大豆油酸、亚麻酸遗传相关与QTL定位
摘要
大豆[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]原产于我国,是当今世界上最重要的植物蛋白与食用植物油的来源。大豆油大约占世界植物油市场的35%。大豆油富含人体必需脂肪酸,其品质主要由其所含的脂肪酸种类和数量决定。大豆油脂脂肪酸主要由饱和脂肪酸(棕桐酸、硬脂酸)和不饱和脂肪酸(油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸)组成。大豆油脂中以亚油酸含量最高,硬脂酸最低。油酸、亚油酸对人体有益,它对防止高血压和心脏病等有重要作用。大豆脂肪酸的组成决定着食用油及其产品的营养价值。大豆油脂中的油酸和亚油酸含量高,豆油的营养价值就高。亚麻酸易使油脂氧化变劣,使豆油营养价值降低。棕桐酸和硬脂酸,不易消化吸收,人类过多食用,会造成肥胖和心血管疾病。大豆油脂脂肪酸改良的策略,应是在提高油酸和亚油酸含量的同时,适当降低亚麻酸含量。本研究在分析大豆油脂脂肪酸含量的遗传变异规律,利用SSR分子标记技术发掘与其相关能够稳定遗传的QTLs,其为大豆油份品质育种提供参考依据。
本研究利用五种脂肪酸含量的相关性进行分析表明,棕榈酸与硬脂酸、油酸;硬脂酸与油酸含量间呈显著或极显著正相关,亚油酸与亚麻酸呈极显著正相关(r=0.7986)。油酸与亚油酸、亚麻酸含量呈极显著负相关,r值分别为-0.5712和-0.4256。亚麻酸、亚油酸以及油酸的相关关系比较稳定,在不同生态条件下表现较一致,这就说明这两组性状的相关关系非常稳定,他们内在的遗传基础是相当密切的。也就说明,当油酸含量增加时,亚油酸和亚麻酸的含量减少。反之,油酸含量减少时,亚油酸和亚麻酸含量增加。因此,可以利用这种性状相互消长的关系,可作为选择的间接依据。
本研究利用高油酸的L-9和低亚麻酸的哈91016杂交获得的F2代群体,利用气相色谱脂肪酸甲酯化法测定五种脂肪酸的含量,利用500对SSR引物对油酸含量和亚麻酸含量进行基因定位,其中多态性标记的有124个,占24.8%,通过MPMAKER/EXP V3.0构建连锁图谱,得到一个包括123个标记的遗传连锁图谱,这123个SSR分子标记总长度约6979.9cM,分子间的平均距离为56.29cM。F连锁群的最长距离为345.4cM,最短距离为5.7 cM。大豆种子中油酸含量和亚麻酸含量相关的QTL分析。结果检测到当LOD大于2.0时控制大豆油酸含量的QTL有两个位于连锁群MLG G、MLG D1b,上LOD值分别为3.24和4.01,与SSR标记Satt012的距离是12.01cM ,与SSR标记Satt274的距离是14.01cM;其对油酸含量的贡献率为9.02%和14.86%。
控制大豆亚麻酸含量的QTL有两个位于连锁群MLG K、MLG A2上,LOD值分别为2.65和3.01,与SSR标记Satt394的距离是18.06cM ,与SSR标记Satt097的距离是5.13cM;其对亚麻酸的贡献率分别为11.03%和7.89%。
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Men.], originated from China, is one of the most important sources of vegeTab. protein and edible oil world-widely. oybean oil accounts for about35% of the world's vegeTab. oil market. Soybean oil is rich with essential fatty acids for human bodies, the quality of which depends on the type and magnitude of fatty acidcomposition. Fatty acids from soybean oil mainly consist of saturated fatty acids (Palmitic acid, stearic acid) and unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid). In soybean oil,the contents of Linoleic acid is the highest, while linolenic acid was the lowest. Oleic acid was useful for healthy as well as linoleic acid, they can play an important role in preventing heart disease,high blood pressure and so on.The compositions of the Soybean fatty acid determine the nutritional value of the edible oil and its production. The higher was the content of the oleic acid and linoleic acid in Soybean oil,the higher was the nutritional value of the soybean oil.The Linolenic acid was easy to make oil oxidative and bad,and reduce the nutritional value of the sobean oil.Palmitic acid and stearic acid, are not easy to be digested and absorbed.It will cause obesity and cardiovascular deseases if eatting too much.The strategies of improving Soybean oil fatty acid should be improve the contens of oleic acid and linoleic acid,at the same time reduce the contents of linolenic acid appropriately.The research was about analysising on the genetic variation law of the content of Soybean fatty acid,at the same time,discovering the its correlated and steadily genetic QTLS which will provide reference basis for quality breeding of soybean oil conntent by SSR molecular markers.
