基于嵌入式系统μC/OS-Ⅱ的IP智能终端设计与实现
摘要
数字化语音教室解决方案需要H.323四个组件中至少三个组件支持。其中网守是整个语音教室的管理者，提供4种基本服务：地址翻译、带宽控制、许可控制与区管理功能。承担学生终端上用户的注册、登记、带宽分配和数据库接口等工作。多点控制单元(MCU)是多个终端之间同时通信时的协议控制系统，其中包括多点处理器(MP)和多点控制器(MC)。MP把各学生终端发来的音频信号分别处理后混合回送到发出的端点以便体现会议的氛围。MC提供多点通信的控制功能，确定终端间的通信模式。学生终端即基于μC／OS-Ⅱ的IP智能终端，通过双绞线与交换机实现和教师机的物理连接。终端配置的A／D、D／A模块和实时实现的语音编解码算法使系统具有模拟语音教室不可能达到的专业级音质。本课题研究并设计了其中的两个H.323组件——多点控制单元和基于μC／OS-Ⅱ的IP智能终端。
多点控制单元运行在教师机上，根据教学管理要求改变学生终端的逻辑联结，实现系统在广播、对话、分组讨论、点播收听等状态之间切换。H.323的MCU需做重大调整才能适合语音教师的具体应用。本课题在全面分析H.323协议的基础上对MCU源代码进行必要的扩充，在Linux平台上编译通过，实现了语音教室的广播教学、任意学生分组讨论、自由点播音频资料及学生电子举手提问等大多数功能。
学生终端硬件采用TI双核处理器TMS320VC5471。在单片上集成一个16位定点DSP(100MIPS)和一个32位的RISC处理器ARM7TDMI。
太原理工大学硕士论文
结合片上以太网链路层媒体访问控制器(MAC)、嵌人林C10S一n操作系
统和TcP/IP协议栈后构成基于林C/0s一n的IP智能终端。研究中细致分析
了TMS32OvC5471开发板中所有资源的特征，设计了系统的初始化程序。
剖析了嵌人式操作系统林C10s一n的全部C代码，针对目标处理器编写了
05一PU一05工PU‘A.C、05一PUesA.ASM三个移植程序;完成了目
标处理器汇编语言过程的设计和调试。在CCS开发平台上进行混合编译、
链接，使林C10s一n与系统的初始化源代码无缝结合为一个整体成功地运
行在开发板上。在此基础上扩充了Tcp月P协议栈和人机接口驱动程序如
声音拍、键盘、液晶显示和以太网收发器等，最终实现了H.323的终端
组件。该组件也可用作IP电话终端、基于IP的远程控制器等场合。
The project of digital speech classroom needs at least three components of the H.323. The gatekeeper is the handler of the whole speech classroom, which provides four basic services: address translation, bandwidth control, admission control and zone management. It is in charge of user's login, registration, bandwidth distribution and database interface etc. on the student terminal. Multipoint Control Unit support conferences between three or more endpoints in a multipoint conference. It shall consist of an MC and zero or more MPs. MP processes audio signals respectively which comes from the student terminals and returns their mixing to the original terminal, which shows the atmosphere of the conference. MC provides the control function of multipoint communication and selects the communication mode. Student Terminal is an IP intelligent terminal based on μC/OS-II, which can be connected with teacher computer, and Switch though twisted-pair. It makes the acoustics of the system more perfect because real-time i
mplementation of speech coder algorithm in the DSP. This paper studies and designs two H.323 components: MCU and Based-μC/OS-II IP intelligent terminal.
MCU run in teacher computer which changes the logic connections of the student terminal according to the requirement of teaching administration, and to implement state switching such as broadcast, dialog, group discussion and order broadcasting etc. MCU in H.323 must be adjusted greatly to adapt
to the special application in speech classroom. In this paper, the MCU source code is enlarged necessarily and compiled on Linux platform to pass after analyzing the H.323 protocol generally. It implements most of functions such as the broadcasting teaching, random teaching group discussion, audio order program freely and electric system of inquiry etc.
