面向民用飞机总装的产品数据语义演化技术研究与应用
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摘要
民用飞机是典型的复杂产品,具有产品构型多、结构复杂、生产批量小、单架次管理等特点。以上特点使得民机总装过程涉及到的海量产品数据间关系错综复杂,产品数据准确性难以控制。飞机产品数据对象源自工程设计阶段,经过工程设计、工艺设计、总装等多阶段演化,但同时要维持各环节衍生出的产品对象单一数据源特征。因此,需要建立和维护飞机产品对象内在的语义关联,这不仅有利于保证飞机总装过程中各种数据的一致性、符合性、重用性,也是实现民机适航取证的迫切要求。
本论文针对我国民用飞机总装过程产品数据管理集中在对工艺文件等数据的管理,缺乏对产品对象从工程设计、工艺设计、总装制造、供应商研制等全生命周期视角的研究,缺乏对产品内在语义的关联性等问题,结合大型客机总装制造过程和飞机产品数据的特点,从产品语义模型定义、不同领域的数据语义关联建立、数据一致性核查等方面展开研究,主要内容如下:
(1)提出了基于本体的产品数据模型。针对飞机产品研制阶段多、数据量大,数据异构等特点,采用本体论的方法,将飞机总装过程分成了全局领域、工程领域和总装领域,建立了各个领域数据的本体模型,形成了各阶段统一标准的数据模型。
(2)提出了基于语义的不同领域数据映射和维护方法。基于产品研制的多个阶段中数据缺乏联系和BOM(Bill of Material)的多视图特点,提出了在BOM转化过程中实现以BOM为核心的不同领域的本体映射;同时提出了多视图版本模型和版本管理规则,并在此基础上,研究了工程更改发生时,版本变化对数据语义关系的影响。
(3)提出了产品数据语义一致性核查方法。分析了产品数据各阶段差异原因,提出了BOM和文档一致性维护和验证的方法和流程,实现BOM数据和文档数据的一致性检查。
(4)开发了民机总装数据管理系统相关模块。根据本文提出的理论和方法,基于PLM(Product Lifecycle Managment)系统平台,完成基于语义的产品数据模型定义和文档的一致性管理模块开发,采用SSH(Strtus+Hibernate+Spring)架构开发了BOM数据一致性检查模块,并结合企业实际进行了应用验证。
Aircraft is a typical complex product, which has the characteristics as follows: complicated in structure, small in lot size, controlled by one single and many configurations are in use. All these features pose a great challenge to manage the data well. The data originates from the engineering design phase and keeping involving while design is proceeding. But it’s very important to ensure that all the data confirm to Single Source of Product Data。And it’s necessary to build up the semantic relationship between product data, which make a great insignificance in data/knowledge conformity, accuracy, sharing and satisfying the requirement of airworthiness department.
At present, Aircraft Manufacturing Company in china mainly adopt file management in aircraft assembly, and the research both on product data management from product lifecycle management perspective and the semantic relationship between product data is not enough. This paper make a research on defining product semantic model, relating data in different domains, checking the data conformity based on the data characteristic of aircraft assembly data. In detail, the main research issues are as follows:
(1) Define the data model based semantic. Considering the characteristics of aircraft, ontology is adopted to define the data model of aircraft. The assembly process is divided into several domains and the ontology model of each domain is built up.
(2) Set up and maintain the mapping relation of different domains. Since there are several phases in product design and BOM has multiple view, the mapping of different domains is built up via the equivalent relation of different BOMs while BOM transformation. At the same time, propose a new version model to track and trace the data well; set up a serials of version rules; discuss what impact would have on the data relation when the version change due to engineering change.
(3) Check the conformity of product data. Analyze the conformity of product data, the maintenance and verification method of BOM and document are presented respectively. Propose and implement BOM comparison to fulfill the check of BOM conformity. Propose and implement document structured to fulfill the maintenance of document conformity.
(4) System configuration and development. The data model definition and structured document are implemented via customization on PLM software based on the theory and method proposed in this paper. A new system with SSH frame is developed to valid the conformity of BOM.
