宽带雷达信号的生成方法研究
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摘要
在雷达技术领域,各种体制雷达的研制越来越离不开实验室内半实物仿真技术的支持。在实验室环境下雷达信号模拟器能够利用仿真技术,通过建立雷达信号模型灵活地产生雷达目标回波信号、雷达干扰信号和雷达环境信号,满足雷达系统设计、开发和测试的需要。对于半实物的仿真系统而言,需要对宽带雷达信号进行实时重构,本文对宽带雷达信号的实验室重构方法进行了深入的研究。
雷达信号通常属于随机信号,其频率域统计特性比较容易得到,因此本文采用工程上易于实现的重构算法:根据功率谱特征求得其幅度谱,相位随机化后得到矢量频谱,再傅立叶反变换得到有限长时域序列,通过时域随机化处理得到无限长序列,然后进行内插扩展、数字正交调制实现上变频过程,通过D/A和低通滤波生成目标信号。
对于宽带雷达信号而言,该算法的重构精度和实时性都要求的比较严格。本文针对影响信号重构精度和实时性的重点部分:时域随机化处理和内插扩展过程,分别进行了详细的分析。考虑到时域随机化处理中所选窗函数的不同频谱特性,提出了加汉宁窗并进行幅值修正的方法来完成有限长序列的无限扩展。同时由于多项式插值滤波器具有实时计算量小的优点,而多级结构又可以大大降低滤波器的设计要求和系统运算量,提出了一种将多相滤波器和拉格朗日插值滤波器相组合的多级实现结构来完成基带信号的采样率转换,并针对多相内插滤波器和多项式插值滤波器在实际设计中的不同缺点,分别进行了一定的改进。最后,本文给出了基于DSP和FPGA的宽带信号数字正交调制方法,将运算量很大的内插及低通滤波部分用FPGA器件来实现,并讨论了用硬件电路实现的数字内插滤波器内部结构。
In the field of radar technology, hardware-in-the-loop simulation in the laboratory is very important for the development of various radar systems. Based on simulated radar signal model, radar signal simulator can nimbly reconstruct radar target signal, interference signal and environment signal, which meet the need of new radar system design and test. For hardware-in-the-loop simulation, it refers to the real-time reconstructing architecture of wideband radar signal. In this paper, related reconstructing methods are discussed and researched thoroughly, and certain improvement is estimable for applications of radar system.
Generally, the frequency-domain statistical property of radar signal which is a kind of random signal can be derived easily in the laboratory. A signal reconstructing algorithm applied in the project extensively is mainly studied in this paper, which includes conversion from power spectrum to magnitude spectrum, randomization of phase to obtain vector spectrum, inverse Fourier transform, randomization of series of finite time-domain sequences, interpolation of the infinite sequence, digital quadrature modulation for frequency up conversion, D/A conversion, and lowpass filtering.
The reconstructing algorithm of wideband radar signal must be characteristic of real time and high resolution. Because of the restriction, the emphasis of this paper includes two parts: randomization of series of finite time-domain sequences and interpolation of the infinite sequence, which affect the simulated signal’s characteristics greatly. Considered different frequency spectrum properties of several windows in the time-domain randomization, a new randomizing method is proposed, which includes addition of hanning window, overlap, and amplitude amending process. The interpolation ofbaseband signal which raises the sample rate is implemented by a new kind of multistage architecture combined multiphase filter with Lagrange polynomial filter. The polynomial interpolating filter has a little computation in real-time digital signal processing, and the multistage structure can reduce the filters’design requirement and decrease the quantity of computation efficiently. Aiming at different defects of multiphase filter and polynomial filter in practical design, certain improvement has been made accordingly. Finally, a method of wideband signal digital quadrature modulation based on DSP and FPGA is proposed. The parts of interpolation and lowpass filtering with large quantity of computation are carried on by FPGA device, and the hardware design structure of digital interpolating filter is discussed deeply.
雷达信号通常属于随机信号,其频率域统计特性比较容易得到,因此本文采用工程上易于实现的重构算法:根据功率谱特征求得其幅度谱,相位随机化后得到矢量频谱,再傅立叶反变换得到有限长时域序列,通过时域随机化处理得到无限长序列,然后进行内插扩展、数字正交调制实现上变频过程,通过D/A和低通滤波生成目标信号。
对于宽带雷达信号而言,该算法的重构精度和实时性都要求的比较严格。本文针对影响信号重构精度和实时性的重点部分:时域随机化处理和内插扩展过程,分别进行了详细的分析。考虑到时域随机化处理中所选窗函数的不同频谱特性,提出了加汉宁窗并进行幅值修正的方法来完成有限长序列的无限扩展。同时由于多项式插值滤波器具有实时计算量小的优点,而多级结构又可以大大降低滤波器的设计要求和系统运算量,提出了一种将多相滤波器和拉格朗日插值滤波器相组合的多级实现结构来完成基带信号的采样率转换,并针对多相内插滤波器和多项式插值滤波器在实际设计中的不同缺点,分别进行了一定的改进。最后,本文给出了基于DSP和FPGA的宽带信号数字正交调制方法,将运算量很大的内插及低通滤波部分用FPGA器件来实现,并讨论了用硬件电路实现的数字内插滤波器内部结构。
In the field of radar technology, hardware-in-the-loop simulation in the laboratory is very important for the development of various radar systems. Based on simulated radar signal model, radar signal simulator can nimbly reconstruct radar target signal, interference signal and environment signal, which meet the need of new radar system design and test. For hardware-in-the-loop simulation, it refers to the real-time reconstructing architecture of wideband radar signal. In this paper, related reconstructing methods are discussed and researched thoroughly, and certain improvement is estimable for applications of radar system.
