct-Injection Diesel Engine, SAE Paper 880344, 1988
[18] Michael J. Pipho, Jeffrey L. Ambs and David B.Kittelson, In-Cylinder Measurements of Particulate Formation in an Indirect Injection Diesel Engine, SAE Paper 860024, 1986
[19] Du Cao Jian, Kittelson David B, Zweidinger Roy B., Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in the Cylinder of an Operating Diesel Engine, SAE Paper 840364,1984
[20] D.B.Kittelson, M.J.Pipho, J.L.Ambs et al., Particle Concentrations in a Diesel Cylinder: Comparison of Theory and Experiment, SAE Paper 861569, 1986
[21] David B. Kittelson, Michael J. Pipho, Jeffrey L. Ambs et al., In-cylinder Measurements of Soot Production in a Direct-Injection Diesel Engine, SAE Paper 880344, 1988
[22] Luo lang, Pipho Michael J, Particle Growth and Oxidation in a Direct Injection Diesel Engine, SAE Paper 890580, 1989
[23] Pipho Michael J,Kittelson David B,et al. NO2 Formation in a Diesel Engine.SAE paper 910231, 1991
[24] pipho Michael J, Kittelson David B, Lang Luo, et al. Injection Timing and Bowl Configuration Effect on In-Cylinder Particle Mass. SAE Paper 921469,1992
[25]刘仪,藏仲冬,白翎等,直喷式柴油机缸内气体全量取样技术开发及其在缸内微粒形成过程研究中的应用,内燃机学报,1995, 13(1): 71~76
[26]刘仪,柴油机全气缸取样系统开发及缸内微粒形成过程研究,[博士论文],长春,吉林工业大学,1989
[27] Hiroyuki Hiroyasu, Keiya Nishide et a1, Total In-cylinder Sampling Experiment on Emission Formation Process in a D.I. Diesel Engine, SAE Paper 902062,1990
[28] H.Gen Fujimoto, J.Senda, T.Ito et al, Characteristics of Intermediate Products Generated During Diesel Combustion by Means of Total Gas Sampling, SAE Paper, 2004-01-2923H.Gen Fujimoto, J.Senda, T.Ito et al, Characteristics of Intermediate Products Generated During Diesel Combustion by Means of Total Gas Sampling, SAE Paper, 2004-01-2923
[29]成存玉,柴油机全气缸取样系统的开发:[硕士学位论文],天津,天津大学,2005
[30]郭振鹏,柴油机全气缸系统改进及微粒生成历程的初步研究:[硕士学位论文],天津,天津大学,2006
[31] Heywood, J. B., Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New York,1988.
[32]何学良、李疏松编著,内燃机燃烧学,机械工业出版社,1990,5
[33]刘永长主编,内燃机原理,华中理工大学出版社,1988,3
[34]刘永长,内燃机热力过程模拟,机械工业出版社,2000,7
[35]王吉华.内燃机数据采集和分析系统的研究.内燃机学报.1999,17(4):395～396
[36]常汉宝,基于虚拟测试技术的柴油机燃烧分析系统,柴油机,2003,1:14～17
[37]刘君华等,虚拟仪器图形化编程语言LabVIEW教程,西安电子科技大学出版社,2001
[38] Guy R. Babbitt, Richard L. R. Bonomo and John J. Moskwa Design of an Integrated Control and Data Acquisition System for High-Bandwidth, Hydrostatic, Transient Engine Dynamometer Proceedings of the American Control Conference 1997.6
[39] Hua Zhao, Nicos Ladommatos, Engine Combustion Instrumentation and Diagnostics, Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 2001
[40]林杰伦.柴油机倒拖示功图的热力分析[J ].内燃机工程,1981 , (4) :23～30.
[41]周俊杰,邱东,解茂昭,等.柴油机工作过程数值计算[M] .大连:大连理工大学出版社,1990.
[42]林杰伦.各种误差对柴油机放热曲线计算精度的影响[J] .内燃机工程,1982 ,3 (2) :24～33.