本论文针对我国民用飞机总装过程产品数据管理集中在对工艺文件等数据的管理,缺乏对产品对象从工程设计、工艺设计、总装制造、供应商研制等全生命周期视角的研究,缺乏对产品内在语义的关联性等问题,结合大型客机总装制造过程和飞机产品数据的特点,从产品语义模型定义、不同领域的数据语义关联建立、数据一致性核查等方面展开研究,主要内容如下:
(1)提出了基于本体的产品数据模型。针对飞机产品研制阶段多、数据量大,数据异构等特点,采用本体论的方法,将飞机总装过程分成了全局领域、工程领域和总装领域,建立了各个领域数据的本体模型,形成了各阶段统一标准的数据模型。
(2)提出了基于语义的不同领域数据映射和维护方法。基于产品研制的多个阶段中数据缺乏联系和BOM(Bill of Material)的多视图特点,提出了在BOM转化过程中实现以BOM为核心的不同领域的本体映射;同时提出了多视图版本模型和版本管理规则,并在此基础上,研究了工程更改发生时,版本变化对数据语义关系的影响。
(3)提出了产品数据语义一致性核查方法。分析了产品数据各阶段差异原因,提出了BOM和文档一致性维护和验证的方法和流程,实现BOM数据和文档数据的一致性检查。
(4)开发了民机总装数据管理系统相关模块。根据本文提出的理论和方法,基于PLM(Product Lifecycle Managment)系统平台,完成基于语义的产品数据模型定义和文档的一致性管理模块开发,采用SSH(Strtus+Hibernate+Spring)架构开发了BOM数据一致性检查模块,并结合企业实际进行了应用验证。
Aircraft is a typical complex product, which has the characteristics as follows: complicated in structure, small in lot size, controlled by one single and many configurations are in use. All these features pose a great challenge to manage the data well. The data originates from the engineering design phase and keeping involving while design is proceeding. But it’s very important to ensure that all the data confirm to Single Source of Product Data。And it’s necessary to build up the semantic relationship between product data, which make a great insignificance in data/knowledge conformity, accuracy, sharing and satisfying the requirement of airworthiness department.
At present, Aircraft Manufacturing Company in china mainly adopt file management in aircraft assembly, and the research both on product data management from product lifecycle management perspective and the semantic relationship between product data is not enough. This paper make a research on defining product semantic model, relating data in different domains, checking the data conformity based on the data characteristic of aircraft assembly data. In detail, the main research issues are as follows:
(1) Define the data model based semantic. Considering the characteristics of aircraft, ontology is adopted to define the data model of aircraft. The assembly process is divided into several domains and the ontology model of each domain is built up.
(2) Set up and maintain the mapping relation of different domains. Since there are several phases in product design and BOM has multiple view, the mapping of different domains is built up via the equivalent relation of different BOMs while BOM transformation. At the same time, propose a new version model to track and trace the data well; set up a serials of version rules; discuss what impact would have on the data relation when the version change due to engineering change.
(3) Check the conformity of product data. Analyze the conformity of product data, the maintenance and verification method of BOM and document are presented respectively. Propose and implement BOM comparison to fulfill the check of BOM conformity. Propose and implement document structured to fulfill the maintenance of document conformity.
(4) System configuration and development. The data model definition and structured document are implemented via customization on PLM software based on the theory and method proposed in this paper. A new system with SSH frame is developed to valid the conformity of BOM.
引文
[1]范玉青.现代飞机制造技术.北京:北京航空航航天大学出版社,2001.
[2]于勇,陶剑等.大型飞机设计制造数字化技术研究综述[J].航空制造技术,2009,11:56-60.
[3]王庆林,余国华等.构型管理.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2010.
[4]刘磊.基于MBOM的飞机制造过程管理技术研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2006.
[5] Changho Lee,Choon Seong Leem ,Inhyuck Hwang. PDM and ERP integration methodology using digital manufacturing to support global manufacturing[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology[J]. 2011, 53: 399-409.
[6]贾晓亮,张振明等.以制造BOM为核心的制造工艺数据管理研究[J].制造业自动化,2006,28:20-23.
[7] M.Z. Ouertani,S. Ba?na,L. Gzara,G. Morel.Traceability and management of dispersed product knowledge during design and manufacturing[J]. Computer-Aided Design, 2001,43:546-562.
