微量元素地球化学丰度关系及其应用研究
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摘要
本文针对地球化学的核心问题,即元素丰度关系规律,从享利定律、化学位等物理化学理论出发,讨论了丰度的基本定义,探讨了丰位、迁移位的概念、理论推导过程和物理意义以及地球化学的体系实测参数(丰度常数、相常数、演化强度)及丰度坐标系四维研究方法,重点探讨了丰度坐标系、REE丰度结构、演化迁移特征、演化结构、各种成岩岩浆岩成因判别和大地构造环境判别的原理和方法。
本文的主要内容是一项探索性研究,是在四川省地学核技术重点实验室开放基金项目“峨眉山玄武岩系源区地幔动力学的微量元素地球化学研究”(编号:DH99-01)的基础上完成的,研究已取得了如下创新性成果及认识:
(1) 认识到微量元素丰度研究在文献中广为使用的双对数坐标系(以下简称丰度坐标系),具有四维空间几何特性,对其四维空间特征的物理意义进行了探讨;对其中某些空间规律进行了数学推导,使丰度关系研究可以从四维空间的多个二维平面中多视角同时进行,从而为地球化学中丰度关系研究提供了前所未有的强有力工具。在REE丰度研究中,对坐标轴进行合理设计,在这种四维坐标系中一个点能定量表示相应的一条燕式曲线的总形态,因此极大地方便了大量样品数据的定量地球化学研究。按REE丰度结构,能较好地对REE进行分类,并总结出了岩石的REE型式具有的一般性规律。
(2) 根据物理化学中化学位理论,认识到天然体系(如岩浆岩系)有一系列实测物理量或体系参数,并探讨了这些实测体系参数(如迁移位、演化线三参数)的物理意义及实测方法,从而为微量元素地球化学研究提供了前人未认识到的(除单个岩石丰度以外)数据基础。通过对大量实例的研究表明,本文详细分析了燕式曲线难以清晰地获取岩系的演化规律及成因信息的原因,而采用丰度坐标系,可根据多个数据点,例如一个岩浆岩系在丰度坐标系中的分布情况,将岩系(天然体系)的体系参数实测出来,即可将岩系中的REE演化规律清楚地展现出来,包括REE总体演化(一级结构)、Eu异常和Ce异常的演化(二级结构),再根据岩石体系REE演化线的三个体系参数(演化方向、演化强度和演化空间位置)的定量描述,提出了岩浆岩成因的判别方法。
(3) 推导了二线与三线约束关系式,该式是地球化学体系实测参数在四维丰度空间不同平面上分量之间的两个约束规律。利用该规律证明了微量元素地球化学体系在丰度演化空间两个和三个二维研究视野间严格的数学关系。丰度坐标系中REE演化参数的约束关系,使REE演化线的特征能在多个视角同时精确观测。据此,利用岩浆岩系REE演化线,对岩石成因类型的判别也更为全面和准确。本文用岩系实际数据进行了科学推导,证明在丰度坐标系中岩系的成分演化线均遵守二线和三线约束定理。
(4) 提出了在微量元素大地构造环境研究中,标准参照物质应采用原始岩石圈地幔值,而不是原始地幔值,并论证了其原因:前者与所研究岩石接近同一地球体系,后者则偏离同一体系。因此,采用岩石/原始岩石圈地幔比值作微量元素型式曲线,其结果明显优于岩石/原始地幔比值。通过典型大地构造环境区微量元素型式曲线的特征研究,不同大地构造环境区玄武岩系的Th-Ta-Nb-La型式曲线图和Hf-Ta-Nb-Zr型式曲线图特征具有显著差异,能够较好地区分大地构造环境。
(5) 利用丰度坐标系(双对数坐标系),提出了由La、Nb、Zr元素丰度关系研究玄武
This dissertation aims at one of the key geochemical problems - the natural law of elemental abundance relationship. It discusses the definitions and mathematical reductions of abundance, abundance potential and migration potential, based on the physicochemical theories such as Henry's law, chemical potential, and etc.; realizes the system parameters (abundance constant, phase constant and migration strength which represent the direction, spatial location and length of an evolutionary line) as geochemical data measured from the evolutionary line; and proposes a powerful tool for trace element geochemical study - a four dimensional "abundance coordinate system" (abbreviated to ACS), on which the elemental abundance relationship can be observed from four dimensions. The key points of this dissertation are ACS, REE abundance structure, migration structure, petrogeneous discrimination of igneous rock series, and identification of tectonic setting of basalts.The study in this dissertation is a part of the project "The Trace Element Geochemical Study On Mantle Geodynamics In the Source Region of Emeishan Basalts" (DH99-01), which is granted and supported by the open funds of Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory Of Geo-Nuclear Technology.The main results of this dissertation are as follows:(1) Introduces the ACS which is a double logarithmic coordinate system and has a space with eight 'quadrants' that are four two-dimensional plans; discusses the geochemical characteristics of this four dimensional space, where the study of abundance relation could proceed