城市污水脱氮除磷系统PHB和OUR动态监测及应用实验研究
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摘要
本论文主要以小试规模的城市污水脱氮除磷处理系统(A/A/O工艺)为研究对象,进行了耗氧呼吸速率(Oxygen Uptake Rate,简称OUR)和聚羟基丁酸(poly-hydrOxybutyrate,简称PHB)含量的动态监测及监测方法优化研究,建立OUR和PHB含量动态变化与A~2/O系统运行机制的耦合关系;同时,对OUR和PHB两个生化指标与新型脱氮除磷EGSB/A/O工艺的运行进行了初步分析,为城市污水处理厂预警系统的构建奠定基础,对于废水生物处理系统运行状况的科学评价、异常预警及受损修复具有十分重要的意义,可以为城市污水处理厂的长期运行管理提供借鉴与参考。具体内容如下:
A~2/O系统中,温度对PHB的影响是有限的。在17℃-29℃范围内,厌氧池PHB含量随温度的升高而增加,最高温度比最低温度下的活性污泥中PHB的含量约增加4.8mg/gMLSS,大约占其总量的19%左右,表明温度的升高可以促进聚磷菌代谢速率,从而促进PHB的合成。但是,当温度大于30℃时,厌氧池PHB含量下降,污泥发生大量解絮凝现象,系统的运行开始恶化。厌氧池PHB含量随系统F/M的增加而呈上升趋势,PHB的合成量随厌氧释磷量的增加而增加,且二者的变化趋势趋于一致。厌氧池中释磷量的大小与微生物体内PHB的合成存在密切联系。当进水负荷从0.413gBOD_5/gMLSS·d降低为0.176g BOD_5/gMLSS·d时,厌氧池中PHB浓度平均减少约3.8mg/gMLSS,减幅约为16.7%,此时的负荷率已基本能够满足微生物生成PHB的碳源要求。在冲击阶段,聚磷菌活性大大降低,其氧化体内储存的多聚磷酸盐后再储存PHB功能明显减弱,导致进入曝气池中的聚磷菌过量吸磷的能力显著下降。在修复期,高F/M可以促进聚磷菌的增殖,短SRT可以提高聚磷菌的活性,增大负荷和减小SRT的方法对于修复受损的A~2/O系统中聚磷菌的代谢功能上有促进作用,但对有机污染物去除效率造成一定的影响。
A~2/O系统常规OUR的值为7.1-13.3mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h,硝化OUR0.88-2.95mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h。温度对提高活性污泥的OUR有明显作用,硝化OUR的高效区为25℃-33℃,NO_3~--N为9.2-11.0mg/L,提高F/M对OUR有促进作用。在低C/N比冲击下,A~2/O系统中NH_3-N的去除与活性污泥中硝酸细菌及与亚硝酸细菌的氧化作用相关性强。在修复期间,增加曝气池中污泥的浓度才能提高NH_3-N的去除率,通过降低SRT并增加F/M的修复方法可以加快硝化细菌的代谢活性,对提高系统的硝化和亚硝化功能效果明显。
在EAO系统中,EGSB反应池中的PHB含量在8.0mg-9.5mg之间,其COD_(Cr),的去除率平均值在42.1%,反应池中PHB含量与COD_(Cr)的去除率存在负相关性。厌氧池中的PHB含量在8.3mg-9.7mg之间,其COD_(Cr),的去除率平均值在48.6%,亚硝化OUR为1.5-3.1 mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h,硝化OUR为0.2-4.8 mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h,EGSB反应池中硝化OUR为0.2-4.5mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h,亚硝化OUR为0.18-9.6mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h。亚硝化OUR和NO_2~--N显著正相关,亚硝化OUR随NO_2~--N的增加而增加。
通过研究得出PHB和OUR的临界值,厌氧池中PHB的生成量在12.5mg/L-27.8mg/L,硝化OUR在0.8-1.85mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h,亚硝化OUR在1.4-2.3mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h之间,此时系统中COD_(Cr),的去除率和NH_3-N去除率处于最佳状态。通过将系统中的即时PHB和OUR监测值比对临界值,即可以及时的判断系统中COD_(Cr)的去除率与NH_3-N去除率的高低,由此可以快速的判断出系统是否存在异常状况,以便及时的对系统进行合理调控,起到预警指示的作用,具有广泛的应用价值与实际意义。
The paper investigated the dynamical monitoring of OUR and PHB mainly based on the bench-scale urban sewage nitrogen and phosphorus removal treatment system (A/A/O process).The determination of the above two index was optimized. The coupling relationship between the profiles of OUR and PHB and A~2/O system operation mechanism was established. Additionally, the variations of OUR and PHB with the operation of EGSB/A/O process was preliminarily discussed. This study laid the foundation for the construction of the forewarning system of urban sewage plants and was of great significance for scientific assessment, abnormal prediction and damage restoration of the sewage biological treatment system,which could provide some reerence for long-term operation of municipal wastewater treatment plant. Details are as following:
In A~2/O system, the influence of temperature on the PHB was limited. With temperature increasing from 17℃to 29℃,the content of PHB in the anaerobic pond increased and its content in activated sludge in the highest temperature increases about 4.8mg/gMLSS (about 19% of total) more than the one in the lowest temperature. This showed that the increase of temperature can promote the metabolism rate of PAOs, and thus promote the synthesis of PHB. However, when temperature exceeded 30℃,its content in the anaerobic pond decreased and can find the solution and flocculation of a large number of sludge. The operation of the system began to deteriorate.