In this study, the correlation in contents of five fttay acids showed :the content of palmitic acid was positively correlated with oleic acid and stearic acid,so the content of oleic acid and stearic acid was.linoleic acid was significantly positive correlated with the linolenic acid (r = 0.7986). It means that, when the content of the oleic acid increased, the content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid reduced. Instead,the content of oleic acid reduced, the content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid increased. Therefore, we can regard the fluctuate relationship of characteristics as the basis of indirect selection
In the study, F2 progeny segregating from a crop between L-9 of oleic acid and ha 91016 of linolenic acid,were used to screen 500 SSR markers.A total of 124 SSR marlers which were polymorphic and clearly segregated were used for subsequent QTLs analysis,and five main fatty acid contents were measured by fatty acid sodium hydroxide-methanol using gas chromatography.All makers were used to construct a genetic linkage map using Mapmaker/EXP3.0.Genetic linkage map of 123 makers was drawing which covered 6879.9cM with mean distance 56.29cm between markers.The furthest distance was 345.4cM,and the nearest was 5.7cm. When the LOD set was 2.0 the QTLs which Controlled the content of soybean Oleic acid was setted at linkage groups in MLG G, MLG D1b, the LOD were3.24and 4.01, the distance between Satt012 was 12.01 cm,and the distance between Satt274 was 14.01 cm; they accounted for 9.02% and 14.86% of the phenotypic variation in linolenic acid lever in this population. the QTLs which Controlled the content of soybean linolenic acid was setted at linkage groups in MLG K, MLG A2,the LOD were 2.65 and 3.01, the distance between Satt394 was 18.06 cm,and the distance between Satt097 was 5.13 cm; they accounted for 11.03% and 7.89% of the phenotypic variation in linolenic acid lever in this population.
本研究利用五种脂肪酸含量的相关性进行分析表明,棕榈酸与硬脂酸、油酸;硬脂酸与油酸含量间呈显著或极显著正相关,亚油酸与亚麻酸呈极显著正相关(r=0.7986)。油酸与亚油酸、亚麻酸含量呈极显著负相关,r值分别为-0.5712和-0.4256。亚麻酸、亚油酸以及油酸的相关关系比较稳定,在不同生态条件下表现较一致,这就说明这两组性状的相关关系非常稳定,他们内在的遗传基础是相当密切的。也就说明,当油酸含量增加时,亚油酸和亚麻酸的含量减少。反之,油酸含量减少时,亚油酸和亚麻酸含量增加。因此,可以利用这种性状相互消长的关系,可作为选择的间接依据。
本研究利用高油酸的L-9和低亚麻酸的哈91016杂交获得的F2代群体,利用气相色谱脂肪酸甲酯化法测定五种脂肪酸的含量,利用500对SSR引物对油酸含量和亚麻酸含量进行基因定位,其中多态性标记的有124个,占24.8%,通过MPMAKER/EXP V3.0构建连锁图谱,得到一个包括123个标记的遗传连锁图谱,这123个SSR分子标记总长度约6979.9cM,分子间的平均距离为56.29cM。F连锁群的最长距离为345.4cM,最短距离为5.7 cM。大豆种子中油酸含量和亚麻酸含量相关的QTL分析。结果检测到当LOD大于2.0时控制大豆油酸含量的QTL有两个位于连锁群MLG G、MLG D1b,上LOD值分别为3.24和4.01,与SSR标记Satt012的距离是12.01cM ,与SSR标记Satt274的距离是14.01cM;其对油酸含量的贡献率为9.02%和14.86%。
控制大豆亚麻酸含量的QTL有两个位于连锁群MLG K、MLG A2上,LOD值分别为2.65和3.01,与SSR标记Satt394的距离是18.06cM ,与SSR标记Satt097的距离是5.13cM;其对亚麻酸的贡献率分别为11.03%和7.89%。
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Men.], originated from China, is one of the most important sources of vegeTab. protein and edible oil world-widely. oybean oil accounts for about35% of the world's vegeTab. oil market. Soybean oil is rich with essential fatty acids for human bodies, the quality of which depends on the type and magnitude of fatty acidcomposition. Fatty acids from soybean oil mainly consist of saturated fatty acids (Palmitic acid, stearic acid) and unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid). In soybean oil,the contents of Linoleic acid is the highest, while linolenic acid was the lowest. Oleic acid was useful for healthy as well as linoleic acid, they