Student terminal adopts TI dual-core processor TMS320VC5471, which integrates a 16-bit fixed point DSP (100MIPS) subsystem and 32-bit RISC micro-controller subsystem. Media access control (MAC) on Ethernet linker layer,μC/OS-II operation system and TCP/IP protocol are embedded in this chip, which compose the IP intelligent terminal. In the research, The system Boot procedure is designed after analyzing all the characteristics of the TMS320VC5471 EVM. OS_CPU.H, OS_CPU_A.C, OS_CPU_A.ASM of these three procedures are programmed according to the EVM after studying all the C cores in the μC/OS-H Design and debug of the assembly language about the target processor are implemented. By CCS development platform mixing compile and link technique,μC/OS-II is integrate with initialization source codes of system into a full apply. TCP/IP protocol and interface drivers are enlarged such as audio I/O, Keyboard, LCD and Ethernet Transceivers etc. Ultimately, based on all the above works, H.323 terminal modules on the IP ter
minals are implemented. These modules can be used in IP phone terminal and distance controller terminal based on IP etc.
多点控制单元运行在教师机上，根据教学管理要求改变学生终端的逻辑联结，实现系统在广播、对话、分组讨论、点播收听等状态之间切换。H.323的MCU需做重大调整才能适合语音教师的具体应用。本课题在全面分析H.323协议的基础上对MCU源代码进行必要的扩充，在Linux平台上编译通过，实现了语音教室的广播教学、任意学生分组讨论、自由点播音频资料及学生电子举手提问等大多数功能。
学生终端硬件采用TI双核处理器TMS320VC5471。在单片上集成一个16位定点DSP(100MIPS)和一个32位的RISC处理器ARM7TDMI。
太原理工大学硕士论文
结合片上以太网链路层媒体访问控制器(MAC)、嵌人林C10S一n操作系
统和TcP/IP协议栈后构成基于林C/0s一n的IP智能终端。研究中细致分析
了TMS32OvC5471开发板中所有资源的特征，设计了系统的初始化程序。
剖析了嵌人式操作系统林C10s一n的全部C代码，针对目标处理器编写了
05一PU一05工PU‘A.C、05一PUesA.ASM三个移植程序;完成了目
标处理器汇编语言过程的设计和调试。在CCS开发平台上进行混合编译、
链接，使林C10s一n与系统的初始化源代码无缝结合为一个整体成功地运
行在开发板上。在此基础上扩充了Tcp月P协议栈和人机接口驱动程序如
声音拍、键盘、液晶显示和以太网收发器等，最终实现了H.323的终端
组件。该组件也可用作IP电话终端、基于IP的远程控制器等场合。
The project of digital speech classroom needs at least three components of the H.323. The gatekeeper is the handler of the whole speech classroom, which provides four basic services: address translation, bandwidth control, admission control and zone management. It is in charge of user's login, registration, bandwidth distribution and database interface etc. on the student terminal. Multipoint Control Unit support conferences between three or more endpoints in a multipoint conference. It shall consist of an MC and zero or more MPs. MP processes audio signals respectively which comes from the student terminals and returns their mixing to the original terminal, which shows the atmosphere of the conference. MC provides the control function of multipoint communication and selects the communication mode. Student Terminal is an IP intelligent terminal based on μC/OS-II, which can be connected with teacher computer, and Switch though twisted-pair. It makes the acoustics of the system more perfect because real-time i
mplementation of speech coder algorithm in the DSP. This paper studies and designs two H.323 components: MCU and Based-μC/OS-II IP intelligent terminal.
MCU run in teacher computer which changes the logic connections of the student terminal according to the requirement of teaching administration, and to implement state switching such as broadcast, dialog, group discussion and order broadcasting etc. MCU in H.323 must be adjusted greatly to adapt
to the special application in speech classroom. In this paper, the MCU source code is enlarged necessarily and compiled on Linux platform to pass after analyzing the H.323 protocol generally. It implements most of functions such as the broadcasting teaching, random teaching group discussion, audio order program freely and electric system of inquiry etc.
