甘肃沙区沙枣资源调查及繁殖技术研究
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摘要
沙枣是一种集生态效益与经济效益于一体的重要树种,在我国主要分布在西北各省区和内蒙古西部的干旱区。沙枣是甘肃河西走廊主要的防风固沙树种,因其具有适应性强,繁殖容易,生长迅速,抗旱,耐盐碱,耐贫瘠等特性,深受当地群众喜爱。甘肃省林业科学研究院2007年承担中国林科院林业研究所下达的《沙区优良经济植物品种选繁技术研究》项目后,开展了沙枣资源调查工作,初步摸清了甘肃省沙枣资源的重点分布区域、面积、种类及资源量。同时,通过为期两年的种子繁殖与扦插繁殖试验,掌握了沙枣繁殖的关键技术,为繁育沙枣优良品种,实现沙枣的综合利用,改善生态环境、提高经济效益提供了理论依据。
1.通过对甘肃省各地区沙枣的资源分布和生长发育情况的调查显示:在甘肃境内分布的沙枣属的植物有1种1变种24个品种,其中经民间栽培的优良品种主要有大白沙枣、牛奶头沙枣、八卦沙枣和羊奶头沙枣等。甘肃的武威、张掖、酒泉等15个(市)县沙枣人工林约26400hm2,沙枣成片林比较集中,呈大面积的防护林带分布;从果品质量上来说,以张掖、临泽、金塔所产的沙枣品种的果实质量较好,其产果率高,果大饱满,色泽光亮,基本无病虫害发生。
2.通过对从15个种源地采集到的24个品种的沙枣种子和种条进行种子繁殖和种条扦插繁殖试验,掌握了种子育苗和扦插育苗的作业技术,经过对比分析得出:沙枣种子繁殖时,宜采用沙藏催芽法催芽;育苗时选用营养土,可提高出苗率;早春播种成苗率最高。沙枣种条扦插操作技术简单,可选用中基部枝条剪成长18-20㎝作插穗,开春土壤解冻后即可扦插繁殖。
3.对沙枣进行冻害调查,沙枣实生苗受冻害株数占调查株数的42%,沙枣扦插苗受冻害株数占调查株数的72%,结果表明沙枣实生苗抗冻害能力比沙枣扦插苗强。
Elaeagnus angustifolia, is an important tree with ecological benefit and economical benefit, which mainly distribute in dry region of provinces and regions of Northwest and Western Inner Mongolia, and is a main tree for defending disease from wind and sand at Hexi corridor of Gansu province. Elaeagnus angustifolia have the characteristics of drought-resistance, wind and sand-resistance, saline-resistance and barren-resistance. The project of Study on the Technique of Selection and Propagation of Fine Economy Plant Varieties in Desert Region, which is designed by Gansu Forest and Technology Research Institute in 2007, this project was distributed by Forestry Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Forestry, and then, the study of variety selection and propagation were conducted for two years. Through the introduction and colonization of Elaeagnus angustifolia seedlings, the cutting propagation and container nursery, comprehensive value were made with the experiment results and reference of other factors, fine varieties of Elaeagnus angustifolia which was suitable for cultivation breeding in China were selected preliminary.
1.Through the investigation of resource, key regions of Elaeagnus angustifolia was grasped preliminary, there are 1seed 1variation 24 varieties of Elaeagnus angustifolia in Gansu province. There was area of artificial forest of 2.64×104 hm2 at distributions of Wuwei, Zhangye and Jiuquan, and counties of Minqin, Liangzhou, Ganzhou, Linze, Gotai, Anxi, Jinta and Jinchang has area of more than ten thousand Chinese MU. The Elaeagnus angustifolia forest distributes assembly, and the break-wind belt holds the largest area. The areas with best quality of fruit are Zhangye, Linze, Jinta, and the fruit with good color is plump without disease and insect. The rate of fruiting is largest. The main distributions of Elaeagnus angustifolia was ensure, and given a base to take seed, checked quality of seed and identified variety in Gansu province.
2.Through the experiment on the cutting propagation and container nursery of 24 varieties of Elaeagnus angustifolia,which from 15 origin regions, grasped the techniques of cutting propagation and container nursery. The results shown that sand storage method was adopted to germination during propagation the seed,use nutrition soil when breeding could increase the rate of emergence; early spring sowing had the highest seeding rate. Elaeagnus angustifolia hardwood cutting operation techniques were easy, the cutting propagation after soil unfrozen, with cuttings 18-20cm.
3.The frostbite was invested for seedling. The result shown that the rate of frozen seedling is 42%, and 72% of the cutting seedling was harmful. The ability to defend frostbite of seedling is stronger than that of the cutting seedling.
