油田轻烃分馏与精制技术研究
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摘要
轻烃分馏与精制技术是石油化工的一个重要组成部分,开展轻烃精制及其综合利用研究,对提高轻烃分馏产品附加值、精馏理论的实际应用、饱和烷烃产品的提纯精制和轻烃分馏产品的深加工具有重要意义。轻烃是多种低碳饱和烷烃的混合物,每一种单质烷烃都有其特殊的性质和用途,不同的用途对产品又有其特殊的纯度要求,这就使轻烃精制及其综合利用成为一个涉及石油化工研究各个领域的一个复杂过程。
本文通过对混合戊烷精细分离、轻烃分馏产品脱硫精制、环戊烷产品萃取精馏提纯、先进控制系统应用和轻烃分馏产品精深加工的研究,对轻烃分馏产品从生产、精制,到深加工进行了系统的全面的分析论证,为轻烃分馏产品的精深加工提供了理论依据。
论文主要内容概括为以下四个部分：
1、混合戊烷精细分离研究
首先采用流程模拟方法,对轻烃分馏产品的混合戊烷组分进行研究,确定了混合戊烷精细分离的四塔顺序精馏工艺,并通过装置建设,使轻烃分馏装置产品种类得到增加,产业链得以延伸；同时对设计数据和实际运行数据进行了对比分析,为其他轻烃分馏产品的精深加工奠定了良好基础。
2、轻烃分馏产品脱硫精制研究
通过研究脱硫理论,分析轻烃分馏产品液化石油气和环戊烷的脱硫方法以及对液化石油气产品的不同脱硫工艺进行了对比分析,选择醇胺法脱硫一液化气固定床无碱脱臭工艺,对装置进行了设计,并通过实际运行数据与设计数据的对比分析进行了验证；对环戊烷产品的脱硫进行了静态和动态模拟实验,确定出5%烧碱-5%乙醇复配溶剂萃取的复合碱液萃取脱硫工艺,在流量10～15mL/min、温度10～20℃时,脱硫效果明显,同时为进一步研究饱和C5及戊烷产品的精脱硫设计提供了理论依据。
3、环戊烷产品萃取精馏提纯工艺研究
通过对环戊烷产品分离体系特性分析及溶剂的初步筛选,确定环己醇(CHOL)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)和二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为适宜的萃取精馏溶剂,并进行了2,2-二甲基丁烷/环戊烷体系分离的实验研究,根据环戊烷精制的模试研究结果,进行了3000吨/年规模环戊烷精制工艺流程的设计开发工作,为进行环戊烷提纯精制的实际生产应用提供了依据。
4、轻烃分馏装置先进控制系统应用研究
对轻烃分馏装置和混合戊烷精细分离装置的控制系统进行了分析,确定了两套装置实施先进控制的方案,并通过装置先进控制实施前后实际运行数据的对比,验证了先进控制系统对装置优化运行的改进作用。
5、轻烃资源综合利用展望
对轻烃分馏产品的深加工和综合利用从不同方面进行了分析,确定轻烃单组分的深加工应主要集中在利用氧化反应和脱氢反应两个方面,生产1,4-丁二醇、异戊二烯、异丁烯、环己酮、丁基橡胶和氯代环己烷等具有更高附加值的化工产品,并对这些产品的生产工艺和应用进行了分析,提出了下游发展和科学研究的方向。
Light hydrocarbon refined and purification technology is an important component of the petroleum chemical industry. The research of light hydrocarbon refined and comprehensive utilization is important to improve added-value of light hydrocarbon fractionation products, the actual application of distillation theory, and the refining of saturate hydrocarbon products and the light hydrocarbon fractionation product processing. Light hydrocarbon is a mixture of low-carbon saturated hydrocarbon which has respective quality and use, Special purity is required for different uses of the product, which makes light hydrocarbon refined and comprehensive utilization become a complex process which involves in various petrochemical industry fields.
