塔里木盆地草湖北部主要构造运动及其圈闭类型
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摘要
本论文以多学科的理论为指导,在充分利用前人研究成果、钻测井资料、地震资料的基础上,综合运用以石油天然气地质学、地震地层学、构造地质学等基本理论,以构造演化过程及变形特征、断裂精细解释、断裂体系研究为重点、对塔里木盆地草湖凹陷油气地质条件与圈闭类型等问题进行深入研究,着重阐述草湖地区的构造特征及构造演化,取得以下认识:
1.研究区经历了加里东,海西,印支,燕山等多次构造运动,海西早期影响较大,但印支期的影响是最大的,多期构造运动的改造作用导致草湖凹陷复杂的演化过程。
2.在前人研究的基础上,对草湖地区构造特征进行了精细解释,结果显示,草湖地区主要层位现今构造得到了进一步的明确和清晰:①寒武系顶面(T80)现今构造特征表现为:在库尔勒鼻状凸起为由东向西倾没的鼻状凸起,南缘巴里英断裂与草湖凹陷为界,北缘以轮台断裂为界与轮台断凸接触,普惠以东整体表现为一南斜坡;②中奥陶统顶面(T74)现今构造显示北面高、南端低、东西较高、中间较低,发育一系列大型鼻状次凸和一些小型鼻状构造带;③上奥陶统顶面(T70)现今构造总体上表现为西南倾斜坡,主要发育两个东北向鼻状次凸;④志留系顶面(T60)现今构造特征由斜坡转为凹陷,巴里英断层下降盘为凹陷中心,四周向其倾没,向南以波斯坦低梁为边界过渡进入满加尔凹陷;⑤泥盆系东河砂岩顶面(T57)主要分布于草湖凹陷的部分地区,凹陷中心位于草2井-于奇8井一带以东,向东、北两个凸超覆尖灭,向西在于奇区块尖灭形成地层圈闭。
3.断裂特征:草湖地区断裂较为发育,主要为由NWW、近EW和NE-NNE向三组断裂构成。受力方向主要为SN和NE-SW两个方向挤压,为压性、扭压性断裂,断开层位多为主要集中在中生界与前中生界的不整合面上下,包括古生界和中生界构造层。断裂在平面上具有分区发育特点。
4.通过精细解释,本次综合研究后,获得以下新发现和新认识:①发现并确认普惠1井南断裂,是海西-燕山期活动的断裂;②在草湖地区南部,满加尔坳陷的满东Ⅰ区块在Md-N415线上T70不整合面上有志留系的上超现象;③对中下奥陶统顶面(T74)界线有调整,调整后T74-T90层位的厚度更加协调和合理,调整后层位上下反射特征区别明显,之上为前积反射,之下为平行连续反射结构;④根据MD-E348测线T50面剖面分析,三叠系地层存在由南向北的超覆,反映当时北部较高,控制了三叠系地层的沉积,推测当时南边可能有物源。
In this article, with the guide of multidisciplinary theory, on the basis of previous research results, well drilling and logging data and seismic data, using basic theories as petroleum geology, seismic stratigraphy and tectonics, focusing on structural evolution process, deformation feature, fracture interpretation and fracture system, the author studied the geological conditions and trap types of Caohu Depression in Tarim Basin, especially the tectonic evolution and the structural characteristics, and got the achievement below:
1. The area has experienced multiple tectonic movements: Caledonian, Hercynian, Indo-China and Yanshan, in which early Hercynian has great impact on the area, but Indo-Chinese has the largest impact. the reformation of the multiple tectonic movements lead evolutionary process of Caohu area to be complicated.
