基于介电频谱特性的低压橡胶绝缘电缆老化程度评估方法研究
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摘要
电缆在电力系统中承担着输送电能的重要作用,电缆绝缘材料老化状态直接影响用电设备的使用安全和电力系统运行可靠性,因此对于电缆绝缘状态检测技术的研究逐渐受到了广泛的重视。本文对橡胶绝缘低压电缆进行了单因素和多因素的加速老化分析,结合介电频谱特性测量,提出了一种可在低压电缆上应用的无损检测方法。通过该方法建立了低压电缆绝缘老化方程,并应用人工神经网络优化分析低压电缆老化状态。本文提出的无损检测方法可应用于低压电缆状态评估,对保障电缆安全运行具有实际应用意义。
论文详细地研究了橡胶绝缘低压电缆损耗的老化机理,指出了影响绝缘材料老化的典型因素。针对绝缘材料老化特征分析了常用诊断方法的优缺点和诊断的重点。根据电缆结构分析建立了等效结构模型和电缆老化模型,计算不同等效模型中与绝缘性能相关的电气参数。论述了介电频谱检测方法的原理和特点,分析了介电频谱检测参数(介质损耗角正切值)的测量特性和影响测量结果的主要因素。
针对橡胶绝缘低压电缆设计了加速热老化试验和浸水热老化试验,获取不同老化情况下的试样。测量了试样的介电频谱曲线,对比分析了介电频谱曲线与机械性能曲线、化学性能曲线的内在联系,得到了整个测量区间内介电频谱曲线与绝缘材料劣化性能密切相关的敏感区间。确定了低频敏感区间为10-2。Hz-1Hz分析得到了该区间内介电频谱曲线的积分特性。结果表明了介电频谱积分特征值具有明显的温度特性,并与机械性能参数的变化规律相同。通过浸水老化试验,得到了在水分存在下介电频谱曲线与绝缘材料内部含水量及老化特性之间的关系。试验结果表明了介电频谱低频敏感区间积分值更好地反映了绝缘材料的劣化程度和含水量情况,为构建基于介电频谱特性的热老化方程打下基础。
在加速热老化试验的基础上,选取介电频谱低频区间积分值作为推导老化状态方程的特征值。选取了基准温度后,推导了其他老化温度下的时间折算因数,得到温度的折算方法；通过拟合基准温度下介电频谱低频区间积分值数据得到老化趋势方程,再与折算方法综合分析得出绝缘材料老化方程。推导分析出多因素互相影响函数并修正了老化方程,进而推出材料的多因素老化状态。理论分析和实际测量结果表明,介电频谱低频区间积分值具有良好的测量准确性和检测效果,电缆实际运行数据也验证了老化方程的有效性。
由于低压电缆敷设的环境,利用人工神经网络的良好预测特性分析电缆现场敷设的复杂环境,修正了介电频谱的老化方程中多因素的影响并统计分析了线芯温度。建立了三层BP人工神经网络,利用Matlab软件预测人工神经网络的输出数据,并结合原始测量数据得到训练误差,根据训练误差来推断了老化特征值的有效性和线芯温度的准确性。结果表明,人工神经网络训练后介电频谱域低频区间积分值有效地反映出橡胶绝缘低压电缆老化程度,准确预测了线芯温度。
基于介电频谱低频区间特征值的橡胶绝缘低压电缆评估方法,有效地反映出了绝缘材料的老化特征,定量的分析出了绝缘材料的老化状态,为低压电缆现场老化评估工作提供了一种可应用的无损测量方法。
The low-voltage cables play an important role in transporting energy in power system; the degradation of insulation directly affects the safety of electrical equipment and maintains stable operation of power system, so that it has great application value and widespread attention for the research of detection degradation cable insulation. In this paper, combined with the characteristics of frequency domain spectroscopy, a new diagnostic method called nondestructive detection was proposed based on the analysis of single-factor and multi-factor accelerated thermal aging test for low-voltage cables. The aging equation of insulation was built by this method, and the degradation of low-voltage cables was analyzed by using neural network. This nondestructive method could apply to detect the condition of low-voltage cables, which had practical significance for protecting safety.