can play an important role in preventing heart disease,high blood pressure and so on.The compositions of the Soybean fatty acid determine the nutritional value of the edible oil and its production. The higher was the content of the oleic acid and linoleic acid in Soybean oil,the higher was the nutritional value of the soybean oil.The Linolenic acid was easy to make oil oxidative and bad,and reduce the nutritional value of the sobean oil.Palmitic acid and stearic acid, are not easy to be digested and absorbed.It will cause obesity and cardiovascular deseases if eatting too much.The strategies of improving Soybean oil fatty acid should be improve the contens of oleic acid and linoleic acid,at the same time reduce the contents of linolenic acid appropriately.The research was about analysising on the genetic variation law of the content of Soybean fatty acid,at the same time,discovering the its correlated and steadily genetic QTLS which will provide reference basis for quality breeding of soybean oil conntent by SSR molecular markers.
In this study, the correlation in contents of five fttay acids showed :the content of palmitic acid was positively correlated with oleic acid and stearic acid,so the content of oleic acid and stearic acid was.linoleic acid was significantly positive correlated with the linolenic acid (r = 0.7986). It means that, when the content of the oleic acid increased, the content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid reduced. Instead,the content of oleic acid reduced, the content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid increased. Therefore, we can regard the fluctuate relationship of characteristics as the basis of indirect selection
In the study, F2 progeny segregating from a crop between L-9 of oleic acid and ha 91016 of linolenic acid,were used to screen 500 SSR markers.A total of 124 SSR marlers which were polymorphic and clearly segregated were used for subsequent QTLs analysis,and five main fatty acid contents were measured by fatty acid sodium hydroxide-methanol using gas chromatography.All makers were used to construct a genetic linkage map using Mapmaker/EXP3.0.Genetic linkage map of 123 makers was drawing which covered 6879.9cM with mean distance 56.29cm between markers.The furthest distance was 345.4cM,and the nearest was 5.7cm. When the LOD set was 2.0 the QTLs which Controlled the content of soybean Oleic acid was setted at linkage groups in MLG G, MLG D1b, the LOD were3.24and 4.01, the distance between Satt012 was 12.01 cm,and the distance between Satt274 was 14.01 cm; they accounted for 9.02% and 14.86% of the phenotypic variation in linolenic acid lever in this population. the QTLs which Controlled the content of soybean linolenic acid was setted at linkage groups in MLG K, MLG A2,the LOD were 2.65 and 3.01, the distance between Satt394 was 18.06 cm,and the distance between Satt097 was 5.13 cm; they accounted for 11.03% and 7.89% of the phenotypic variation in linolenic acid lever in this population.
引文
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Apuya N R, Frazier, Keim P,R, Lark K G.. 1999. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms as genetic markers in soybean, Glycine max (L.)Merri.Theor. Appl.Genet.. 1988 .75:889～901.
Cregan P B, Jarvik T. An integrated genetic linkage map of thesoybean genome. Crop Sci. 35(5):1464～1490
Brim CA.1968. Maternal effect on fatty acid composition and oil content of soybeans. CropSci. 8:51～52.
