木质材料间摩擦性能及其对木结构设计的影响研究
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摘要
进入21世纪以来,木结构建筑在我国各地得到恢复利用且发展迅速,特别是以民居为主要建造对象的轻型木结构建筑更是来势迅猛,但另一方面,与应用相比木结构相关研究却显滞后,很多领域尚处于空白状态,为了尽快掌握这种现代新型建筑的相关技术,急需进行大量的研究工作。
本论文以轻型木结构房屋为研究对象,从木材与其它结构用人造板材相接触的表面摩擦、有／无钉连接时木结构构件间摩擦、剪力墙的地梁板和房屋基础面板间摩擦等三个层面,逐步进行了实验研究和仿真模拟分析,研究中对轻型木结构房屋进行了必要的简化,突出了构件间摩擦关系对木结构安全性的影响。
本论文进行了实体木材试件与各种建筑结构用木质人造板材间的摩擦实验,经过统计分析得到了木材作为结构用材时与其它木质结构材间的实用摩擦系数：木材比重对摩擦系数的影响及相关关系,发现了木材比重与材料间摩擦系数间存在一定的负相关性,即随着木材比重增加,木材与其它材料间摩擦系数呈降低趋势,相关系数在0.7～0.9之间,材料间的摩擦系数在0.2～0.39之间,同一个摩擦副中的动-静摩擦系数比在0.6～0.9之间。本论文进行的实体木材自相交摩擦实验结果表明,在木材-木材摩擦中,木材比重与其摩擦系数的负相关性同样存在,但因为涉及两个不同的木试件,所以需要进行试件比重平均化处理,即木材平均比重与木材间的摩擦系数存在负相关性。
论文进行了轻型木结构房屋实体模型试验,模型的骨架材料是加拿大产SPF(云杉／松／杉)商品材,覆面板及基础面板是日本国产针叶材胶合板(不同规格),实测的平均摩擦系数为0.285(0.2～0.35间变动),考虑到实际木结构房屋与实验室研究环境的条件差异,在工程设计时可以取值0.25进行计算。摩擦阻尼约占全阻尼的1/3～1/2,在进行设计计算时可以增加考虑构件间摩擦力引起的阻尼衰减,以达到精确构件设计可靠性范围的目的。
当剪力墙地梁板与基础面板间的摩擦达到稳定的平衡状态以后,使用连接件前与使用后再去除连接件相比,其摩擦状态无明显改变(即小范围的材料表面缺陷对剪力墙-基础间的摩擦状态无影响)。钉连接的单向和反复荷载试验表明其荷载位移曲线具有高度的非线性、捏缩、强度折减和刚度折减等特性。
本论文根据接触状态下摩擦学原理,建立了轻型木结构构件间的接触摩擦系数数学模型,根据离散单元的思想找到了求解接触摩擦问题的新方法。
本论文建立了基于ANSYS分析软件的简化轻型木结构房屋三维有限元模型,并对该模型在侧向力作用下地梁板-基础面板节点(木材-不同种类的人造板材)进行了计算机仿真模拟,并将仿真结果与实体实验结果进行比较,发现仿真结果能够与实体模型的实验结果相符合,基于此,我们认为所建立合适的三维有限元模型是有效的,该模型的建立方法可以为以后建立完整轻型木结构分析模型提供依据,进而可以实现有限元的仿真模拟代替实体模型的实验研究。
本论文实验部分是在日本进行合作研究时完成的,尽管在选材上以日本北海道地区现行主要建筑材料为研究对象,但试验中所使用的方法完全可以对在我国开展类似研究提供参考,所得出的结论对我国,特别是对我国东北地区地产材的利用具有很高的参考价值。此外,本论文的分析研究方法为确定木材与其它材料间不同摩擦系数提供理论计算依据,为轻型木结构房屋的计算设计、安全优化设计提供了依据。
本论文除了从技术角度研究了木结构研究中的摩擦问题,还从宏观上分析论述了我国发展木结构建筑应当采取的方式策略,提出了在我国发展木结构建筑的一些建议。
In recent years, light wood structure house gradually rise in China, but the correlative research is just beginning, to grasp the new technologies related to the new building structure, it is urgent to learn from the advanced country. In this paper, the solid model of light wood structure house served as the core of study, the author researched the impact of lateral loads on light wood structure house by the methods of testing and simulation analysis from the friction between wood and other structural artificial wood panel, the friction between wood structure components with or without nailing connection, the friction between shear walls and basis of house. Main research contents, methods and conclusions are as follows:
To carry out experiment of friction between solid timber specimens and a variety of artificial wood panel using architecture structures, the friction coefficient of the timber as structure wood through the test was calculated (coefficient is about 0.7-0.9), impact of timber gravity on the friction coefficient and their correlation was found, the result showed a negative correlation, which the friction coefficient is gradually decreasing with increasing of the wood gravity. The ratio of dynamic-static friction coefficient is about 0.6-0.9.