The content of PHB in anaerobic pool increased with the increase of F/M in system, and the synthesis' number of PHB increased with the increase of the amount of phosphorus releasing by anaerobic pool. And the change of this two tended to be coherent. It has close relationship between the amount of phosphorus releasing by anaerobic pool and the synthesis' number of PHB in micro-organisms. When the load decreased from 0.413 gBOD_5/gMLSS·d to 0.176 gBOD_5/gMLSS·d,the concentration of PHB in anaerobic pool reduced by 3.8 mg/gMLSS in average, rage fading about 16.7%. And this load's rate is basically able to offer the carbon to meet the needs of the micro-organisms to synthesize PHB. In the impact stage, PAO in the aeration tank are less active, which lose the function of storing PHB after oxygenating poly-phosphate in their bodies and thus greatly weaken their ability to absorb phosphorus excessively.In the restoration stage, the high F/M can promote the multiplication of PAO, and short SRT can make them more active, and improve their function of degradation. So the method of increasing the load or reducing SRT can help to accelerate the metabolism of PAO in the damage A~2/O system.
The normal value of OUR was between 7.1 mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h to 13.3 mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h, nitrification OUR was in the range of 0.88-2.95 mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h. The temperature had clear effect on accelerating the activated sludge's OUR. When the efficient temperature for nitrification OUR ranged from 25℃to 33℃and the concentration of NO_3~--N ranged from 9.2 mg /L to 11.0mg/L, increasing F/M promoted OUR. Under the low C/N ratio, the removal of NH_3-N in A~2/O system had strong relationship with the oxygenation function of nitrobacteria and nitrosomas in the activated sludge. In the restoration stage, increasing the concentration of the sludge in aerator tank can promote the removal rate of NH_3-N, and the method of decreasing SRT and increasing the restoration of F/M at the same time can accelerate the metabolism of nitrobacteria which effectively improve the system's function of nitration and nitrosation.
In EAO system, the content of PHB in EGSB reactor was between 8.0mg and 9.5mg and the average value of removal rate of COD_(Cr) was 42.1%. And this two had the negative correlation. When the content of PHB in anaerobic pool was in the range of 8.3mg-9.7mg, the average removal rate of COD_(Cr) was 48.6%, OUR of nitrosation was between 1.5 mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h to 3.1 mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h,nitrification OUR was between 0.2 mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h to 4.8 mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h,and nitration OUR in EGSB was between 0.2 mg(O_2)/gMLSS ? h to 4.5 mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h,nitrosation OUR was between 0.18 mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h to 9.6 mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h, nitrosation OUR had extremely positive correlation with NO_2~--N and nitrosation OUR increases with the increase of NO_2~--N.