simultaneously by more view angles of several two-dimensional planar coordinates on the four dimensional ACS; and explores mathematical regularity of four dimensional space. The ACS is a new powerful tool in geochemical study of abundance relationship. A compositional point in ACS could define a swallow-form curve of the chondrite -normalized REE patterns and eight different REE abundance patterns could be classified, based on which quadrant the point of the REE abundance is located. Therefore the quantitative geochemical study on large number of REE data could be processed on ACS accurately and precisely.(2) Realizes a series of measurable parameters of geochemistry system (for example, igneous rock series); discusses connotation and measurement method of the system parameters (such as migration potential and three system parameters of REE trend lines) in accordance with the theory of chemical potential of physicochemistry. Based on the research results from large number of samples, it is difficult to get the information of petrogenesis by the swallow-form curves but is easy by the study on ACS, and the system parameters of an igneous rock series (natural system) could be calculated from the REE trend line on ACS, according to the REE spatial distribution of data from large number of samples of an igneous rock series; reveals REE differentiation regulation, including the differentiation of whole REE, Eu abnormal and Ce abnormal; and discriminates the petrogenesis type of rock more accurately according to the quantitative model of three system parameters (direction, strength, spatial distribution) of REE
本文的主要内容是一项探索性研究,是在四川省地学核技术重点实验室开放基金项目“峨眉山玄武岩系源区地幔动力学的微量元素地球化学研究”(编号:DH99-01)的基础上完成的,研究已取得了如下创新性成果及认识:
(1) 认识到微量元素丰度研究在文献中广为使用的双对数坐标系(以下简称丰度坐标系),具有四维空间几何特性,对其四维空间特征的物理意义进行了探讨;对其中某些空间规律进行了数学推导,使丰度关系研究可以从四维空间的多个二维平面中多视角同时进行,从而为地球化学中丰度关系研究提供了前所未有的强有力工具。在REE丰度研究中,对坐标轴进行合理设计,在这种四维坐标系中一个点能定量表示相应的一条燕式曲线的总形态,因此极大地方便了大量样品数据的定量地球化学研究。按REE丰度结构,能较好地对REE进行分类,并总结出了岩石的REE型式具有的一般性规律。
(2) 根据物理化学中化学位理论,认识到天然体系(如岩浆岩系)有一系列实测物理量或体系参数,并探讨了这些实测体系参数(如迁移位、演化线三参数)的物理意义及实测方法,从而为微量元素地球化学研究提供了前人未认识到的(除单个岩石丰度以外)数据基础。通过对大量实例的研究表明,本文详细分析了燕式曲线难以清晰地获取岩系的演化规律及成因信息的原因,而采用丰度坐标系,可根据多个数据点,例如一个岩浆岩系在丰度坐标系中的分布情况,将岩系(天然体系)的体系参数实测出来,即可将岩系中的REE演化规律清楚地展现出来,包括REE总体演化(一级结构)、Eu异常和Ce异常的演化(二级结构),再根据岩石体系REE演化线的三个体系参数(演化方向、演化强度和演化空间位置)的定量描述,提出了岩浆岩成因的判别方法。
(3) 推导了二线与三线约束关系式,该式是地球化学体系实测参数在四维丰度空间不同平面上分量之间的两个约束规律。利用该规律证明了微量元素地球化学体系在丰度演化空间两个和三个二维研究视野间严格的数学关系。丰度坐标系中REE演化参数的约束关系,使REE演化线的特征能在多个视角同时精确观测。据此,利用岩浆岩系REE演化线,对岩石成因类型的判别也更为全面和准确。本文用岩系实际数据进行了科学推导,证明在丰度坐标系中岩系的成分演化线均遵守二线和三线约束定理。
(4) 提出了在微量元素大地构造环境研究中,标准参照物质应采用原始岩石圈地幔值,而不是原始地幔值,并论证了其原因:前者与所研究岩石接近同一地球体系,后者则偏离同一体系。因此,采用岩石/原始岩石圈地幔比值作微量元素型式曲线,其结果明显优于岩石/原始地幔比值。通过典型大地构造环境区微量元素型式曲线的特征研究,不同大地构造环境区玄武岩系的Th-Ta-Nb-La型式曲线图和Hf-Ta-Nb-Zr型式曲线图特征具有显著差异,能够较好地区分大地构造环境。
(5) 利用丰度坐标系(双对数坐标系),提出了由La、Nb、Zr元素丰度关系研究玄武
