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基础隔震与加层减震结构抗震控制优化设计和试验研究
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摘要
目前,基础隔震结构、“加层减震”(TMD减震)结构正逐步应用于工程实际,由于这两种结构在动力荷载(如地震、风)作用下动力方程中的阻尼矩阵为非经典情形,传统的实模态分析方法(振型分解法)不能使动力方程解耦,因此本文运用复模态分析方法求得了结构在平稳和非平稳随机地震激励下结构随机地震响应的解析表达式,在此基础上进行了基础隔震和TMD减震装置参数的优化分析。对所提出的优化的TMD减震装置参数进行了一个大比例模型的模拟地震振动台试验研究,通过对试验结果的分析验证了理论的正确性。主要内容如下:
     1、对于具有任意非对称质量和刚度矩阵、非经典阻尼矩阵的两自由度二阶动力体系,运用复模态分析方法,得出了该体系在平稳与非平稳随机地震激励下的动力响应及动力可靠度统一解析表达式。
     2、对于在地震作用下的剪切型基础隔震结构和“加层减震”(TMD减震)结构,隔震层上部结构和“加层减震”(TMD减震)结构中的主体结构的反应以第一振型反应为主,因此,仅考虑其第一振型响应,同时附加结构自身所带隔震或减震控制装置,整个系统就成为一个具有任意非对称质量和刚度矩阵、非经典阻尼矩阵的两自由度二阶动力体系。运用该体系复模态分析的统一方法,得到了结构响应及动力可靠度的解析表达式。
     3、在基础隔震结构、“加层减震”(TMD减震)结构随机地震响应解析表达式的基础上,以结构在有、无隔震或TMD减震装置情况下的隔震或减震效果指标(结构位移响应标准差之比)为优化目标函数,对隔震和TMD减震装置的参数取值进行了优化,得出了可应用于工程实际的优化设计方法和一些有用的数据,可应用于指导工程设计。
     4、针对理论分析提出的TMD装置参数的优化取值,进行了TMD减震结构模型在EL Centro地震波和由三角级数模拟法模拟的人工地震波(RGB)作用下的模拟地震振动台试验,试验结果验证了理论的正确性。
     5、提出了以结构最大位移响应的期望值为目标函数,以控制装置反应的动力可靠度为约束条件,运用罚函数法优化求解基础隔震与“加层减震”(TMD减震)结构中隔震装置和减震装置参数的优选方法。
At present, the base-isolation structures and the "adding story and seismic decrease" structures (the TMD seismic decrease structures) are gradually applying in the projects. In the action of dynamic load (e.g. earthquake and wind), because of the damping matrixes of the two structures' motion equations are both non-classical, the dynamic equation can't be decoupled by the traditional real-mode analysis (the mode-superposition method). Though, in this thesis the complex-mode analysis is used to solve the stationary and non-stationary random earthquake response of structures and their analytic expressions are got. On the basis of these expressions, the optimal parameters of the two structures' isolation & seismic decrease equipment are analyzed. In addition to prove the correctness of those optimal parameters, a large-scale shaking table model testing with TMD seismic decrease equipment is conducted. Through the testing a conclusion can be achieved that those parameters we putted are right by analyzing the testing results. The thesis includes the following content:
    1, For a 2-DOF second-order dynamic system that the damping is non-classical and the structure is non-symmetrical, the stationary and non-stationary random earthquake response and the dynamic reliability of the system are got by the use of the complex-mode analysis method.
    2, In the action of earthquake, for the base-isolation structures and the "adding story and seismic decrease" structures (the TMD seismic decrease structures), the response of the upper structure of the base-isolation structure and the main structure of the "adding story and seismic decrease" structures (the TMD seismic decrease structures) is mainly the response of the first-mode. So, only considering the first-mode response and including the isolation & seismic decrease equipment, then the system become a 2-DOF and second-order dynamic system that the damping is non-classical and the structure is non-symmetrical. Using the above method, the analytic expressions of response and dynamic reliability are got.
    3, On the basis of the above analytic expressions, taking the isolation or seismic
    
    
    
    decrease coefficient (the ratio of the standard deviation of the response of structures) as the optimal objective function, the parameters of the isolation and seismic decrease equipment are optimized. An optimal design method and some useful data are achieved and it can be used in the practical project.
    4, For the above optimal parameters, a large-scale shaking table model testing of the TMD seismic decrease structure using the EL Centra earthquake wave and an artificial earthquake wave (RGB) simulated by the trigonometric progression method is conducted. The above theories are approved through the analysis of the testing results.
    5, Under the dynamic reliability constraint of isolation or seismic decrease equipment, taking the mean largest displacement of the main structure as the objective function, an optimal method of the base-isolation structure and the "adding story and seismic decrease" structure (the TMD seismic decrease structure) is brought forward by using the penalty function method to solve the optimal isolation and seismic parameters.
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