PHB and OUR critical value in details: PHB formation in the anaerobic pool was between 12.5-27.8mg/L,nitrification OUR was between 0.8-1.85mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h, nitrosation OUR was between 1.4-2.3mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h ,meantime ,the system COD_(Cr) and NH_3-N removal efficiency was best. By monitoring of PHB and OUR immediate values than the critical value, that is, the system can determine the COD_(Cr) and NH_3-N removal rate is high or low, so can determine quickly whether system was in abnormal conditions,in order to timely and reasonable regulation and control of the system, play a direct role in forewarning, had a great application value and practical significance.
A~2/O系统中,温度对PHB的影响是有限的。在17℃-29℃范围内,厌氧池PHB含量随温度的升高而增加,最高温度比最低温度下的活性污泥中PHB的含量约增加4.8mg/gMLSS,大约占其总量的19%左右,表明温度的升高可以促进聚磷菌代谢速率,从而促进PHB的合成。但是,当温度大于30℃时,厌氧池PHB含量下降,污泥发生大量解絮凝现象,系统的运行开始恶化。厌氧池PHB含量随系统F/M的增加而呈上升趋势,PHB的合成量随厌氧释磷量的增加而增加,且二者的变化趋势趋于一致。厌氧池中释磷量的大小与微生物体内PHB的合成存在密切联系。当进水负荷从0.413gBOD_5/gMLSS·d降低为0.176g BOD_5/gMLSS·d时,厌氧池中PHB浓度平均减少约3.8mg/gMLSS,减幅约为16.7%,此时的负荷率已基本能够满足微生物生成PHB的碳源要求。在冲击阶段,聚磷菌活性大大降低,其氧化体内储存的多聚磷酸盐后再储存PHB功能明显减弱,导致进入曝气池中的聚磷菌过量吸磷的能力显著下降。在修复期,高F/M可以促进聚磷菌的增殖,短SRT可以提高聚磷菌的活性,增大负荷和减小SRT的方法对于修复受损的A~2/O系统中聚磷菌的代谢功能上有促进作用,但对有机污染物去除效率造成一定的影响。
A~2/O系统常规OUR的值为7.1-13.3mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h,硝化OUR0.88-2.95mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h。温度对提高活性污泥的OUR有明显作用,硝化OUR的高效区为25℃-33℃,NO_3~--N为9.2-11.0mg/L,提高F/M对OUR有促进作用。在低C/N比冲击下,A~2/O系统中NH_3-N的去除与活性污泥中硝酸细菌及与亚硝酸细菌的氧化作用相关性强。在修复期间,增加曝气池中污泥的浓度才能提高NH_3-N的去除率,通过降低SRT并增加F/M的修复方法可以加快硝化细菌的代谢活性,对提高系统的硝化和亚硝化功能效果明显。
在EAO系统中,EGSB反应池中的PHB含量在8.0mg-9.5mg之间,其COD_(Cr),的去除率平均值在42.1%,反应池中PHB含量与COD_(Cr)的去除率存在负相关性。厌氧池中的PHB含量在8.3mg-9.7mg之间,其COD_(Cr),的去除率平均值在48.6%,亚硝化OUR为1.5-3.1 mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h,硝化OUR为0.2-4.8 mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h,EGSB反应池中硝化OUR为0.2-4.5mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h,亚硝化OUR为0.18-9.6mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h。亚硝化OUR和NO_2~--N显著正相关,亚硝化OUR随NO_2~--N的增加而增加。
通过研究得出PHB和OUR的临界值,厌氧池中PHB的生成量在12.5mg/L-27.8mg/L,硝化OUR在0.8-1.85mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h,亚硝化OUR在1.4-2.3mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h之间,此时系统中COD_(Cr),的去除率和NH_3-N去除率处于最佳状态。通过将系统中的即时PHB和OUR监测值比对临界值,即可以及时的判断系统中COD_(Cr)的去除率与NH_3-N去除率的高低,由此可以快速的判断出系统是否存在异常状况,以便及时的对系统进行合理调控,起到预警指示的作用,具有广泛的应用价值与实际意义。
The paper investigated the dynamical monitoring of OUR and PHB mainly based on the bench-scale urban sewage nitrogen and phosphorus removal treatment system (A/A/O process).The determination of the above two index was optimized. The coupling relationship between the profiles of OUR and PHB and A~2/O system operation mechanism was established. Additionally, the variations of OUR and PHB with the operation of EGSB/A/O process was preliminarily discussed. This study laid the foundation for the construction of the forewarning system of urban sewage plants and was of great significance for scientific assessment, abnormal prediction and damage restoration of the sewage biological treatment system,which could provide some reerence for long-term operation of municipal wastewater treatment plant. Details are as following:
In A~2/O system, the influence of temperature on the PHB was limited. With temperature increasing from 17℃to 29℃,the content of PHB in the anaerobic pond increased and its content in activated sludge in the highest temperature increases about 4.8mg/gMLSS (about 19% of total) more than the one in the lowest temperature. This showed that the increase of temperature can promote the metabolism rate of PAOs, and thus promote the synthesis of PHB. However, when temperature exceeded 30℃,its content in the anaerobic pond decreased and can find the solution and flocculation of a large number of sludge. The operation of the system began to deteriorate.