[8] Sébastien Gagné,Clément Fortin. Application of the CMII model to an integrated engineering and manufacturing development environment[J]. Int J Interact Des Manuf,2007,1:5-13.
[9]袁平鹏,陈刚,董金祥.BOM一致性维护[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2002,14:1-4.
[10]蒋辉.BOM演变与制造工艺系统集成的研究[D].北京:北京航空航天大学,2002.
[11]蔡丽霞.PDM中BOM多视图的研究与实现[D].上海:上海交通大学,2008.
[12]单林庆.飞机制造BOM管理方法的研究与实现[D].西安:西北工业大学,2005.
[13]耿俊浩,张振明,贾晓亮,许建新.PLM环境下BOM的形态划分与转化[J].制造业自动化,2004,26:55-58.
[14]白书清,陈继忠.基于Windchill的多物料清单管理技术研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2009,15:153-159.
[15] Yoshio Tozawa,Mikio Yotsukura.Integration of Bills of Material towards a Communication Tool[A].2009 World Congress on Computer Science and Information Engineering[C]. Los Angeles:2009.446-450.
[16]黄学文,范玉顺等. BOM多视图和视图之间映射模型的研究[J].机械工程学报,41(4):97-101.
[17] Gun Yeon Kim,Sang Do Noh,Yong Hoon Rim,Joung Hwan Mun. XML-based concurrent and integrated ergonomic analysis in PLM[J]. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2008, 39:1045-1060.
[18]马明旭,范玉顺,尹朝万.基于产品结构的全生命周期形式化建模[J].机械工程学报,2006,42:83-90.
[19]孙宜然,赵嵩正,刘啼,李文.面向大型航空产品的物料清单有效性验证的设计与实现[J].计算机集成制造系统,2008,14:17-23.
[20] Yuh-Jen Chen. Knowledge integration and sharing for collaborative molding product design and process development[J]. Computers in Industry, 2010, 67:659-675.
[21] Ning Huang,ShiHan Diao. Ontology-based enterprise knowledge integration[J]. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 2008, 24: 562-571.
[22] Mart?′n G. Marchetta,, Fre′de′rique Mayer, Raymundo Q. Forradellas. A reference framework following a proactive approach for Product Lifecycle Management[J]. Computers in Industry,2011,62:672-683.
[23] Aristeidis Matsokis, Dimitris Kiritsis. An ontology-based approach for Product Lifecycle Management[J]. Computers in Industry,2010,61:787-797.
[24] Jyotirmaya Nanda, Henri J. Thevenot, Timothy W. Simpson. Product Family Design Knowledge Representation, Integration, and Reuse[A]. Information Reuse and Integration[C].USA:2005.32-37.
[25] Yuh-Jen Chen,Yuh-Min Chen,Hui-Chuan Chu. Development of a mechanism for ontology-based product lifecycle knowledge integration[J]. Expert Systems with Applications,2009,36:2759-2779.
[26] A. Tursi, H. Panetto. Ontological approach for products-centric information system interoperability in networked manufacturing enterprises[J]. Annual Reviews in Control,2009,33:238-245.
[27]钱鹏飞.基于模糊相似度的异构本体映射、合并及校验方法的研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2008.
[28]江伟光,武建伟.基于本体的产品知识集成[J].浙江大学学报,2009, 43: 1801-1807.
[29]倪益华,顾新建,吴昭同.基于本体的企业知识管理平台的构建[J].中国机械工程,2005, 16:1353-1357.
[30] Xiaomeng Chang ,JanisTerpenny. Ontology-based data integration and decision support for product e-Design[J]. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 2009,25:863-870.
[31] Yannis Kalfoglou,Marco Schorlemmer.Ontology Mapping: The State of the Art
[32]陈涛.通用BOM模型的研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2008.
[33]徐汉川,徐晓飞,战德臣,何霆.一种结合设计BOM/BOP的制造BOM生成方法[J].中国机械工程,2005,186:701-705.
[34]郭钢,程静波,刘飞.产品生命周期中的单/多层BOM表示与应用.计算机集成制造,2004,10(1):59-64
[35]彭灿.BOM转化技术及其在注塑机产品中的应用研究[J].杭州:浙江大学,2006.