Student terminal adopts TI dual-core processor TMS320VC5471, which integrates a 16-bit fixed point DSP (100MIPS) subsystem and 32-bit RISC micro-controller subsystem. Media access control (MAC) on Ethernet linker layer,μC/OS-II operation system and TCP/IP protocol are embedded in this chip, which compose the IP intelligent terminal. In the research, The system Boot procedure is designed after analyzing all the characteristics of the TMS320VC5471 EVM. OS_CPU.H, OS_CPU_A.C, OS_CPU_A.ASM of these three procedures are programmed according to the EVM after studying all the C cores in the μC/OS-H Design and debug of the assembly language about the target processor are implemented. By CCS development platform mixing compile and link technique,μC/OS-II is integrate with initialization source codes of system into a full apply. TCP/IP protocol and interface drivers are enlarged such as audio I/O, Keyboard, LCD and Ethernet Transceivers etc. Ultimately, based on all the above works, H.323 terminal modules on the IP ter
minals are implemented. These modules can be used in IP phone terminal and distance controller terminal based on IP etc.
引文
[1] W.E.Witowsky, IP Telephone Design and Implementation Issues, 1998
[2] [美]Paul Peerry著，陈向群等译，多媒体开发指南，清华大学出版社，1995
[3] SPECTRUM DIGITAL, INC, TMS320VC5470/5471 Evaluation Module Technical Reference,2003, 506027-0001 Rev.B
[4] TMS320VC5471 Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor, Data Manual,2001
[5] TI, TMS320VC5402 DSP Applications Guide, 2000
[6] Intel, LXT971A datasheet, 2002.8
[7] Intel, DA28F640J5 datasheet, 2002.4.23
[8] Hynix, HY57V281620A datasheet, 2001.8
[9] ISSI, IS61LV12816 datasheet,2002.2
[10] 华恒网络技术有限公司. http://www.hhcn.com
[11] Hypertext Transfer Protocol-HTTP/1.1. RFC2068.1997
[12] ITU-T Recommendation H.323 Draft V4 Packet-based multimedia communications systems, ITU-T, 2000
[13] http://www.itu.com
[14] 舒华英，赖平漳等编著，IP电话技术及其应用，人民邮电出版社．1999
[15] 唐昆，可供数字移动通信系统应用的语音编码，电信科学，1991．4
[16] ITU-T Recommendation H.245 V7 Control protocol for multimedia
communications,ITU-T, 2000
[17]ITU-T Recommendation H.225 Media Stream Packetization and Synchronization on Non-Guaranteed Quality of Service LANs, ITU-T, 1996
[18]ITU-T Recommendation H.225.0 ANNEX G-Communication Between Administrative Domains, ITU-T, 1999
[19]http://www.openh323.org
[20]张明德，王永东编著，视频会议系统原理与应用，北京希望电子出版社，1998
[21]糜正琨编著，IP网络电话技术，人民邮电出版社，2000
[22]邹思轶主编，嵌入式Linux设计与应用，清华大学出版社，2002．1
[23]邵贝贝，μC/OS-Ⅱ——源码公开的实时嵌入式操作系统，北京：中国电力出版社，2001
[24]TI, TMS320VC547x CPU and Peripherals Reference Guide, 2001
[25]TI, TMS320VC5471 Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor Data Manual,2001
[26]http://www.ucos-ii.com
[27]TOM SWAN著，邱仲潘译，深入学习：GNU C++for Linux编程技术，电子工业出版社，2000．9
[28]韩少华，陈健，傅丰林，多路音频模拟接口芯片TLV320AIC10与DSP串行通信的设计与实现，电子产品世界，2002
[29]王昌宁主编，嵌入式系统设计与实例开发，清华大学出版社，2001．9
[30]田苗英编著，UCOS-Ⅱ在处理器上移植，北京航空航天出版社，2003．1
[31]马忠梅等，ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础，北京航空航天出版社，2002．1
[32]http://www.zlgmcu.com/philips/philips-embedsys.asp
[33]TI, TMS320C54x DSP Application Guide. 1999.