In this paper, the aging mechanism of low-power cables had been studied in detail, and the typical aging factors were pointed out in the process of aged insulation. Contrary to aging characteristics of insulation materials, the advantages and focus of the commonest diagnostic methods were discussed. Based on the equivalent structural model and aging model, the electrical parameters within different models were calculated. Meanwhile, this paper introduced the principle and characteristics of frequency dielectric spectroscopy, and analyzed the measurement characteristics and main influencing factors of frequency dielectric spectroscopy.
The cable samples were designed into the accelerated thermal aging and thermal-water aging test, and the samples at different aging condition were obtained, respectively. The frequency domain spectroscopy was mainly measured and compared with mechanical and chemical curves to find out internal relation, and the sensitive measurement range went hand in hand with degradation was obtained. The sensitive range of low frequency was determined from10-2Hz to1Hz, and the integral characteristics of frequency domain spectroscopy were analyzed. The results showed that the integral values of frequency domain spectroscopy had obviously temperature characteristics which were in accordance with the regulation of mechanical properties. Through by thermal-water aging testing, the relationship between degradation and frequency domain spectroscopy was estimated. The results showed that the integral values of frequency domain spectroscopy were better responded the degradation and moisture content of insulation lay a foundation for the thermal aging model foundation of frequency domain spectroscopy.
By analyzing the experimental data of thermal aging testing, the integral values were chosen as the characteristics of aging equation. After the reference temperature was selected, the temperature conversion method was obtained by deducing the time multiplicative shift factor with the same characteristics value at different aging temperatures; combined with integral equation of the deterioration tendency under reference temperature, the aging model of integral of frequency domain spectroscopy was derived by comprehensively analyzing with temperature conversion. And then, the mutual influence function of multi-factor was derived and the aging equation was fixed. Theoretical analysis and measurement results showed that the method of dielectric spectroscopy in low frequency was accurate and had good prediction, and the effectiveness of aging equation was checked by the actual operation data.
Due to the environment of low-voltage cables, complex environment factors were analyzed by using artificial neural network with good prediction, and the effection of multi-aging-factor of accelerated aging model and conductor temperature were built. The feed forward neural network with back propagation error of three-layer was proposed, and the predicted data was measured and analyzed by Matlab on the basis of measurement. According to measurement errors, the effectiveness of aging characteristics and the veracity of conductor temperature were deduced. The results proved that the frequency domain spectroscopy which was trained by Artificial Neural Network effectively reflected the degradation and accurately predicted the conductor temperature.
The method was based on frequency dielectric spectroscopy at low frequency range to assess the degradation of low-voltage cables, can effectively reflect the aging characteristics, and quantitatively analyze the aging condition of low-voltage cables with rubber insulation, so that this nondestructive detection method can be applied to estimate low-voltage cables in field.
论文详细地研究了橡胶绝缘低压电缆损耗的老化机理,指出了影响绝缘材料老化的典型因素。针对绝缘材料老化特征分析了常用诊断方法的优缺点和诊断的重点。根据电缆结构分析建立了等效结构模型和电缆老化模型,计算不同等效模型中与绝缘性能相关的电气参数。论述了介电频谱检测方法的原理和特点,分析了介电频谱检测参数(介质损耗角正切值)的测量特性和影响测量结果的主要因素。
针对橡胶绝缘低压电缆设计了加速热老化试验和浸水热老化试验,获取不同老化情况下的试样。测量了试样的介电频谱曲线,对比分析了介电频谱曲线与机械性能曲线、化学性能曲线的内在联系,得到了整个测量区间内介电频谱曲线与绝缘材料劣化性能密切相关的敏感区间。确定了低频敏感区间为10-2。Hz-1Hz分析得到了该区间内介电频谱曲线的积分特性。结果表明了介电频谱积分特征值具有明显的温度特性,并与机械性能参数的变化规律相同。通过浸水老化试验,得到了在水分存在下介电频谱曲线与绝缘材料内部含水量及老化特性之间的关系。试验结果表明了介电频谱低频敏感区间积分值更好地反映了绝缘材料的劣化程度和含水量情况,为构建基于介电频谱特性的热老化方程打下基础。
在加速热老化试验的基础上,选取介电频谱低频区间积分值作为推导老化状态方程的特征值。选取了基准温度后,推导了其他老化温度下的时间折算因数,得到温度的折算方法；通过拟合基准温度下介电频谱低频区间积分值数据得到老化趋势方程,再与折算方法综合分析得出绝缘材料老化方程。推导分析出多因素互相影响函数并修正了老化方程,进而推出材料的多因素老化状态。理论分析和实际测量结果表明,介电频谱低频区间积分值具有良好的测量准确性和检测效果,电缆实际运行数据也验证了老化方程的有效性。
由于低压电缆敷设的环境,利用人工神经网络的良好预测特性分析电缆现场敷设的复杂环境,修正了介电频谱的老化方程中多因素的影响并统计分析了线芯温度。建立了三层BP人工神经网络,利用Matlab软件预测人工神经网络的输出数据,并结合原始测量数据得到训练误差,根据训练误差来推断了老化特征值的有效性和线芯温度的准确性。结果表明,人工神经网络训练后介电频谱域低频区间积分值有效地反映出橡胶绝缘低压电缆老化程度,准确预测了线芯温度。
基于介电频谱低频区间特征值的橡胶绝缘低压电缆评估方法,有效地反映出了绝缘材料的老化特征,定量的分析出了绝缘材料的老化状态,为低压电缆现场老化评估工作提供了一种可应用的无损测量方法。