1.通过对甘肃省各地区沙枣的资源分布和生长发育情况的调查显示:在甘肃境内分布的沙枣属的植物有1种1变种24个品种,其中经民间栽培的优良品种主要有大白沙枣、牛奶头沙枣、八卦沙枣和羊奶头沙枣等。甘肃的武威、张掖、酒泉等15个(市)县沙枣人工林约26400hm2,沙枣成片林比较集中,呈大面积的防护林带分布;从果品质量上来说,以张掖、临泽、金塔所产的沙枣品种的果实质量较好,其产果率高,果大饱满,色泽光亮,基本无病虫害发生。
2.通过对从15个种源地采集到的24个品种的沙枣种子和种条进行种子繁殖和种条扦插繁殖试验,掌握了种子育苗和扦插育苗的作业技术,经过对比分析得出:沙枣种子繁殖时,宜采用沙藏催芽法催芽;育苗时选用营养土,可提高出苗率;早春播种成苗率最高。沙枣种条扦插操作技术简单,可选用中基部枝条剪成长18-20㎝作插穗,开春土壤解冻后即可扦插繁殖。
3.对沙枣进行冻害调查,沙枣实生苗受冻害株数占调查株数的42%,沙枣扦插苗受冻害株数占调查株数的72%,结果表明沙枣实生苗抗冻害能力比沙枣扦插苗强。
Elaeagnus angustifolia, is an important tree with ecological benefit and economical benefit, which mainly distribute in dry region of provinces and regions of Northwest and Western Inner Mongolia, and is a main tree for defending disease from wind and sand at Hexi corridor of Gansu province. Elaeagnus angustifolia have the characteristics of drought-resistance, wind and sand-resistance, saline-resistance and barren-resistance. The project of Study on the Technique of Selection and Propagation of Fine Economy Plant Varieties in Desert Region, which is designed by Gansu Forest and Technology Research Institute in 2007, this project was distributed by Forestry Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Forestry, and then, the study of variety selection and propagation were conducted for two years. Through the introduction and colonization of Elaeagnus angustifolia seedlings, the cutting propagation and container nursery, comprehensive value were made with the experiment results and reference of other factors, fine varieties of Elaeagnus angustifolia which was suitable for cultivation breeding in China were selected preliminary.
1.Through the investigation of resource, key regions of Elaeagnus angustifolia was grasped preliminary, there are 1seed 1variation 24 varieties of Elaeagnus angustifolia in Gansu province. There was area of artificial forest of 2.64×104 hm2 at distributions of Wuwei, Zhangye and Jiuquan, and counties of Minqin, Liangzhou, Ganzhou, Linze, Gotai, Anxi, Jinta and Jinchang has area of more than ten thousand Chinese MU. The Elaeagnus angustifolia forest distributes assembly, and the break-wind belt holds the largest area. The areas with best quality of fruit are Zhangye, Linze, Jinta, and the fruit with good color is plump without disease and insect. The rate of fruiting is largest. The main distributions of Elaeagnus angustifolia was ensure, and given a base to take seed, checked quality of seed and identified variety in Gansu province.
2.Through the experiment on the cutting propagation and container nursery of 24 varieties of Elaeagnus angustifolia,which from 15 origin regions, grasped the techniques of cutting propagation and container nursery. The results shown that sand storage method was adopted to germination during propagation the seed,use nutrition soil when breeding could increase the rate of emergence; early spring sowing had the highest seeding rate. Elaeagnus angustifolia hardwood cutting operation techniques were easy, the cutting propagation after soil unfrozen, with cuttings 18-20cm.
3.The frostbite was invested for seedling. The result shown that the rate of frozen seedling is 42%, and 72% of the cutting seedling was harmful. The ability to defend frostbite of seedling is stronger than that of the cutting seedling.