There exists a negative correlation when we carried out the intersection friction experiments (the dynamic-static friction experiment of solid timber specimen and others) during solid woods, but using other materials, the results of experiments isn't significant. The negative correlation became evident, when the specimen gravity was processed by average proportion.
The average friction coefficient of the bottom beam using SPF commercial timber and plywood using conifers is 0.285 (range of 0.2-0.35), the value of friction coefficient can be 0.25 in project design. Friction damping is about half of the total damping. During the design we should consider that the friction between components brought the damping decay, precisely ascertain scope of component reliability.
When the friction between the bottom beam of shear wall and the basic panel attained a stable equilibrium, the friction was little effect before and after using the connectors (negligible). One-way and repeated loading tests about nailing connection showed that the load-displacement curves taken on the characteristics of highly nonlinear, the pinching and shrinking as well as intension reduction and stiffness reduction.
We developed a model for the contact friction coefficient between structure woods based on the friction theory. A novel method was proposed to evaluate the friction coefficient by using the finite element method.
In this thesis, we used model software and finite element analysis software to construct a 3D model of light wood structure house. The model combine finite element theory and friction theory, it can simulate the results of real experiment. We set the real experiment data as the boundary condition for the model system; the prediction is consistent with the real experiment data, so we believe that this model is proper for the mechanical analyze of light wood structure house. We also found that the precision of material character parameters is very important for a good prediction, so how to measure the parameters is a challenge in this research.
This experiment is part of collaborative research in Japan, despite the current popular main construction materials in Japan as the research object, but the test method can provide reference for similar studies in China, the conclusions in the paper has a high reference value for timber utilization in our country, especially in northeast district.
In this paper, except the experiment, the thesis analyzed construction and utilization of the light wooden house in our country and abroad, and to re-launched use of wood, the author put forward views and suggestions.
本论文以轻型木结构房屋为研究对象,从木材与其它结构用人造板材相接触的表面摩擦、有／无钉连接时木结构构件间摩擦、剪力墙的地梁板和房屋基础面板间摩擦等三个层面,逐步进行了实验研究和仿真模拟分析,研究中对轻型木结构房屋进行了必要的简化,突出了构件间摩擦关系对木结构安全性的影响。
本论文进行了实体木材试件与各种建筑结构用木质人造板材间的摩擦实验,经过统计分析得到了木材作为结构用材时与其它木质结构材间的实用摩擦系数：木材比重对摩擦系数的影响及相关关系,发现了木材比重与材料间摩擦系数间存在一定的负相关性,即随着木材比重增加,木材与其它材料间摩擦系数呈降低趋势,相关系数在0.7～0.9之间,材料间的摩擦系数在0.2～0.39之间,同一个摩擦副中的动-静摩擦系数比在0.6～0.9之间。本论文进行的实体木材自相交摩擦实验结果表明,在木材-木材摩擦中,木材比重与其摩擦系数的负相关性同样存在,但因为涉及两个不同的木试件,所以需要进行试件比重平均化处理,即木材平均比重与木材间的摩擦系数存在负相关性。
论文进行了轻型木结构房屋实体模型试验,模型的骨架材料是加拿大产SPF(云杉／松／杉)商品材,覆面板及基础面板是日本国产针叶材胶合板(不同规格),实测的平均摩擦系数为0.285(0.2～0.35间变动),考虑到实际木结构房屋与实验室研究环境的条件差异,在工程设计时可以取值0.25进行计算。摩擦阻尼约占全阻尼的1/3～1/2,在进行设计计算时可以增加考虑构件间摩擦力引起的阻尼衰减,以达到精确构件设计可靠性范围的目的。
当剪力墙地梁板与基础面板间的摩擦达到稳定的平衡状态以后,使用连接件前与使用后再去除连接件相比,其摩擦状态无明显改变(即小范围的材料表面缺陷对剪力墙-基础间的摩擦状态无影响)。钉连接的单向和反复荷载试验表明其荷载位移曲线具有高度的非线性、捏缩、强度折减和刚度折减等特性。
本论文根据接触状态下摩擦学原理,建立了轻型木结构构件间的接触摩擦系数数学模型,根据离散单元的思想找到了求解接触摩擦问题的新方法。
本论文建立了基于ANSYS分析软件的简化轻型木结构房屋三维有限元模型,并对该模型在侧向力作用下地梁板-基础面板节点(木材-不同种类的人造板材)进行了计算机仿真模拟,并将仿真结果与实体实验结果进行比较,发现仿真结果能够与实体模型的实验结果相符合,基于此,我们认为所建立合适的三维有限元模型是有效的,该模型的建立方法可以为以后建立完整轻型木结构分析模型提供依据,进而可以实现有限元的仿真模拟代替实体模型的实验研究。
本论文实验部分是在日本进行合作研究时完成的,尽管在选材上以日本北海道地区现行主要建筑材料为研究对象,但试验中所使用的方法完全可以对在我国开展类似研究提供参考,所得出的结论对我国,特别是对我国东北地区地产材的利用具有很高的参考价值。此外,本论文的分析研究方法为确定木材与其它材料间不同摩擦系数提供理论计算依据,为轻型木结构房屋的计算设计、安全优化设计提供了依据。
本论文除了从技术角度研究了木结构研究中的摩擦问题,还从宏观上分析论述了我国发展木结构建筑应当采取的方式策略,提出了在我国发展木结构建筑的一些建议。
