基于直序扩频的无线网卡研究与设计
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摘要
随着信息时代的到来，无线局域网得到了飞速发展，无线局域网产品的设计得到了国内外相关领域的关注。
无线网卡是实现无线局域网的关键硬件，计算机安装上无线局域网网卡可以共享网络资源，在一定程度上，网卡的性能决定了网络的性能好坏。
无线局域网的标准有几种，其中IEEE802.11标准是最早的，也是应用最广泛的。木文第一章和第二章描述了符合IEEE802.11标准的无线局域网(WLAN)的特点、构件、体系结构、关键技术、网络中各层的帧格式等。其中着重讲述了物理层标准和各项指标。
本文第三章介绍了应用itersil公司的PRISM第二代套片实现网卡的方案。详细讲述了网卡的功能构成、工作原理、从射频到中频到基带的信号处理过程、以及媒体访问控制层(MAC)协议处理方法等。
本文第四章和第五章研究设计实现了无线网卡的物理层扩频通信机，即收／发信机部分，它基本符合IEEE802.11标准。给出了详细的软／硬件设计方案及实现过程，包括从计算机用户端到系统控制端以及具体的信号信息处理过程。系统与计算机之间通过RS232串口交换数据和控制信息。完成的主要工作如下：
1．用Visual C++编写了人机界面，即Windows环境串口通信程序。
2．系统控制部分用单片机和现场可编程逻辑器件(FPGA)来实现，完成了数据的高速传输要求，以及单片机和收／发信机部分的通信协议转换。
3．收／发信机的信号处理部分采用intersil公司生产的专用芯片来实现。包括从基带到中频到射频的转换。
With the coming of information era, the wireless local area network is developing very fast, the design of WLAN products gain the attention of people inland or outland.
The wireless network card is the key hardware of WLAN. The computer installed network card can share the resources of WLAN. To a certain extent, the performance of network card impacts the capacity of WLAN.
WLAN has several standards, of which the IEEE802.11 is the earliest one and is most widely used now. In chapter 1 and 2 the author describes the characters of WLAN and the components of the IEEE802.11 architecture. Some key technologies to form IEEE802.11 and the frame of signal transferred in each WLAN layer are also depicted. The standard and technical guideline of physical layer (PHY) are emphasized.
A blue print of designing a wireless network card is introduced in chapter 3, in which the PRISM II chipset made in intersil co. is adopted. In detail, the author narrates the function and working elements of network card, and the signal processing from baseband to IF to RF, also the protocol process of medium access control (MAC) layer.
In chapter 4 and 5, a PHY communications processor based on direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), that is, the T/R signal processor part in a network card, is designed and realized, which is basically compromise the IEEE802.11 standard. It exchanges data and control information with computer through the serial port-RS232. The main working finished are as follows:
1. Compile a person/computer interface, that is, the serial communications program in Windows environment with Visual C++.
2. The micro-computer and the field programmable gate array(FPGA) realize the control part of this T/R signal processor appealing the high speed transfer request, and the transform of communication protocol between MCU and this signal processor.
3. The data transfer part of this signal processor includes the modulating or demodulating from baseband to IF to RF. Accordingly, the DSSS baseband pro-cessor-HFA3861B, the I/Q Modulator/Demodulator-HFA3783, the RF/IF con-verter-HFA3683A are applied.
无线网卡是实现无线局域网的关键硬件，计算机安装上无线局域网网卡可以共享网络资源，在一定程度上，网卡的性能决定了网络的性能好坏。
无线局域网的标准有几种，其中IEEE802.11标准是最早的，也是应用最广泛的。木文第一章和第二章描述了符合IEEE802.11标准的无线局域网(WLAN)的特点、构件、体系结构、关键技术、网络中各层的帧格式等。其中着重讲述了物理层标准和各项指标。
本文第三章介绍了应用itersil公司的PRISM第二代套片实现网卡的方案。详细讲述了网卡的功能构成、工作原理、从射频到中频到基带的信号处理过程、以及媒体访问控制层(MAC)协议处理方法等。
本文第四章和第五章研究设计实现了无线网卡的物理层扩频通信机，即收／发信机部分，它基本符合IEEE802.11标准。给出了详细的软／硬件设计方案及实现过程，包括从计算机用户端到系统控制端以及具体的信号信息处理过程。系统与计算机之间通过RS232串口交换数据和控制信息。完成的主要工作如下：
1．用Visual C++编写了人机界面，即Windows环境串口通信程序。
2．系统控制部分用单片机和现场可编程逻辑器件(FPGA)来实现，完成了数据的高速传输要求，以及单片机和收／发信机部分的通信协议转换。
3．收／发信机的信号处理部分采用intersil公司生产的专用芯片来实现。包括从基带到中频到射频的转换。
With the coming of information era, the wireless local area network is developing very fast, the design of WLAN products gain the attention of people inland or outland.