The low-voltage cables play an important role in transporting energy in power system; the degradation of insulation directly affects the safety of electrical equipment and maintains stable operation of power system, so that it has great application value and widespread attention for the research of detection degradation cable insulation. In this paper, combined with the characteristics of frequency domain spectroscopy, a new diagnostic method called nondestructive detection was proposed based on the analysis of single-factor and multi-factor accelerated thermal aging test for low-voltage cables. The aging equation of insulation was built by this method, and the degradation of low-voltage cables was analyzed by using neural network. This nondestructive method could apply to detect the condition of low-voltage cables, which had practical significance for protecting safety.
In this paper, the aging mechanism of low-power cables had been studied in detail, and the typical aging factors were pointed out in the process of aged insulation. Contrary to aging characteristics of insulation materials, the advantages and focus of the commonest diagnostic methods were discussed. Based on the equivalent structural model and aging model, the electrical parameters within different models were calculated. Meanwhile, this paper introduced the principle and characteristics of frequency dielectric spectroscopy, and analyzed the measurement characteristics and main influencing factors of frequency dielectric spectroscopy.
The cable samples were designed into the accelerated thermal aging and thermal-water aging test, and the samples at different aging condition were obtained, respectively. The frequency domain spectroscopy was mainly measured and compared with mechanical and chemical curves to find out internal relation, and the sensitive measurement range went hand in hand with degradation was obtained. The sensitive range of low frequency was determined from10-2Hz to1Hz, and the integral characteristics of frequency domain spectroscopy were analyzed. The results showed that the integral values of frequency domain spectroscopy had obviously temperature characteristics which were in accordance with the regulation of mechanical properties. Through by thermal-water aging testing, the relationship between degradation and frequency domain spectroscopy was estimated. The results showed that the integral values of frequency domain spectroscopy were better responded the degradation and moisture content of insulation lay a foundation for the thermal aging model foundation of frequency domain spectroscopy.
By analyzing the experimental data of thermal aging testing, the integral values were chosen as the characteristics of aging equation. After the reference temperature was selected, the temperature conversion method was obtained by deducing the time multiplicative shift factor with the same characteristics value at different aging temperatures; combined with integral equation of the deterioration tendency under reference temperature, the aging model of integral of frequency domain spectroscopy was derived by comprehensively analyzing with temperature conversion. And then, the mutual influence function of multi-factor was derived and the aging equation was fixed. Theoretical analysis and measurement results showed that the method of dielectric spectroscopy in low frequency was accurate and had good prediction, and the effectiveness of aging equation was checked by the actual operation data.
Due to the environment of low-voltage cables, complex environment factors were analyzed by using artificial neural network with good prediction, and the effection of multi-aging-factor of accelerated aging model and conductor temperature were built. The feed forward neural network with back propagation error of three-layer was proposed, and the predicted data was measured and analyzed by Matlab on the basis of measurement. According to measurement errors, the effectiveness of aging characteristics and the veracity of conductor temperature were deduced. The results proved that the frequency domain spectroscopy which was trained by Artificial Neural Network effectively reflected the degradation and accurately predicted the conductor temperature.
The method was based on frequency dielectric spectroscopy at low frequency range to assess the degradation of low-voltage cables, can effectively reflect the aging characteristics, and quantitatively analyze the aging condition of low-voltage cables with rubber insulation, so that this nondestructive detection method can be applied to estimate low-voltage cables in field.
引文
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