Generally, the frequency-domain statistical property of radar signal which is a kind of random signal can be derived easily in the laboratory. A signal reconstructing algorithm applied in the project extensively is mainly studied in this paper, which includes conversion from power spectrum to magnitude spectrum, randomization of phase to obtain vector spectrum, inverse Fourier transform, randomization of series of finite time-domain sequences, interpolation of the infinite sequence, digital quadrature modulation for frequency up conversion, D/A conversion, and lowpass filtering.
The reconstructing algorithm of wideband radar signal must be characteristic of real time and high resolution. Because of the restriction, the emphasis of this paper includes two parts: randomization of series of finite time-domain sequences and interpolation of the infinite sequence, which affect the simulated signal’s characteristics greatly. Considered different frequency spectrum properties of several windows in the time-domain randomization, a new randomizing method is proposed, which includes addition of hanning window, overlap, and amplitude amending process. The interpolation ofbaseband signal which raises the sample rate is implemented by a new kind of multistage architecture combined multiphase filter with Lagrange polynomial filter. The polynomial interpolating filter has a little computation in real-time digital signal processing, and the multistage structure can reduce the filters’design requirement and decrease the quantity of computation efficiently. Aiming at different defects of multiphase filter and polynomial filter in practical design, certain improvement has been made accordingly. Finally, a method of wideband signal digital quadrature modulation based on DSP and FPGA is proposed. The parts of interpolation and lowpass filtering with large quantity of computation are carried on by FPGA device, and the hardware design structure of digital interpolating filter is discussed deeply.
引文
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2 向敬成,王意青,毛自灿,等.信号检测与估计.北京:电子工业出版社,1994:1-4
3 中航雷达与电子设备研究院.雷达系统.北京:国防工业出版社,2005:1-20
4 费元春,苏广红,米红,等.宽带雷达信号产生技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2002: 34-85
5 费元春,陈世伟,米红.基于 DDS 的宽带雷达信号产生技术研究.电子学报,2001,29(8): 1022 1027
6 熊慎伟.基于 DDS 的宽带雷达信号产生系统.电子工程信息,2005,(1):35-37
7 吴建斌,田茂.基于 DDS/PLL 的宽带雷达信号产生系统.电子技术,2003,(1):19-22
8 刘凌阁.基于 DDS 宽带雷达信号产生器的研究.[哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文].2003:6-15
9 孟华东,吴丹青,王秀坛,等.雷达视频信号实时模拟器的一种通用结构.系统工程与电子技术,2003,25(1):1-3
10 王敏,陆必应,汪海波,等.基于 DSP 和 CPLD 的宽带信号源的设计.电子工程师,2002, 28(8):1-3
11 侯建刚,王越,陶然,等.一种基于 TMS320C6416 和 FPGA 的实时雷达信号模拟器设计.火控雷达技术,2004,(33):63-66,87
12 恽小华,葛良波,孙琳琳.三通道多普勒雷达杂波信号实时模拟器.电子学报,2003, 31(9):1330-1333
13 梁志恒,蒋庄德,张煊.脉冲多普勒雷达实时杂波模拟.西安交通大学学报,2000, 34(11):65-69
14 梁志恒,蒋庄德.脉冲多普勒雷达注入式实时杂波模拟方法研究.计算机仿真,2003, 20(7):26-28
15 李衍达,常迥.信号重构理论及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社,1991:1-6
16 M.H.Hayes, J.S.Lim, A.V.Oppenheim. Signal Reconstruction from Phase or Magni- tude. IEEE Trans. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1980,28(6):672-680
17 T.F.Quatieri, JR., A.V.Oppenheim. Iterative Techniques for Minimum Phase Signal Reconstruction from Phase or Magnitude. IEEE Trans. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1981,29(6):1187-1193
18 B.Yegnanarayana, A.Dhayalan. Noniterative Techniques for Minimum Phase Signal Reconstruction from Phase or Magnitude. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Boston, 1983:639-642
19 G.Michael, M.Porat. On Signal Reconstruction from Fourier Magnitude. IEEE,2001: 1403-1406
20 V.T.Tom, T.F.Quatieri, M.H.Hayes. Convergence of Iterative Nonexpansive Signal Reconstruction Algorithms. IEEE Trans. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1981,29(5):1052-1058
21 R.L.Mitchell.雷达系统模拟.陈训达.北京:科学出版社,1982:27-60
22 戴诗亮.随机振动实验技术.北京:清华大学出版社,1984:134-136
23 蒋瑜,陈循,陶俊勇,等.超高斯伪随机振动激励信号的生成技术.振动工程学报,2005, 18(2):179-183
24 陈循,温熙森,唐丙阳.驱动信号软件生成与随机化噪声抵消技术.振动工程学报, 1994,7(3):217-222
25 R.L.Mitchell. Generating Non-stationary Random Sequences. IEEE Trans. on Aero- space and Electronic Systems, 1981,(17):553-560
26 梁志恒,蒋庄德.脉冲多普勒雷达杂波信号的实时重构方法研究.西安交通大学学报, 2001,35(5):520-522
27 梁志恒,蒋庄德,张煊.主动雷达导引头杂波信号产生原理及应用.系统仿真学报, 2003,15(4):476-478
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