[36] Diego M. Gime′nez,Marcela Vegetti. PRoduct ONTOlogy: Defining product-related concepts for logistics planning activities[J]. Computers in Industry,2008,59:231-241.
[37] Chimay J. Anumb,Raja R.A. Issa. Ontology-based information and knowledge management in construction[J] Construction Innovation: Information, Process, Management,2008,8:218-239.
[38]丘宏俊.基于知识的飞机装配工艺设计关键技术研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2006.
[39]王万雷.制造执行系统(MES)若干关键技术研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2005.
[40] Borys Omelayenko,Michel Klein.Proceedings of the Workshop on Knowledge Transformation for the Semantic Web KTSW 2002 [C]. Lyon,2002.
[41]邓志鸿,唐世渭,张铭,杨冬青,陈捷.Ontology研究综述[J].北京大学学报.2002,38:730-738
[42]姜洋,金天国,刘文剑,徐杰.基于本体的复杂产品设计知识优化集成[J].计算机集成制造系统,2010,16:1828-1835.
[43] M. Price,S. Raghunathan,R. Curran. An integrated systems engineering approach to aircraft design [J]. Progress in Aerospace Sciences,2006,42: 331-376.
[44]何克清,刘进.基于OWL元模型的本体建模研究[J].武汉大学学报,2004.50(5):58 1-585
[45]郁书好,苏守宝,刘仁金.UML和OWL在本体建模中的比较研究.计算机技术与发展.2007,17(1):155～157.
[46]彭卫平.吴庆呜.陈立平.PDM应用系统产品配置管理方法的研究[J].中国机械工程.2004,15(4):317-321.
[47]王丽娟等.面向产品开发过程的文档动态管理技术[J]计算机集成制造系统. 2005,11(6):836-840.
[48] Huang Xuewen.Study on Endless Loop Node Checking Algorithm for BOM[A]. 2009 Second International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation[C]. Changsha:2009,659-663.
[2]于勇,陶剑等.大型飞机设计制造数字化技术研究综述[J].航空制造技术,2009,11:56-60.
[3]王庆林,余国华等.构型管理.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2010.
[4]刘磊.基于MBOM的飞机制造过程管理技术研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2006.
[5] Changho Lee,Choon Seong Leem ,Inhyuck Hwang. PDM and ERP integration methodology using digital manufacturing to support global manufacturing[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology[J]. 2011, 53: 399-409.
[6]贾晓亮,张振明等.以制造BOM为核心的制造工艺数据管理研究[J].制造业自动化,2006,28:20-23.
[7] M.Z. Ouertani,S. Ba?na,L. Gzara,G. Morel.Traceability and management of dispersed product knowledge during design and manufacturing[J]. Computer-Aided Design, 2001,43:546-562.
[8] Sébastien Gagné,Clément Fortin. Application of the CMII model to an integrated engineering and manufacturing development environment[J]. Int J Interact Des Manuf,2007,1:5-13.
[9]袁平鹏,陈刚,董金祥.BOM一致性维护[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2002,14:1-4.
[10]蒋辉.BOM演变与制造工艺系统集成的研究[D].北京:北京航空航天大学,2002.
[11]蔡丽霞.PDM中BOM多视图的研究与实现[D].上海:上海交通大学,2008.
[12]单林庆.飞机制造BOM管理方法的研究与实现[D].西安:西北工业大学,2005.
[13]耿俊浩,张振明,贾晓亮,许建新.PLM环境下BOM的形态划分与转化[J].制造业自动化,2004,26:55-58.
[14]白书清,陈继忠.基于Windchill的多物料清单管理技术研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2009,15:153-159.
[15] Yoshio Tozawa,Mikio Yotsukura.Integration of Bills of Material towards a Communication Tool[A].2009 World Congress on Computer Science and Information Engineering[C]. Los Angeles:2009.446-450.
[16]黄学文,范玉顺等. BOM多视图和视图之间映射模型的研究[J].机械工程学报,41(4):97-101.
[17] Gun Yeon Kim,Sang Do Noh,Yong Hoon Rim,Joung Hwan Mun. XML-based concurrent and integrated ergonomic analysis in PLM[J]. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2008, 39:1045-1060.