[43] Badami M et a1.Influence of multiple injection strategies on emissions, combustion noise and BSFC of a DI common rail diesel engine. SAE Paper 2002-01-0503
[44]谢辉,车用柴油机新型共轨蓄压式电控燃油系统及其开发系统的开发研究:[博士学位论文],天津;天津大学,1998
[45]高祥,柴油机点状取样系统的开发:[硕士学未论文],天津:天津大学,2005
[46]邵鸿余,微机原理与接口技术,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1998,235～248
[47]王辉,多脉冲喷油模式的调制及其对柴油HCCI燃烧过程影响的研究:[博士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2005
[2] Park K., Kittelson D.B., Zachariah M.R., & McMurry, P.H., Measurement of Inherent Material Density of Nanoparticle Agglomerates. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2004, 6, 26
[3] Wei F., Teng E., Wu G. et al, Ambient Concentrations and Elemental Compositions of PM10 and PM2.5 in Four Chinese Cities, Environmental Science and Technology, 1999,33: 4188~4193
[4]魏复盛,R.S.Chapman等编著,空气污染对呼吸健康影响的研究,北京:中国环境科学出版社,2001, 13~14
[5] Bond T.C., Streets D.G., Yarber K.F. et al, A Technology-based Global Inventory of Black and Organic Carbon Emissions from Combustion, Journal of Geophysical Research, 2004, 109: D14203
[6] Panyacosit L. A Review of Particulate Matter and Health: Focus on Developing Countries,Laxengurg, Austria: IIASA, 2000
[7] David B. Kittelson,Engines and nanoparticles: a review,Journal of Aerosol Science,June 1998, Pages 575-588
[8] J.M. Desantes, Effects of current engine strategies on the exhaust aerosol particle size distribution from a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine, Journal of Aerosol Science, October 2005, Pages 1251-1276
[9] D.S. Su, R. E. Jentoft, J. -O. Müller, D. Microstructure and oxidation behaviour of Euro IV diesel engine soot: a comparative study with synthetic model soot substances, June 2004, Pages 127-132
[10] I. A. Voiculescu and G. L. Borman, an Experimental Study of Diesel Engine Cylinder-Averaged NOx Histories, SAE Paper 780228, 1978
[11] Tung Tat Chan and Gary L. Borman, An Experimental Study of Swirl and EGR Effects on Diesel Combustion by Use of the Dumping Method, SAE Paper 820359, 1982
[12] G.H.Hedding, D.B.Kittelson, H.Scherrer, et al., Total Cylinder Sampling from a Diesel Engine, SAE Paper 810257, 1981
[13] X.liu and D.B.Kittelson,Total Cylinder Sampling from a Diesel Engine(PartⅡ) , SAE Paper 820360, 1982
[14] Cao Jian Du and David B. Kittelson, Total Cylinder Sampling from a Diesel Engine: Part III-Particle Measurements, SAE Paper 830243, 1983
[15] D.B.Kittelson, et al., Particle Concentrations in a Diesel Cylinder: Comparison of Theory and Experiment, SAE Paper 861569, 1986
[16] Michael J. Pipho, Jeffrey L. Ambs and David B.Kittelson, In-Cylinder Measurements of Particulate Formation in an Indirect Injection Diesel Engine, SAE Paper 860024, 1986
[17] David B. Kittelson, Michael J. Pipho, Jeffrey L. Ambs, et al., In-cylinder Measurements of Soot Production in a Direct-Injection Diesel Engine, SAE Paper 880344, 1988
[18] Michael J. Pipho, Jeffrey L. Ambs and David B.Kittelson, In-Cylinder Measurements of Particulate Formation in an Indirect Injection Diesel Engine, SAE Paper 860024, 1986
