大型天然气管网仿真计算引擎的研究与实现
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摘要
近10年来,我国天然气工业进入快速发展期,管道仿真技术水平也迅速提高,国内油气储运领域内诸多学者对相关技术进行了深入研究并开发出了相应的管道仿真计算软件,这极大地促进了我国管道运营水平的提高。由于国内天然气管道工业起步晚、基础研究薄弱等原因,国内管道仿真技术与国际上先进国家还有很大的差距,国内还没有形成一款商业化天然气管道仿真软件产品。迄今为止,国内大型油气管道仿真计算与运行分析仍然依赖国外进口商业软件(主要是SPS、TGNET等国际商业管道仿真软件),而国外仿真软件存在价格昂贵、技术垄断、技术服务不到位、产品扩展难等不足,这在很大程度上限制了国内管道公司的业务发展。因此开发出具有完全自主知识产权的仿真软件产品已经势在必行。这对于完全掌握管道仿真核心技术,打破国外公司长期以来对国内市场的垄断,促进国内管道仿真技术的进步具有十分重要的意义。
纵观国外管道仿真技术的发展历程,经历了从探索和尝试阶段、仿真计算软件初步形成、软件的初步工业应用、软件的产品化和商品化到以软件产品为工具定制服务五个阶段。而国内由于现代天然气管道工业起步晚等原因,国内的管道仿真技术处于软件的初步工业应用阶段,还没有完成软件的产品化与商业化。
本文以构建大型商业化天然气管网仿真计算引擎为目标,在总结分析国内外管道仿真领域相关最新研究成果的基础上,对所涉及的关键技术进行了研究。具体来讲,本论文研究工作主要有如下几个方面：
(1)按照大型商业软件产品的架构体系,以面向对象的设计原则为出发点,综合运用面向模式的架构设计理念与现代架构设计技术对天然气管网仿真计算引擎进行了架构设计。
(2)考虑任意拓扑结构的天然气管网,采用有向图对管网进行逻辑表征,在此基础上完成管网的拓扑排序、分支点及分支提取、边界识别、模型的有效性验证等预处理。
(3)讨论了大型天然气管网的数值系统的建立方法与步骤,给出了管段和非管元件的数值形式。
(4)深入研究了求解大型天然气管网数值系统时涉及的关键技术,阐述了蛙跳策略、迎风策略的综合应用,以及初始状态的建立过程。
(5)深入研究了压缩机的动态仿真问题,灵活运用“延迟抖动”的策略,实现了气体管网仿真中压缩机的平稳启动和停机,并给出了压缩机动态仿真的方法和步骤。
(6)引入正交测试技术对仿真引擎的最大处理能力进行了探索。
(7)以西气东输一线为例,进行了动态仿真模拟,分别在稳定性、准确性和计算效率方面与SPS进行了对比分析。结果表明,该仿真计算引擎计算结果精度高、易用性强和效率高,具有很强的工程应用价值。
In recent ten years, the natural gas industry has entered into the phase of rapid development. And pipeline simulation technology has improved rapidly in our country. Though many academics studied the technologies in the field of oil&gas storage and transportation. any commerical pipeline simulation software that can apply to all topological structure of gas pipe network and dynamic simulation in complex hydraulic conditions did not developed sucessfully. The calculation and operation analysis of oil&gas pipeline still depend on foreign commerical simulation software (SPS, TGNET etc). There are some serials problem such as technological monopoly, unsatisfactory service and unenough expansibility etc. It largely obstructs the devlopment of local's pipe corporation. So, it is necessary to develop pipeline simulation software with independent intellectual rights. It is significant for mastering the pipeline simulation technology, breaking the long-term monopoly from foreign and improving the technical progress in our pipe simulation.
In this paper, it is pointed out that there is not any commerical pipeline simulation software with good commonability. Firstly, the recent research achivements in the field at home and abroad have been reviewed. Then, the key technology involved in gas pipe network simulation engine is presented that:the logical description on topological structure of large-scale gas pipe network, the establishment on numerical system of gas pipe network, the solving technology on numerical system and key problem, the dynamic simulation of compressor, the architecture design and implementation by the criterion of large-scale commerical software, the orthogonal test of simulation engine. At last, the stability, pricise and performance of simulation engine are illustrated by pratical example. Major jobs of this paper are as follows.
(1) According to the research and development criterion of large-scale commerical software, the architect design and implementation of gas pipe network simulation engine are completed with the compressive application of the design concept based-on pattern-oriented, the design technology of architect, OOD and OOP.
(2) All topological structure of gas pipe network is described effectively by digraph. On this basis, the topological sorting sequence, the collection of branch nodes and branches, the identification of externals, the validation of pipe network model's availability.
(3) The method and steps on establiment of large-scale gas pipe network are studied. The numerical form of pipeleg and other pipeline elements are presented.
(4) The key technologies involved in the solution on numerical system of large-scale gas pipe network are studied. It is presented that the comprehensive application on strategy of frog-leg and upwind. It is also showed that the process of initial status.