In recent years, light wood structure house gradually rise in China, but the correlative research is just beginning, to grasp the new technologies related to the new building structure, it is urgent to learn from the advanced country. In this paper, the solid model of light wood structure house served as the core of study, the author researched the impact of lateral loads on light wood structure house by the methods of testing and simulation analysis from the friction between wood and other structural artificial wood panel, the friction between wood structure components with or without nailing connection, the friction between shear walls and basis of house. Main research contents, methods and conclusions are as follows:
To carry out experiment of friction between solid timber specimens and a variety of artificial wood panel using architecture structures, the friction coefficient of the timber as structure wood through the test was calculated (coefficient is about 0.7-0.9), impact of timber gravity on the friction coefficient and their correlation was found, the result showed a negative correlation, which the friction coefficient is gradually decreasing with increasing of the wood gravity. The ratio of dynamic-static friction coefficient is about 0.6-0.9.
There exists a negative correlation when we carried out the intersection friction experiments (the dynamic-static friction experiment of solid timber specimen and others) during solid woods, but using other materials, the results of experiments isn't significant. The negative correlation became evident, when the specimen gravity was processed by average proportion.
The average friction coefficient of the bottom beam using SPF commercial timber and plywood using conifers is 0.285 (range of 0.2-0.35), the value of friction coefficient can be 0.25 in project design. Friction damping is about half of the total damping. During the design we should consider that the friction between components brought the damping decay, precisely ascertain scope of component reliability.
When the friction between the bottom beam of shear wall and the basic panel attained a stable equilibrium, the friction was little effect before and after using the connectors (negligible). One-way and repeated loading tests about nailing connection showed that the load-displacement curves taken on the characteristics of highly nonlinear, the pinching and shrinking as well as intension reduction and stiffness reduction.
We developed a model for the contact friction coefficient between structure woods based on the friction theory. A novel method was proposed to evaluate the friction coefficient by using the finite element method.
In this thesis, we used model software and finite element analysis software to construct a 3D model of light wood structure house. The model combine finite element theory and friction theory, it can simulate the results of real experiment. We set the real experiment data as the boundary condition for the model system; the prediction is consistent with the real experiment data, so we believe that this model is proper for the mechanical analyze of light wood structure house. We also found that the precision of material character parameters is very important for a good prediction, so how to measure the parameters is a challenge in this research.
This experiment is part of collaborative research in Japan, despite the current popular main construction materials in Japan as the research object, but the test method can provide reference for similar studies in China, the conclusions in the paper has a high reference value for timber utilization in our country, especially in northeast district.
In this paper, except the experiment, the thesis analyzed construction and utilization of the light wooden house in our country and abroad, and to re-launched use of wood, the author put forward views and suggestions.
引文
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