2. On the basis of previous studies, the structural feature of Caohu area was carefully explained. the result is that the nowadays structure of the main horizon of Caohu Area is more clear:①the nowadays structural feature of the top of the Cambrian(T80) is: in Korla nose it is east to west plunge of the nose-shaped bulge, its southern margin is the Baliying faults and Caohu depression, its northern margin is Luntai faults and contact with Luntai fault bulge, at the east of Puhui it is a southern slop.②the nowadays structural feature of the top of the Middle-Ordovician(T74) shows that it is high in its north, low in its south, high in its east and west, and low in its center. There are a series of large-scale noselike secondary bulge and sone small-scale noselike structural zone.③the nowadays structural feature of the top of the Upper-Ordovician(T70) is that its southwest slope has two northeast direction noselike secondary secondary bulges.④the nowadays structural feature of the top of the Silurian(T60) turns from slop to depression. the center of the depression is the downthrow blok o f Baliying fault, which surrounding descent to the center, and its south is bositan low-beam and then Mangier depression.⑤t he top of the Devonian(T57) east-river sandstones mainly located in some part of Caohu depression, which is to the of well Cao2#-Yuqi8#, and overlap piching out to east and north, pich out to the west and form porosity trap.
3. The feature of faults: the fracture in Caohu area is relatively developed, including NWW, nearly EW and NE-NNE group of faults. On the SN and NE-SW direction there are compression in both directions, which form pression and transpression faults. The breakthrough formations are mostly on the unconformable surface of Mesozoic and ante-Mesozoic, including Palaeozoic and Mesozoic structural layers. The faults grow different in different district in the plane.
4. After interpretation and comprehensive study, new discovery and awareness has been acquired:①t he fault Puhui1# is detected and confirmed, which actived in Haixi-Yanshan period. In the south of the Caohu area, the East-ManjiaerⅠb lock of Mangier depression has onlap phenomenon along Md-N415 line and on T70 unconformable surface, its direction is to the south. The Silurian layers are thinner to the south, which might become onlap trap. It is shown that the ancient-city-ruins uplift in the south of Manjiaer depression is initially formed under the Middle JialidongⅡtectonic action, which has certain control action to its overlying Silurian.③t he boundary line of the top of Middle/Lower Ordovician(T74) has been adjusted. After that, the thickness of T74-T90 layers are more harmonize and proper. the layer's upper and lower reflecance signature are more obvious, the upper is foreset reflection, and the lower is paralleling continuous reflection.④according to the plane analysis of MD-E348 line T50 surface, there is overlap from south to north in the Triassic layers, which shows that the north is higher and control the sedment of Triassic, and there might be souce in the south.
1.研究区经历了加里东,海西,印支,燕山等多次构造运动,海西早期影响较大,但印支期的影响是最大的,多期构造运动的改造作用导致草湖凹陷复杂的演化过程。
2.在前人研究的基础上,对草湖地区构造特征进行了精细解释,结果显示,草湖地区主要层位现今构造得到了进一步的明确和清晰:①寒武系顶面(T80)现今构造特征表现为:在库尔勒鼻状凸起为由东向西倾没的鼻状凸起,南缘巴里英断裂与草湖凹陷为界,北缘以轮台断裂为界与轮台断凸接触,普惠以东整体表现为一南斜坡;②中奥陶统顶面(T74)现今构造显示北面高、南端低、东西较高、中间较低,发育一系列大型鼻状次凸和一些小型鼻状构造带;③上奥陶统顶面(T70)现今构造总体上表现为西南倾斜坡,主要发育两个东北向鼻状次凸;④志留系顶面(T60)现今构造特征由斜坡转为凹陷,巴里英断层下降盘为凹陷中心,四周向其倾没,向南以波斯坦低梁为边界过渡进入满加尔凹陷;⑤泥盆系东河砂岩顶面(T57)主要分布于草湖凹陷的部分地区,凹陷中心位于草2井-于奇8井一带以东,向东、北两个凸超覆尖灭,向西在于奇区块尖灭形成地层圈闭。
3.断裂特征:草湖地区断裂较为发育,主要为由NWW、近EW和NE-NNE向三组断裂构成。受力方向主要为SN和NE-SW两个方向挤压,为压性、扭压性断裂,断开层位多为主要集中在中生界与前中生界的不整合面上下,包括古生界和中生界构造层。断裂在平面上具有分区发育特点。
4.通过精细解释,本次综合研究后,获得以下新发现和新认识:①发现并确认普惠1井南断裂,是海西-燕山期活动的断裂;②在草湖地区南部,满加尔坳陷的满东Ⅰ区块在Md-N415线上T70不整合面上有志留系的上超现象;③对中下奥陶统顶面(T74)界线有调整,调整后T74-T90层位的厚度更加协调和合理,调整后层位上下反射特征区别明显,之上为前积反射,之下为平行连续反射结构;④根据MD-E348测线T50面剖面分析,三叠系地层存在由南向北的超覆,反映当时北部较高,控制了三叠系地层的沉积,推测当时南边可能有物源。