[34]http://www.ti.com
[35]Jean J.Labrosse著，袁勤勇，黄绍金，唐青译，嵌入式系统系统构件，机械工业出版社，2000．4
[36]韩少华，陈健，傅丰林，多路音频模拟接口芯片TLV320AIC10与DSP串行通信的设计与实现，电子产品世界，2002．9．B
[37]精英科技编著，视频压缩和音频压缩技术，中国电力出版社，2001
[38]何希顺，张跃，何荣森，嵌人式系统中的JTAG接口编程技术，电子技术应用，2002．12
[39]桑楠著，嵌入式系统原理及应用开发技术，北京航空航天出版社，2002
[2] [美]Paul Peerry著，陈向群等译，多媒体开发指南，清华大学出版社，1995
[3] SPECTRUM DIGITAL, INC, TMS320VC5470/5471 Evaluation Module Technical Reference,2003, 506027-0001 Rev.B
[4] TMS320VC5471 Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor, Data Manual,2001
[5] TI, TMS320VC5402 DSP Applications Guide, 2000
[6] Intel, LXT971A datasheet, 2002.8
[7] Intel, DA28F640J5 datasheet, 2002.4.23
[8] Hynix, HY57V281620A datasheet, 2001.8
[9] ISSI, IS61LV12816 datasheet,2002.2
[10] 华恒网络技术有限公司. http://www.hhcn.com
[11] Hypertext Transfer Protocol-HTTP/1.1. RFC2068.1997
[12] ITU-T Recommendation H.323 Draft V4 Packet-based multimedia communications systems, ITU-T, 2000
[13] http://www.itu.com
[14] 舒华英，赖平漳等编著，IP电话技术及其应用，人民邮电出版社．1999
[15] 唐昆，可供数字移动通信系统应用的语音编码，电信科学，1991．4
[16] ITU-T Recommendation H.245 V7 Control protocol for multimedia
communications,ITU-T, 2000
[17]ITU-T Recommendation H.225 Media Stream Packetization and Synchronization on Non-Guaranteed Quality of Service LANs, ITU-T, 1996
[18]ITU-T Recommendation H.225.0 ANNEX G-Communication Between Administrative Domains, ITU-T, 1999
[19]http://www.openh323.org
[20]张明德，王永东编著，视频会议系统原理与应用，北京希望电子出版社，1998
[21]糜正琨编著，IP网络电话技术，人民邮电出版社，2000
[22]邹思轶主编，嵌入式Linux设计与应用，清华大学出版社，2002．1
[23]邵贝贝，μC/OS-Ⅱ——源码公开的实时嵌入式操作系统，北京：中国电力出版社，2001
[24]TI, TMS320VC547x CPU and Peripherals Reference Guide, 2001
[25]TI, TMS320VC5471 Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor Data Manual,2001
[26]http://www.ucos-ii.com
[27]TOM SWAN著，邱仲潘译，深入学习：GNU C++for Linux编程技术，电子工业出版社，2000．9
[28]韩少华，陈健，傅丰林，多路音频模拟接口芯片TLV320AIC10与DSP串行通信的设计与实现，电子产品世界，2002
[29]王昌宁主编，嵌入式系统设计与实例开发，清华大学出版社，2001．9
[30]田苗英编著，UCOS-Ⅱ在处理器上移植，北京航空航天出版社，2003．1
[31]马忠梅等，ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础，北京航空航天出版社，2002．1
[32]http://www.zlgmcu.com/philips/philips-embedsys.asp
[33]TI, TMS320C54x DSP Application Guide. 1999.
[34]http://www.ti.com
[35]Jean J.Labrosse著，袁勤勇，黄绍金，唐青译，嵌入式系统系统构件，机械工业出版社，2000．4
[36]韩少华，陈健，傅丰林，多路音频模拟接口芯片TLV320AIC10与DSP串行通信的设计与实现，电子产品世界，2002．9．B
[37]精英科技编著，视频压缩和音频压缩技术，中国电力出版社，2001
[38]何希顺，张跃，何荣森，嵌人式系统中的JTAG接口编程技术，电子技术应用，2002．12
[39]桑楠著，嵌入式系统原理及应用开发技术，北京航空航天出版社，2002