This dissertation aims at one of the key geochemical problems - the natural law of elemental abundance relationship. It discusses the definitions and mathematical reductions of abundance, abundance potential and migration potential, based on the physicochemical theories such as Henry's law, chemical potential, and etc.; realizes the system parameters (abundance constant, phase constant and migration strength which represent the direction, spatial location and length of an evolutionary line) as geochemical data measured from the evolutionary line; and proposes a powerful tool for trace element geochemical study - a four dimensional "abundance coordinate system" (abbreviated to ACS), on which the elemental abundance relationship can be observed from four dimensions. The key points of this dissertation are ACS, REE abundance structure, migration structure, petrogeneous discrimination of igneous rock series, and identification of tectonic setting of basalts.The study in this dissertation is a part of the project "The Trace Element Geochemical Study On Mantle Geodynamics In the Source Region of Emeishan Basalts" (DH99-01), which is granted and supported by the open funds of Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory Of Geo-Nuclear Technology.The main results of this dissertation are as follows:(1) Introduces the ACS which is a double logarithmic coordinate system and has a space with eight 'quadrants' that are four two-dimensional plans; discusses the geochemical characteristics of this four dimensional space, where the study of abundance relation could proceed simultaneously by more view angles of several two-dimensional planar coordinates on the four dimensional ACS; and explores mathematical regularity of four dimensional space. The ACS is a new powerful tool in geochemical study of abundance relationship. A compositional point in ACS could define a swallow-form curve of the chondrite -normalized REE patterns and eight different REE abundance patterns could be classified, based on which quadrant the point of the REE abundance is located. Therefore the quantitative geochemical study on large number of REE data could be processed on ACS accurately and precisely.(2) Realizes a series of measurable parameters of geochemistry system (for example, igneous rock series); discusses connotation and measurement method of the system parameters (such as migration potential and three system parameters of REE trend lines) in accordance with the theory of chemical potential of physicochemistry. Based on the research results from large number of samples, it is difficult to get the information of petrogenesis by the swallow-form curves but is easy by the study on ACS, and the system parameters of an igneous rock series (natural system) could be calculated from the REE trend line on ACS, according to the REE spatial distribution of data from large number of samples of an igneous rock series; reveals REE differentiation regulation, including the differentiation of whole REE, Eu abnormal and Ce abnormal; and discriminates the petrogenesis type of rock more accurately according to the quantitative model of three system parameters (direction, strength, spatial distribution) of REE
引文
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