[18]马明旭,范玉顺,尹朝万.基于产品结构的全生命周期形式化建模[J].机械工程学报,2006,42:83-90.
[19]孙宜然,赵嵩正,刘啼,李文.面向大型航空产品的物料清单有效性验证的设计与实现[J].计算机集成制造系统,2008,14:17-23.
[20] Yuh-Jen Chen. Knowledge integration and sharing for collaborative molding product design and process development[J]. Computers in Industry, 2010, 67:659-675.
[21] Ning Huang,ShiHan Diao. Ontology-based enterprise knowledge integration[J]. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 2008, 24: 562-571.
[22] Mart?′n G. Marchetta,, Fre′de′rique Mayer, Raymundo Q. Forradellas. A reference framework following a proactive approach for Product Lifecycle Management[J]. Computers in Industry,2011,62:672-683.
[23] Aristeidis Matsokis, Dimitris Kiritsis. An ontology-based approach for Product Lifecycle Management[J]. Computers in Industry,2010,61:787-797.
[24] Jyotirmaya Nanda, Henri J. Thevenot, Timothy W. Simpson. Product Family Design Knowledge Representation, Integration, and Reuse[A]. Information Reuse and Integration[C].USA:2005.32-37.
[25] Yuh-Jen Chen,Yuh-Min Chen,Hui-Chuan Chu. Development of a mechanism for ontology-based product lifecycle knowledge integration[J]. Expert Systems with Applications,2009,36:2759-2779.
[26] A. Tursi, H. Panetto. Ontological approach for products-centric information system interoperability in networked manufacturing enterprises[J]. Annual Reviews in Control,2009,33:238-245.
[27]钱鹏飞.基于模糊相似度的异构本体映射、合并及校验方法的研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2008.
[28]江伟光,武建伟.基于本体的产品知识集成[J].浙江大学学报,2009, 43: 1801-1807.
[29]倪益华,顾新建,吴昭同.基于本体的企业知识管理平台的构建[J].中国机械工程,2005, 16:1353-1357.
[30] Xiaomeng Chang ,JanisTerpenny. Ontology-based data integration and decision support for product e-Design[J]. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 2009,25:863-870.
[31] Yannis Kalfoglou,Marco Schorlemmer.Ontology Mapping: The State of the Art
[32]陈涛.通用BOM模型的研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2008.
[33]徐汉川,徐晓飞,战德臣,何霆.一种结合设计BOM/BOP的制造BOM生成方法[J].中国机械工程,2005,186:701-705.
[34]郭钢,程静波,刘飞.产品生命周期中的单/多层BOM表示与应用.计算机集成制造,2004,10(1):59-64
[35]彭灿.BOM转化技术及其在注塑机产品中的应用研究[J].杭州:浙江大学,2006.
[36] Diego M. Gime′nez,Marcela Vegetti. PRoduct ONTOlogy: Defining product-related concepts for logistics planning activities[J]. Computers in Industry,2008,59:231-241.
[37] Chimay J. Anumb,Raja R.A. Issa. Ontology-based information and knowledge management in construction[J] Construction Innovation: Information, Process, Management,2008,8:218-239.
[38]丘宏俊.基于知识的飞机装配工艺设计关键技术研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2006.
[39]王万雷.制造执行系统(MES)若干关键技术研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2005.
[40] Borys Omelayenko,Michel Klein.Proceedings of the Workshop on Knowledge Transformation for the Semantic Web KTSW 2002 [C]. Lyon,2002.
[41]邓志鸿,唐世渭,张铭,杨冬青,陈捷.Ontology研究综述[J].北京大学学报.2002,38:730-738
[42]姜洋,金天国,刘文剑,徐杰.基于本体的复杂产品设计知识优化集成[J].计算机集成制造系统,2010,16:1828-1835.
[43] M. Price,S. Raghunathan,R. Curran. An integrated systems engineering approach to aircraft design [J]. Progress in Aerospace Sciences,2006,42: 331-376.
[44]何克清,刘进.基于OWL元模型的本体建模研究[J].武汉大学学报,2004.50(5):58 1-585
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