引文
常兆丰,屠振栋.1994.沙枣资源开发利用研究综述.甘肃林业科技,(02):38-40
董凡德.2005.沙枣育苗造林技术.林业科技开发, (01):32
韩振海.1994.落叶果树种质资源学.北京:中国农业出版社:7-8
黄俊华,买买提江.2005.新疆胡颓子属植物(Elaeagnus)分类探讨.植物研究, 25(3):268-271
黄俊华,买买提江,杨昌友,王朝锋.2005.沙枣(Elaeagnus angustifolia L.)研究现状与展望.中国野生植物资源, 24(03):52-54
郭丽君,王玉涛.2008.沙枣种质资源特性及利用价值.中国野生植物资源, (05):42-44
李孟军.1998.中国野生果树.北京:中国农业出版社.125
李双福,张启昌,张起超,宗成武,田宪锋.2005.白刺属植物研究进展.华北大学学报(自然科学版), 6(1):78-81
李阳,齐曼·尤努斯,祝燕.2006.水分胁迫对大果沙枣光合特性及生物量分配的影响.西北植物学报, 26(12):493-499
木合塔尔·扎热.2009.尖果沙枣幼苗抗旱特性及其对外源脱落酸和外源硅的响应[D].新疆农业大学,(03):48-50
聂小兰.2007.沙枣的研究现状及展望[J]北方园艺, (04):67-69
江发寿,谢建新,刘金荣.2002.沙枣的营养成分分析及沙枣油的理化常数测定.石河子大学学报,6(1):20-21
姜以斌,迟功德.2003.对发展容器育苗的建议.辽宁林业科技, (02):67
孔蓓蓓.2008.干旱环境26个树种的生长对比与沙枣5个家系苗期的抗旱性生理生化研究.北京林业大学.
时永杰,高万林.2003.沙枣.中兽医医药杂志, (1):134-156
宿凤杰,戴永平.2004.沙枣生物学特性及栽培技术.中国林副特产,(02):41-43
宋继园.2008.促进沙枣浓缩鞣质合成的植株栽培和愈伤组织培养技术研究.东北林业大学.
孙林夫,汪立直,李沛琼,许重九.1964.青甘地区资源植物及其评价.北京:科学出版社, (6):123-126
孙景宽,夏江宝,田家怡,李田.2009.干旱胁迫对沙枣幼苗根茎叶保护酶系统的影响.江西农业大学学报, (05):38-41
屠振栋,常兆丰.1993.甘肃省沙枣品种资源调查.甘肃林业科技, (04):35
王妍,王立新.2004.沙枣花中微量元素的含量分析.食品科技, (03):36-38
王柏青,黎敏霞,王耀辉.沙枣引种试栽的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009(23):45-47.
王继和.1998.中国西北荒漠区持续农业与沙漠综合治.国际学术交流会论文集.兰州大学出版社:243-246
王迅华,温阳,杨跃文.2009.不同种源沙枣苗期生长特性研究.内蒙古林业科技, (04):21-24
吴少华.1994.我国西北地区防风固沙的优良树种–沙枣.生物学通报,
武术杰,杨霞.2009.容器育苗问题综述.长春大学学报, (02):35-37
阎国荣,李树玲,彭立新.2006.大沙枣(Elaeagnus moorcroftii)资源的研究与利用.第二届全国野生果树资源研究与开发利用研讨会论文汇编.长春:长春出版社:286
袁宝财,单巧玲.2001.沙枣树经济价值与栽培技术.林业科技通讯, (08):41-43
辛艳伟.2007.沙枣的开发和利用.安徽农业科学, (02):34-35
于洪波.1989.沙枣果叶饲料的开发与利用.甘肃林业科技, (4):18-20
于玮玮,阎国荣.2009.沙枣的资源及研究现状.天津农学院学报, (06):16-19
云学英,陈其秀.1998.浅谈沙枣的综合利用.内蒙古林业,(02):33-34
张宝泽,赵可夫.1996.刺槐和沙枣耐盐性能的研究.山东科学,9(2):53-55
张宝泽,曹子谊,赵可夫.1992.盐分胁迫下沙枣某些生理特性的研究.林业科学,(02):65-67
张克.1990.沙枣组织培养研究初报.宁夏林业科技, (4):23-25
张万年,刘泽鹰,王哲民.1986.沙枣树药用价值和有效成分研究的进展.中草药,17(7):41-44
张耀甲.1981.甘肃民勤地区沙枣等植物生理、生态特性的初步研究.植物学报, 23(5):393-399
张应年.1995.沙枣中维生素C的测定.化学世界, 37(7):369-372
赵健,于卫平,白永强,王力,杨红梅.2004.沙旱生植物容器育苗技术.林业科学研究,(S1):112-114
赵克昌.1991.白刺属灌木在黄土丘陵区荒山造林试验.干旱区资源与环境, (6):123
郑科,郎南军,曹福亮,和丽萍,陈鹏,彭明俊.2004.扦插技术研究解析.贵州农业科学, (11):53-55
中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.1983.中国植物志.北京:科学出版社:41-42
周建明.1991.新疆的沙枣资源.生物学杂志,(3):19-20
董凡德.2005.沙枣育苗造林技术.林业科技开发, (01):32
韩振海.1994.落叶果树种质资源学.北京:中国农业出版社:7-8
黄俊华,买买提江.2005.新疆胡颓子属植物(Elaeagnus)分类探讨.植物研究, 25(3):268-271
黄俊华,买买提江,杨昌友,王朝锋.2005.沙枣(Elaeagnus angustifolia L.)研究现状与展望.中国野生植物资源, 24(03):52-54
郭丽君,王玉涛.2008.沙枣种质资源特性及利用价值.中国野生植物资源, (05):42-44
李孟军.1998.中国野生果树.北京:中国农业出版社.125
李双福,张启昌,张起超,宗成武,田宪锋.2005.白刺属植物研究进展.华北大学学报(自然科学版), 6(1):78-81
李阳,齐曼·尤努斯,祝燕.2006.水分胁迫对大果沙枣光合特性及生物量分配的影响.西北植物学报, 26(12):493-499
木合塔尔·扎热.2009.尖果沙枣幼苗抗旱特性及其对外源脱落酸和外源硅的响应[D].新疆农业大学,(03):48-50
聂小兰.2007.沙枣的研究现状及展望[J]北方园艺, (04):67-69
江发寿,谢建新,刘金荣.2002.沙枣的营养成分分析及沙枣油的理化常数测定.石河子大学学报,6(1):20-21
姜以斌,迟功德.2003.对发展容器育苗的建议.辽宁林业科技, (02):67
孔蓓蓓.2008.干旱环境26个树种的生长对比与沙枣5个家系苗期的抗旱性生理生化研究.北京林业大学.