In this paper, separation of mixed pentane, desulfurization and refining of light hydrocarbon fractionation product, extraction and distillation of cyclopentane, the control system of light hydrocarbon fractionation device, deep processing of light hydrocarbon fractionation products are researched, which provide theoretical basis for deep processing of light hydrocarbon fractionation.
The main contents of paper summarize four parts:
1、The research on separation of mixed pentane
The components of mixed pentane were determined by process simulation method, the distillation process of mixed pentane was designed and the device which has four distillator was established. The design data and actual operating data were compared and analyzed, which will lay a theoretical foundation for deep processing of other light hydrocarbon fractionation products.
2、Desulfurization of light hydrocarbon fractionation products
The alcohol-amine desulfurization - LPG fixed bed alkali-free deodorization process and corresponding device were designed by comparing the desulfurization of LPG and cyclopentane. The actual data was verified by compared with designed data. The compound alkali extraction desulphurization process, that is 5% lye-5% ethanol combined with solvent extraction by static and dynamic simulation experiments of cyclopentane desulphurization products. The results show that the desulphurization efficiency is obvious when the flow is 10-15mL/min, temperature is 10-20℃. Fine desulphurization product of pentane and saturated C5 can be researched based on the study mentioned above.
3、Research of cyclopentane extraction and distillation
Based on the characteristics of cyclopentane product separation system and initial solvent screening, cyclohexanol (CHOL), N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethylformamide (DMF) are determined as suitable extractive distillation solvent. The refining process of cyclopentane 3,000 tons per year was designed by compared with the results of experimental and simulational study of 2,2 - dimethyl butane and cyclopentane separation, which provide a basis for purification and refined cyclopentane.
4、Application of advanced control system of light hydrocarbon fractionation unit
The control systems of light hydrocarbon fractionation unit and mixed pentane fine separation device are analyzed to determine the two sets of devices to implement advanced control options. The results show that the advanced control systems on the device improve stable operation by compared with the actual operating data before and after advanced control.
5、The utilization of light hydrocarbon
Deep processing of one component light hydrocarbon should be concentrated in the use of oxidation and dehydrogenation fractionation through analysis deep processing of the light hydrocarbon products and comprehensive from different aspects.1,4 - cis-butanediol, isoprene, isobutylene, cyclohexanone, cyclohexane and chlorinated butyl rubber and other chemical products with higher value-added should be prodcuced. The direction of downstream development and scientific research are proposed based on the analysis of production and the application of these products.
本文通过对混合戊烷精细分离、轻烃分馏产品脱硫精制、环戊烷产品萃取精馏提纯、先进控制系统应用和轻烃分馏产品精深加工的研究,对轻烃分馏产品从生产、精制,到深加工进行了系统的全面的分析论证,为轻烃分馏产品的精深加工提供了理论依据。
论文主要内容概括为以下四个部分：
1、混合戊烷精细分离研究
首先采用流程模拟方法,对轻烃分馏产品的混合戊烷组分进行研究,确定了混合戊烷精细分离的四塔顺序精馏工艺,并通过装置建设,使轻烃分馏装置产品种类得到增加,产业链得以延伸；同时对设计数据和实际运行数据进行了对比分析,为其他轻烃分馏产品的精深加工奠定了良好基础。
2、轻烃分馏产品脱硫精制研究
通过研究脱硫理论,分析轻烃分馏产品液化石油气和环戊烷的脱硫方法以及对液化石油气产品的不同脱硫工艺进行了对比分析,选择醇胺法脱硫一液化气固定床无碱脱臭工艺,对装置进行了设计,并通过实际运行数据与设计数据的对比分析进行了验证；对环戊烷产品的脱硫进行了静态和动态模拟实验,确定出5%烧碱-5%乙醇复配溶剂萃取的复合碱液萃取脱硫工艺,在流量10～15mL/min、温度10～20℃时,脱硫效果明显,同时为进一步研究饱和C5及戊烷产品的精脱硫设计提供了理论依据。
3、环戊烷产品萃取精馏提纯工艺研究
通过对环戊烷产品分离体系特性分析及溶剂的初步筛选,确定环己醇(CHOL)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)和二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为适宜的萃取精馏溶剂,并进行了2,2-二甲基丁烷/环戊烷体系分离的实验研究,根据环戊烷精制的模试研究结果,进行了3000吨/年规模环戊烷精制工艺流程的设计开发工作,为进行环戊烷提纯精制的实际生产应用提供了依据。
4、轻烃分馏装置先进控制系统应用研究
对轻烃分馏装置和混合戊烷精细分离装置的控制系统进行了分析,确定了两套装置实施先进控制的方案,并通过装置先进控制实施前后实际运行数据的对比,验证了先进控制系统对装置优化运行的改进作用。
5、轻烃资源综合利用展望