The content of PHB in anaerobic pool increased with the increase of F/M in system, and the synthesis' number of PHB increased with the increase of the amount of phosphorus releasing by anaerobic pool. And the change of this two tended to be coherent. It has close relationship between the amount of phosphorus releasing by anaerobic pool and the synthesis' number of PHB in micro-organisms. When the load decreased from 0.413 gBOD_5/gMLSS·d to 0.176 gBOD_5/gMLSS·d,the concentration of PHB in anaerobic pool reduced by 3.8 mg/gMLSS in average, rage fading about 16.7%. And this load's rate is basically able to offer the carbon to meet the needs of the micro-organisms to synthesize PHB. In the impact stage, PAO in the aeration tank are less active, which lose the function of storing PHB after oxygenating poly-phosphate in their bodies and thus greatly weaken their ability to absorb phosphorus excessively.In the restoration stage, the high F/M can promote the multiplication of PAO, and short SRT can make them more active, and improve their function of degradation. So the method of increasing the load or reducing SRT can help to accelerate the metabolism of PAO in the damage A~2/O system.
The normal value of OUR was between 7.1 mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h to 13.3 mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h, nitrification OUR was in the range of 0.88-2.95 mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h. The temperature had clear effect on accelerating the activated sludge's OUR. When the efficient temperature for nitrification OUR ranged from 25℃to 33℃and the concentration of NO_3~--N ranged from 9.2 mg /L to 11.0mg/L, increasing F/M promoted OUR. Under the low C/N ratio, the removal of NH_3-N in A~2/O system had strong relationship with the oxygenation function of nitrobacteria and nitrosomas in the activated sludge. In the restoration stage, increasing the concentration of the sludge in aerator tank can promote the removal rate of NH_3-N, and the method of decreasing SRT and increasing the restoration of F/M at the same time can accelerate the metabolism of nitrobacteria which effectively improve the system's function of nitration and nitrosation.
In EAO system, the content of PHB in EGSB reactor was between 8.0mg and 9.5mg and the average value of removal rate of COD_(Cr) was 42.1%. And this two had the negative correlation. When the content of PHB in anaerobic pool was in the range of 8.3mg-9.7mg, the average removal rate of COD_(Cr) was 48.6%, OUR of nitrosation was between 1.5 mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h to 3.1 mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h,nitrification OUR was between 0.2 mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h to 4.8 mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h,and nitration OUR in EGSB was between 0.2 mg(O_2)/gMLSS ? h to 4.5 mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h,nitrosation OUR was between 0.18 mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h to 9.6 mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h, nitrosation OUR had extremely positive correlation with NO_2~--N and nitrosation OUR increases with the increase of NO_2~--N.
PHB and OUR critical value in details: PHB formation in the anaerobic pool was between 12.5-27.8mg/L,nitrification OUR was between 0.8-1.85mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h, nitrosation OUR was between 1.4-2.3mg(O_2)/gMLSS·h ,meantime ,the system COD_(Cr) and NH_3-N removal efficiency was best. By monitoring of PHB and OUR immediate values than the critical value, that is, the system can determine the COD_(Cr) and NH_3-N removal rate is high or low, so can determine quickly whether system was in abnormal conditions,in order to timely and reasonable regulation and control of the system, play a direct role in forewarning, had a great application value and practical significance.
引文
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