[19] Du Cao Jian, Kittelson David B, Zweidinger Roy B., Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in the Cylinder of an Operating Diesel Engine, SAE Paper 840364,1984
[20] D.B.Kittelson, M.J.Pipho, J.L.Ambs et al., Particle Concentrations in a Diesel Cylinder: Comparison of Theory and Experiment, SAE Paper 861569, 1986
[21] David B. Kittelson, Michael J. Pipho, Jeffrey L. Ambs et al., In-cylinder Measurements of Soot Production in a Direct-Injection Diesel Engine, SAE Paper 880344, 1988
[22] Luo lang, Pipho Michael J, Particle Growth and Oxidation in a Direct Injection Diesel Engine, SAE Paper 890580, 1989
[23] Pipho Michael J,Kittelson David B,et al. NO2 Formation in a Diesel Engine.SAE paper 910231, 1991
[24] pipho Michael J, Kittelson David B, Lang Luo, et al. Injection Timing and Bowl Configuration Effect on In-Cylinder Particle Mass. SAE Paper 921469,1992
[25]刘仪,藏仲冬,白翎等,直喷式柴油机缸内气体全量取样技术开发及其在缸内微粒形成过程研究中的应用,内燃机学报,1995, 13(1): 71~76
[26]刘仪,柴油机全气缸取样系统开发及缸内微粒形成过程研究,[博士论文],长春,吉林工业大学,1989
[27] Hiroyuki Hiroyasu, Keiya Nishide et a1, Total In-cylinder Sampling Experiment on Emission Formation Process in a D.I. Diesel Engine, SAE Paper 902062,1990
[28] H.Gen Fujimoto, J.Senda, T.Ito et al, Characteristics of Intermediate Products Generated During Diesel Combustion by Means of Total Gas Sampling, SAE Paper, 2004-01-2923H.Gen Fujimoto, J.Senda, T.Ito et al, Characteristics of Intermediate Products Generated During Diesel Combustion by Means of Total Gas Sampling, SAE Paper, 2004-01-2923
[29]成存玉,柴油机全气缸取样系统的开发:[硕士学位论文],天津,天津大学,2005
[30]郭振鹏,柴油机全气缸系统改进及微粒生成历程的初步研究:[硕士学位论文],天津,天津大学,2006
[31] Heywood, J. B., Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New York,1988.
[32]何学良、李疏松编著,内燃机燃烧学,机械工业出版社,1990,5
[33]刘永长主编,内燃机原理,华中理工大学出版社,1988,3
[34]刘永长,内燃机热力过程模拟,机械工业出版社,2000,7
[35]王吉华.内燃机数据采集和分析系统的研究.内燃机学报.1999,17(4):395～396
[36]常汉宝,基于虚拟测试技术的柴油机燃烧分析系统,柴油机,2003,1:14～17
[37]刘君华等,虚拟仪器图形化编程语言LabVIEW教程,西安电子科技大学出版社,2001
[38] Guy R. Babbitt, Richard L. R. Bonomo and John J. Moskwa Design of an Integrated Control and Data Acquisition System for High-Bandwidth, Hydrostatic, Transient Engine Dynamometer Proceedings of the American Control Conference 1997.6
[39] Hua Zhao, Nicos Ladommatos, Engine Combustion Instrumentation and Diagnostics, Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 2001
[40]林杰伦.柴油机倒拖示功图的热力分析[J ].内燃机工程,1981 , (4) :23～30.
[41]周俊杰,邱东,解茂昭,等.柴油机工作过程数值计算[M] .大连:大连理工大学出版社,1990.
[42]林杰伦.各种误差对柴油机放热曲线计算精度的影响[J] .内燃机工程,1982 ,3 (2) :24～33.
[43] Badami M et a1.Influence of multiple injection strategies on emissions, combustion noise and BSFC of a DI common rail diesel engine. SAE Paper 2002-01-0503
[44]谢辉,车用柴油机新型共轨蓄压式电控燃油系统及其开发系统的开发研究:[博士学位论文],天津;天津大学,1998
[45]高祥,柴油机点状取样系统的开发:[硕士学未论文],天津:天津大学,2005
[46]邵鸿余,微机原理与接口技术,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1998,235～248
[47]王辉,多脉冲喷油模式的调制及其对柴油HCCI燃烧过程影响的研究:[博士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2005