In this article, with the guide of multidisciplinary theory, on the basis of previous research results, well drilling and logging data and seismic data, using basic theories as petroleum geology, seismic stratigraphy and tectonics, focusing on structural evolution process, deformation feature, fracture interpretation and fracture system, the author studied the geological conditions and trap types of Caohu Depression in Tarim Basin, especially the tectonic evolution and the structural characteristics, and got the achievement below:
1. The area has experienced multiple tectonic movements: Caledonian, Hercynian, Indo-China and Yanshan, in which early Hercynian has great impact on the area, but Indo-Chinese has the largest impact. the reformation of the multiple tectonic movements lead evolutionary process of Caohu area to be complicated.
2. On the basis of previous studies, the structural feature of Caohu area was carefully explained. the result is that the nowadays structure of the main horizon of Caohu Area is more clear:①the nowadays structural feature of the top of the Cambrian(T80) is: in Korla nose it is east to west plunge of the nose-shaped bulge, its southern margin is the Baliying faults and Caohu depression, its northern margin is Luntai faults and contact with Luntai fault bulge, at the east of Puhui it is a southern slop.②the nowadays structural feature of the top of the Middle-Ordovician(T74) shows that it is high in its north, low in its south, high in its east and west, and low in its center. There are a series of large-scale noselike secondary bulge and sone small-scale noselike structural zone.③the nowadays structural feature of the top of the Upper-Ordovician(T70) is that its southwest slope has two northeast direction noselike secondary secondary bulges.④the nowadays structural feature of the top of the Silurian(T60) turns from slop to depression. the center of the depression is the downthrow blok o f Baliying fault, which surrounding descent to the center, and its south is bositan low-beam and then Mangier depression.⑤t he top of the Devonian(T57) east-river sandstones mainly located in some part of Caohu depression, which is to the of well Cao2#-Yuqi8#, and overlap piching out to east and north, pich out to the west and form porosity trap.
3. The feature of faults: the fracture in Caohu area is relatively developed, including NWW, nearly EW and NE-NNE group of faults. On the SN and NE-SW direction there are compression in both directions, which form pression and transpression faults. The breakthrough formations are mostly on the unconformable surface of Mesozoic and ante-Mesozoic, including Palaeozoic and Mesozoic structural layers. The faults grow different in different district in the plane.
4. After interpretation and comprehensive study, new discovery and awareness has been acquired:①t he fault Puhui1# is detected and confirmed, which actived in Haixi-Yanshan period. In the south of the Caohu area, the East-ManjiaerⅠb lock of Mangier depression has onlap phenomenon along Md-N415 line and on T70 unconformable surface, its direction is to the south. The Silurian layers are thinner to the south, which might become onlap trap. It is shown that the ancient-city-ruins uplift in the south of Manjiaer depression is initially formed under the Middle JialidongⅡtectonic action, which has certain control action to its overlying Silurian.③t he boundary line of the top of Middle/Lower Ordovician(T74) has been adjusted. After that, the thickness of T74-T90 layers are more harmonize and proper. the layer's upper and lower reflecance signature are more obvious, the upper is foreset reflection, and the lower is paralleling continuous reflection.④according to the plane analysis of MD-E348 line T50 surface, there is overlap from south to north in the Triassic layers, which shows that the north is higher and control the sedment of Triassic, and there might be souce in the south.
引文
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