Vta P,Ingo S. 1993. Midiprep method for DNA from plants with a high content of polypholics〔J. Nucleic Acids Res, 21(14):3328～3330
Brummer E.c.et al. 1997. Mapping QTL for Seed Protein and Qil content in Eight Soybean Popultions. Crop Sci. 37:370～378
Bunyarnin T. 2002. Genetic mapping of agronomic traits in common bean. Crop Sci. 42:544～556
Chung J E et a1. 2003. .The seed protein oil and yield QTL on soybean linkage group. Crop Sci. 43(3):1053～1067
Chapman A, Pantalone V R, Ustun A, Allen F L, Landau-llis D et al. 2003. Quantitative trait loci for agronomic and seed quality traits in an F2 and F4:6 soybean population.Euphytica. 129:387～393
Concibido,V.C.et al. 2003. Introgression of a Quantitative Trait Locus for Yield from lycine soja into Commercial Soy bean Cultivars. Theor ApplGenet. 106:575～582
ConcibidoV C et al. 1994. DNA maxker analysis of loci underlying resistance to soybean cystnematode(Heterodera glycines Ichinohe). Crop Sci. 34(2):40～46
Chen F Q et al. 1994. MaPPing genes for resistance to barley stripe rust(Puccinia striiformis f.sp.hordei). Theor Appl Genet. 88:15～19
Csanadi G, Vollmann J, Stift G, Lelley T. 2001. Seed quality QTLs identified in a molecular map of earlymaturing soybean. Theor Appl Genet, 103:12～19
David L S, Walter R F, and Grace A W. 2000. Relationship of Elevated Palmitate to Soybean Seed Traits. Crop Sci. 40:52～54
Diers B W et al. 1992. RFLP analysis of soybean seed protein and oil content. Theor Appl Genet. 83:608～612
Diers B W, Shoemaker R C. 1992. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of soybean fatty acid content.JAOCS. 69:1242～1244
Dixon R A. Harrison M J. 1990. Activation strueture andorganization of genes involved in microbial Defense in plants.Ady Genet. 28:165～234
DiersB W P, KeimW R F hoemaker R C. 1992. analysis of soybean seed protein and oil content. Theor Appl Genet. 83:608～612
Erickson E A et al. 1988 Fatty acid composition of the oil in reciprocal crosses among soybean mutants.Crop Sci..18:644～646.
Fehr,W.R. 1987. Backcross method. In Principles of Cultivar Development. Theory and technique.Macmillian Publ. New York. 1:366～369
Geiger H H. 1989. Heun M.Genetics of quantitative resistance to fungal disease.Annu Rev PhytoPathol. 27:317～341
Haley C S, Knott S A.A. 1992. simple regression method for mapping quantitative trait loci in line crosses using flanking markers. Heredity. 69:315～324
Hu J et al. 1995. Mapping of a gene determining linolenic acid concentration in rapeseed with DAN～based markers.Theor Appl Genet. 90:258～262
Ishikawa G et al. 2001. The accumulation pattern in developing seeds and its relation to fatty acidvariation in soybean.Plant Breeding. 120:417～423
James M N, Walter R F, Ininda J,Ge al. 2000. Inheritance of Elevated Palmitate in Soybean Seed Oil. Crop Sci. 40:635～639
Keim P et al. 1997. A high density soybean genetic map based on AFLP marker.Crop Sci. 37:537～543
Keim P, Diers B W, Olson T C et al. 1990. RFLP mapping in soybean:association between marker oci and variation in quantitative traits.Genetics. 126:735～742
Keim P JM Schupp, S E Travis, et a1. 997. A high～density soybean genetic map based on AFLP markers.Crop Sci. (37):537～543
Lark K G, Weisemann J M, Matthews B F,e al. 1993. A genetic map ofsoybean(Glycine max L.)using an intraspecific cross of two cultivars:Minsoy and Noirl.Thenr Appl Genet. 86:901～906
Lee S H er al. 1996. RFLP loci associated with soybean seed Protein and oi1 content across populations and locations.Theor APPI Genet. 93:649～657
Lee,S.H., K.Y.Park, H.R.Boerma. 2001. Genetic Mpping of QTLs Conditioning Sprout Yield and Quality.Theor.Appl.Genet. (103):702～709
Lee,Donald J., Carol Caha A.James E.e al. 1994. Grae.f Analysis ofcytoplasmic diversity in an outcrossing population of soybean.Crop Sc.i. 34(1):46～50
Luo Z W et al. 1989. Maximum likelihood estimation of linkage between a marker gene and a quantitative locus.eredity . 63(3):401～408
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