对轻烃分馏产品的深加工和综合利用从不同方面进行了分析,确定轻烃单组分的深加工应主要集中在利用氧化反应和脱氢反应两个方面,生产1,4-丁二醇、异戊二烯、异丁烯、环己酮、丁基橡胶和氯代环己烷等具有更高附加值的化工产品,并对这些产品的生产工艺和应用进行了分析,提出了下游发展和科学研究的方向。
Light hydrocarbon refined and purification technology is an important component of the petroleum chemical industry. The research of light hydrocarbon refined and comprehensive utilization is important to improve added-value of light hydrocarbon fractionation products, the actual application of distillation theory, and the refining of saturate hydrocarbon products and the light hydrocarbon fractionation product processing. Light hydrocarbon is a mixture of low-carbon saturated hydrocarbon which has respective quality and use, Special purity is required for different uses of the product, which makes light hydrocarbon refined and comprehensive utilization become a complex process which involves in various petrochemical industry fields.
In this paper, separation of mixed pentane, desulfurization and refining of light hydrocarbon fractionation product, extraction and distillation of cyclopentane, the control system of light hydrocarbon fractionation device, deep processing of light hydrocarbon fractionation products are researched, which provide theoretical basis for deep processing of light hydrocarbon fractionation.
The main contents of paper summarize four parts:
1、The research on separation of mixed pentane
The components of mixed pentane were determined by process simulation method, the distillation process of mixed pentane was designed and the device which has four distillator was established. The design data and actual operating data were compared and analyzed, which will lay a theoretical foundation for deep processing of other light hydrocarbon fractionation products.
2、Desulfurization of light hydrocarbon fractionation products
The alcohol-amine desulfurization - LPG fixed bed alkali-free deodorization process and corresponding device were designed by comparing the desulfurization of LPG and cyclopentane. The actual data was verified by compared with designed data. The compound alkali extraction desulphurization process, that is 5% lye-5% ethanol combined with solvent extraction by static and dynamic simulation experiments of cyclopentane desulphurization products. The results show that the desulphurization efficiency is obvious when the flow is 10-15mL/min, temperature is 10-20℃. Fine desulphurization product of pentane and saturated C5 can be researched based on the study mentioned above.
3、Research of cyclopentane extraction and distillation
Based on the characteristics of cyclopentane product separation system and initial solvent screening, cyclohexanol (CHOL), N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethylformamide (DMF) are determined as suitable extractive distillation solvent. The refining process of cyclopentane 3,000 tons per year was designed by compared with the results of experimental and simulational study of 2,2 - dimethyl butane and cyclopentane separation, which provide a basis for purification and refined cyclopentane.
4、Application of advanced control system of light hydrocarbon fractionation unit
The control systems of light hydrocarbon fractionation unit and mixed pentane fine separation device are analyzed to determine the two sets of devices to implement advanced control options. The results show that the advanced control systems on the device improve stable operation by compared with the actual operating data before and after advanced control.
5、The utilization of light hydrocarbon
Deep processing of one component light hydrocarbon should be concentrated in the use of oxidation and dehydrogenation fractionation through analysis deep processing of the light hydrocarbon products and comprehensive from different aspects.1,4 - cis-butanediol, isoprene, isobutylene, cyclohexanone, cyclohexane and chlorinated butyl rubber and other chemical products with higher value-added should be prodcuced. The direction of downstream development and scientific research are proposed based on the analysis of production and the application of these products.
引文
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