时永杰,高万林.2003.沙枣.中兽医医药杂志, (1):134-156
宿凤杰,戴永平.2004.沙枣生物学特性及栽培技术.中国林副特产,(02):41-43
宋继园.2008.促进沙枣浓缩鞣质合成的植株栽培和愈伤组织培养技术研究.东北林业大学.
孙林夫,汪立直,李沛琼,许重九.1964.青甘地区资源植物及其评价.北京:科学出版社, (6):123-126
孙景宽,夏江宝,田家怡,李田.2009.干旱胁迫对沙枣幼苗根茎叶保护酶系统的影响.江西农业大学学报, (05):38-41
屠振栋,常兆丰.1993.甘肃省沙枣品种资源调查.甘肃林业科技, (04):35
王妍,王立新.2004.沙枣花中微量元素的含量分析.食品科技, (03):36-38
王柏青,黎敏霞,王耀辉.沙枣引种试栽的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009(23):45-47.
王继和.1998.中国西北荒漠区持续农业与沙漠综合治.国际学术交流会论文集.兰州大学出版社:243-246
王迅华,温阳,杨跃文.2009.不同种源沙枣苗期生长特性研究.内蒙古林业科技, (04):21-24
吴少华.1994.我国西北地区防风固沙的优良树种–沙枣.生物学通报,
武术杰,杨霞.2009.容器育苗问题综述.长春大学学报, (02):35-37
阎国荣,李树玲,彭立新.2006.大沙枣(Elaeagnus moorcroftii)资源的研究与利用.第二届全国野生果树资源研究与开发利用研讨会论文汇编.长春:长春出版社:286
袁宝财,单巧玲.2001.沙枣树经济价值与栽培技术.林业科技通讯, (08):41-43
辛艳伟.2007.沙枣的开发和利用.安徽农业科学, (02):34-35
于洪波.1989.沙枣果叶饲料的开发与利用.甘肃林业科技, (4):18-20
于玮玮,阎国荣.2009.沙枣的资源及研究现状.天津农学院学报, (06):16-19
云学英,陈其秀.1998.浅谈沙枣的综合利用.内蒙古林业,(02):33-34
张宝泽,赵可夫.1996.刺槐和沙枣耐盐性能的研究.山东科学,9(2):53-55
张宝泽,曹子谊,赵可夫.1992.盐分胁迫下沙枣某些生理特性的研究.林业科学,(02):65-67
张克.1990.沙枣组织培养研究初报.宁夏林业科技, (4):23-25
张万年,刘泽鹰,王哲民.1986.沙枣树药用价值和有效成分研究的进展.中草药,17(7):41-44
张耀甲.1981.甘肃民勤地区沙枣等植物生理、生态特性的初步研究.植物学报, 23(5):393-399
张应年.1995.沙枣中维生素C的测定.化学世界, 37(7):369-372
赵健,于卫平,白永强,王力,杨红梅.2004.沙旱生植物容器育苗技术.林业科学研究,(S1):112-114
赵克昌.1991.白刺属灌木在黄土丘陵区荒山造林试验.干旱区资源与环境, (6):123
郑科,郎南军,曹福亮,和丽萍,陈鹏,彭明俊.2004.扦插技术研究解析.贵州农业科学, (11):53-55
中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.1983.中国植物志.北京:科学出版社:41-42
周建明.1991.新疆的沙枣资源.生物学杂志,(3):19-20
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