The wireless network card is the key hardware of WLAN. The computer installed network card can share the resources of WLAN. To a certain extent, the performance of network card impacts the capacity of WLAN.
WLAN has several standards, of which the IEEE802.11 is the earliest one and is most widely used now. In chapter 1 and 2 the author describes the characters of WLAN and the components of the IEEE802.11 architecture. Some key technologies to form IEEE802.11 and the frame of signal transferred in each WLAN layer are also depicted. The standard and technical guideline of physical layer (PHY) are emphasized.
A blue print of designing a wireless network card is introduced in chapter 3, in which the PRISM II chipset made in intersil co. is adopted. In detail, the author narrates the function and working elements of network card, and the signal processing from baseband to IF to RF, also the protocol process of medium access control (MAC) layer.
In chapter 4 and 5, a PHY communications processor based on direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), that is, the T/R signal processor part in a network card, is designed and realized, which is basically compromise the IEEE802.11 standard. It exchanges data and control information with computer through the serial port-RS232. The main working finished are as follows:
1. Compile a person/computer interface, that is, the serial communications program in Windows environment with Visual C++.
2. The micro-computer and the field programmable gate array(FPGA) realize the control part of this T/R signal processor appealing the high speed transfer request, and the transform of communication protocol between MCU and this signal processor.
3. The data transfer part of this signal processor includes the modulating or demodulating from baseband to IF to RF. Accordingly, the DSSS baseband pro-cessor-HFA3861B, the I/Q Modulator/Demodulator-HFA3783, the RF/IF con-verter-HFA3683A are applied.
引文
[1]张公忠，陈锦章著．当代组网技术．清华大学出版社，2000：14-37页
[2]李棠之等著．通信网络技术．北京：科学技术文献出版社，2000：185-202页，284-330页
[3]Ramjee Prasad著. Cdma For Wireless Personal Communications. Boston.London: Artech House Publisher 1996: 15-36页
[4]查光明，熊贤祚著．扩频通信．西安电子科技大学出版社，1999：1-18页．
[5]戚文芽．程时昕．无线局域网的现状及发展趋势．电信科学．Vol．12 No．9 Sep／1996．
[6]文光斌．无线局域网的发展趋势及应用．互联网世界．2001年第5期．
[7]郭峰，曾兴雯等著．无线局域网．电子工业出版社，1997：7-17页，43-60页
[8]JimGeier著，王群等译．无线局域网．人民邮电出版社，2001：59-82页，87-126页
[9]LAN/MAN Standard Committee of the IEEE Computer Society sponse. Part11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Lay(PHY) Specifications.
[10]刘元安等著．宽带无线接入和无线局域网．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2000：36-46页
[11]Miquel Oliver, Ana Escudero, Joan Borràs. Performance of the CSMA/CA IEEE 802.11 Protocol for Different Physical Layer Implementations
[12]Miquel Oliver, Ana Escudero. Study of different CSMA/CA IEEE 802.11-based implementations. EUNICE 1999 Contribution
[13]李津生，洪佩林著．下一代Internet的网络技术．人民邮电出版社，2001：41-55页
[14]Intersil. Data Sheet. HFA3983. November 2001. File Number 4635.4
[15]Intersil. Data Sheet. HFA3683A. September 2000. File Number 4634.6
[16]Intersil. Data Shect. HFA3753. September 2001. File Number 4633.4
[17]Intersil. Data Sheet. HFA3861B. November 2001. File Number 4816.1
[18]Intersil. Data Sheet. HFA3841. January 2000. File Number 4661.2
[19]田学锋，周予滨著．计算机通信与RS-232接口实用指南．电子工业出版社，1995：18-31页
[20]刘艳玲．采加MAX232实现MCS-51单片机与PC机的通信．天津理工学院学报．1996年6月第15卷第2期
[21]孙涵芳，徐爱卿著．MCS-51／96系列单片机原理及应用．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1999：34-44页
[22]林卫星．基于89C52单片机多功能应用系统．工业控制计算机．2002年15卷第2期
[23]XILINX. XC4000E and XC4000X Series Field Programmable Gate Arrays.