(5) It is presented thoroughly that the problem on the dynamic simulation of compressor. The steady process on starting and stopping of compressor are implemented by applying the strategy named "delay jitter". The method and steps on dynamic simulation of compressor are illustrated.
(6) The orthogonal test is applied to accomplish the overall test on simulation engine and find out the bottleneck of simulation engine's performance.
(7) Taking WestEast natural gas transmission project for example, the computational accuracy, computational efficiency and usability are show by contrasting the dynamic simulation results of this software and SPS,and this simulation software is very valuable in engineering practice.
纵观国外管道仿真技术的发展历程,经历了从探索和尝试阶段、仿真计算软件初步形成、软件的初步工业应用、软件的产品化和商品化到以软件产品为工具定制服务五个阶段。而国内由于现代天然气管道工业起步晚等原因,国内的管道仿真技术处于软件的初步工业应用阶段,还没有完成软件的产品化与商业化。
本文以构建大型商业化天然气管网仿真计算引擎为目标,在总结分析国内外管道仿真领域相关最新研究成果的基础上,对所涉及的关键技术进行了研究。具体来讲,本论文研究工作主要有如下几个方面：
(1)按照大型商业软件产品的架构体系,以面向对象的设计原则为出发点,综合运用面向模式的架构设计理念与现代架构设计技术对天然气管网仿真计算引擎进行了架构设计。
(2)考虑任意拓扑结构的天然气管网,采用有向图对管网进行逻辑表征,在此基础上完成管网的拓扑排序、分支点及分支提取、边界识别、模型的有效性验证等预处理。
(3)讨论了大型天然气管网的数值系统的建立方法与步骤,给出了管段和非管元件的数值形式。
(4)深入研究了求解大型天然气管网数值系统时涉及的关键技术,阐述了蛙跳策略、迎风策略的综合应用,以及初始状态的建立过程。
(5)深入研究了压缩机的动态仿真问题,灵活运用“延迟抖动”的策略,实现了气体管网仿真中压缩机的平稳启动和停机,并给出了压缩机动态仿真的方法和步骤。
(6)引入正交测试技术对仿真引擎的最大处理能力进行了探索。
(7)以西气东输一线为例,进行了动态仿真模拟,分别在稳定性、准确性和计算效率方面与SPS进行了对比分析。结果表明,该仿真计算引擎计算结果精度高、易用性强和效率高,具有很强的工程应用价值。
In recent ten years, the natural gas industry has entered into the phase of rapid development. And pipeline simulation technology has improved rapidly in our country. Though many academics studied the technologies in the field of oil&gas storage and transportation. any commerical pipeline simulation software that can apply to all topological structure of gas pipe network and dynamic simulation in complex hydraulic conditions did not developed sucessfully. The calculation and operation analysis of oil&gas pipeline still depend on foreign commerical simulation software (SPS, TGNET etc). There are some serials problem such as technological monopoly, unsatisfactory service and unenough expansibility etc. It largely obstructs the devlopment of local's pipe corporation. So, it is necessary to develop pipeline simulation software with independent intellectual rights. It is significant for mastering the pipeline simulation technology, breaking the long-term monopoly from foreign and improving the technical progress in our pipe simulation.
In this paper, it is pointed out that there is not any commerical pipeline simulation software with good commonability. Firstly, the recent research achivements in the field at home and abroad have been reviewed. Then, the key technology involved in gas pipe network simulation engine is presented that:the logical description on topological structure of large-scale gas pipe network, the establishment on numerical system of gas pipe network, the solving technology on numerical system and key problem, the dynamic simulation of compressor, the architecture design and implementation by the criterion of large-scale commerical software, the orthogonal test of simulation engine. At last, the stability, pricise and performance of simulation engine are illustrated by pratical example. Major jobs of this paper are as follows.
(1) According to the research and development criterion of large-scale commerical software, the architect design and implementation of gas pipe network simulation engine are completed with the compressive application of the design concept based-on pattern-oriented, the design technology of architect, OOD and OOP.
(2) All topological structure of gas pipe network is described effectively by digraph. On this basis, the topological sorting sequence, the collection of branch nodes and branches, the identification of externals, the validation of pipe network model's availability.
(3) The method and steps on establiment of large-scale gas pipe network are studied. The numerical form of pipeleg and other pipeline elements are presented.
(4) The key technologies involved in the solution on numerical system of large-scale gas pipe network are studied. It is presented that the comprehensive application on strategy of frog-leg and upwind. It is also showed that the process of initial status.
(5) It is presented thoroughly that the problem on the dynamic simulation of compressor. The steady process on starting and stopping of compressor are implemented by applying the strategy named "delay jitter". The method and steps on dynamic simulation of compressor are illustrated.
(6) The orthogonal test is applied to accomplish the overall test on simulation engine and find out the bottleneck of simulation engine's performance.
(7) Taking WestEast natural gas transmission project for example, the computational accuracy, computational efficiency and usability are show by contrasting the dynamic simulation results of this software and SPS,and this simulation software is very valuable in engineering practice.
引文
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