[24]吴江枫，吴启迪．采用FPGA技术设计数字控制电路．航空电子技术．1995年第1期(总78期)
[25]张昌凡，龙永红等著．可编程逻辑器件及VHDL设计技术．华南理工大学出版社，2001：19-75页
[26]王放．现场可编程器件FPGA的原理及应用．兵工自动化．1996年第1期
[27]阎石著．数字电子技术基础．高等教育出版社，1995：432-439页
[28]贾惠波，王重阳．FPGA的配置．测控技术．1996年第15卷第2期
[29]XILINX. XC18V00 Series of In-System Programmable Configuration PROMS. DS026(v2.2)April 4, 2000
[30]曹洪伟，李红霞．先进的ISP技术．计算机与通信技术
[31]李阜，陈小殴．Windows环境下的串口异步通信程序设计．电子技术应用．1997年第2期
[32]陈曙光．利用通信控件开发Windows环境下的串口通信程序．淮北煤师院学报．2000年3月第21卷第1期
[2]李棠之等著．通信网络技术．北京：科学技术文献出版社，2000：185-202页，284-330页
[3]Ramjee Prasad著. Cdma For Wireless Personal Communications. Boston.London: Artech House Publisher 1996: 15-36页
[4]查光明，熊贤祚著．扩频通信．西安电子科技大学出版社，1999：1-18页．
[5]戚文芽．程时昕．无线局域网的现状及发展趋势．电信科学．Vol．12 No．9 Sep／1996．
[6]文光斌．无线局域网的发展趋势及应用．互联网世界．2001年第5期．
[7]郭峰，曾兴雯等著．无线局域网．电子工业出版社，1997：7-17页，43-60页
[8]JimGeier著，王群等译．无线局域网．人民邮电出版社，2001：59-82页，87-126页
[9]LAN/MAN Standard Committee of the IEEE Computer Society sponse. Part11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Lay(PHY) Specifications.
[10]刘元安等著．宽带无线接入和无线局域网．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2000：36-46页
[11]Miquel Oliver, Ana Escudero, Joan Borràs. Performance of the CSMA/CA IEEE 802.11 Protocol for Different Physical Layer Implementations
[12]Miquel Oliver, Ana Escudero. Study of different CSMA/CA IEEE 802.11-based implementations. EUNICE 1999 Contribution
[13]李津生，洪佩林著．下一代Internet的网络技术．人民邮电出版社，2001：41-55页
[14]Intersil. Data Sheet. HFA3983. November 2001. File Number 4635.4
[15]Intersil. Data Sheet. HFA3683A. September 2000. File Number 4634.6
[16]Intersil. Data Shect. HFA3753. September 2001. File Number 4633.4
[17]Intersil. Data Sheet. HFA3861B. November 2001. File Number 4816.1
[18]Intersil. Data Sheet. HFA3841. January 2000. File Number 4661.2
[19]田学锋，周予滨著．计算机通信与RS-232接口实用指南．电子工业出版社，1995：18-31页
[20]刘艳玲．采加MAX232实现MCS-51单片机与PC机的通信．天津理工学院学报．1996年6月第15卷第2期
[21]孙涵芳，徐爱卿著．MCS-51／96系列单片机原理及应用．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1999：34-44页
[22]林卫星．基于89C52单片机多功能应用系统．工业控制计算机．2002年15卷第2期
[23]XILINX. XC4000E and XC4000X Series Field Programmable Gate Arrays.
[24]吴江枫，吴启迪．采用FPGA技术设计数字控制电路．航空电子技术．1995年第1期(总78期)
[25]张昌凡，龙永红等著．可编程逻辑器件及VHDL设计技术．华南理工大学出版社，2001：19-75页
[26]王放．现场可编程器件FPGA的原理及应用．兵工自动化．1996年第1期
[27]阎石著．数字电子技术基础．高等教育出版社，1995：432-439页
[28]贾惠波，王重阳．FPGA的配置．测控技术．1996年第15卷第2期
[29]XILINX. XC18V00 Series of In-System Programmable Configuration PROMS. DS026(v2.2)April 4, 2000
[30]曹洪伟，李红霞．先进的ISP技术．计算机与通信技术
[31]李阜，陈小殴．Windows环境下的串口异步通信程序设计．电子技术应用．1997年第2期
[32]陈曙光．利用通信控件开发Windows环境下的串口通信程序．淮北煤师院学报．2000年3月第21卷第1期