交通事故责任行政与司法认定问题探究
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摘要
交通事故责任认定是审理交通肇事罪、涉交通事故民事纠纷案件中所必经的事实认定,是交通事故肇事者承担刑事或民事责任的重要依据。保证交通事故责任认定的科学性和合理性,在审理交通事故类刑事、民事案件中是实现公平权的重要保障。交通事故责任认定的依据是:公安机关所作的交通事故认定书所载明的事实,以及法院在审理案件过程中根据公安机关所作的交通事故认定书和当事人提供的证据对事故责任所作的认定。公安机关所作的事故责任认定系行政认定,法院在案件审理过程中对事故责任所作的认定是司法认定。二种责任认定在程序、方式、原则、效力等方面各有特点,对交通事故行政与司法认定的特点进行探究,使二者能够实现有机结合、优势互补,建立科学的责任认定体系,消弥现行事故责任认定制度中存在的不足,真正保障公平权的实现,具有较大的现实意义。笔者的研究结论是,我国交通事故责任的行政与司法认定研究还不够全面,对行政认定的程序、依据、责任分担原则、性质、效力的规定不够具体,对司法认定与行政认定作用界定不明,有必要加以完善。
To identify the responsibility of a traffic is to bring traffic accident to trial, and which is the necessary truth identification in the traffic accident civil dispute law case, is the important basis of criminal or civil responsibility that the traffic accident troublemaker should bear to insure the scientificalness and rationality in the identification of traffic accident responsibility is a very important guarantee to realize impartial in criminal and civil cases relating traffic accident. The basis of identifying traffic accident responsibility done by the court in the process hearing a case, according to the traffic accident responsibility is: the turth what traffic accident identification book says, and the identification of accident responsibility identification book and the evidence offered by the interested party. Accident identification done by the public serurity organs is administrative identification, while the accident responsibility identification done by the court in the process hearing a case is judiciary identification. The two kinds of responsibility identification have their own characteristic respectively in porcedure, way, principle and effect. To research the characteristic of the two kinds of responsibility identification, make them combine organically and learning form each other, build a scientfic identification system, letting the difference in the current accident responsibility system go amay, insury the impartial right come ture really, has kind of significance in reality. The author’s resarch conclusion is: the administrative and judiciary identification of traffic accident responsibility in china is not comprehensive; the regulate of procedure, basis, responsibility sharing principle, character and effect of administrative identification is not concrete ;the difference between the judiciary identification and administrative identification is not clear, looking forward to getting better.
To identify the responsibility of a traffic is to bring traffic accident to trial, and which is the necessary truth identification in the traffic accident civil dispute law case, is the important basis of criminal or civil responsibility that the traffic accident troublemaker should bear to insure the scientificalness and rationality in the identification of traffic accident responsibility is a very important guarantee to realize impartial in criminal and civil cases relating traffic accident. The basis of identifying traffic accident responsibility done by the court in the process hearing a case, according to the traffic accident responsibility is: the turth what traffic accident identification book says, and the identification of accident responsibility identification book and the evidence offered by the interested party. Accident identification done by the public serurity organs is administrative identification, while the accident responsibility identification done by the court in the process hearing a case is judiciary identification. The two kinds of responsibility identification have their own characteristic respectively in porcedure, way, principle and effect. To research the characteristic of the two kinds of responsibility identification, make them combine organically and learning form each other, build a scientfic identification system, letting the difference in the current accident responsibility system go amay, insury the impartial right come ture really, has kind of significance in reality. The author’s resarch conclusion is: the administrative and judiciary identification of traffic accident responsibility in china is not comprehensive; the regulate of procedure, basis, responsibility sharing principle, character and effect of administrative identification is not concrete ;the difference between the judiciary identification and administrative identification is not clear, looking forward to getting better.
引文
1《财经报道》网络版《有关新式机动车号牌信息》2002 年 8 月 8 日
2 谷志杰等主编:《交通事故处理及其预防》,中国人民公安大学出版社 2002 年版第 3 页
3 于敏著:《机动车损害赔偿责任与过失相抵》,法律出版社 2004 年版第 4 页
4 参见徐毅刚主编《道路交通事故处理新论》,山东人民出版社 2005 年 10 月第一版第 1-4 页
5 参见 2000 年 11 月 10 日最高人民法院《关于审理交通肇事刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》第 2 条
6 参见《检察日报》2005 年 11 月 17 日刘国辉、董长征《交通事故认定书应界定为鉴定结论》
7 参见《检察日报》2005 年 8 月 23 日王跃进《交通事故认定书不是鉴定结论》
9《对不服交通事故责任认定案件的审理探析》,作者嵇晓红,文章来源:中国法院网
10 参见张琳、高金洪主编《道路交通事故处理实务与案例评析》,中国工商出版社 2003 年 8 月第一版 137 页
1、谷志杰等主编:《交通事故处理及其预防》,中国人民公安大学出版社 2002 年版。
2、于敏著:《机动车损害赔偿责任与过失相抵》,法律出版社 2004年版。
3、徐毅刚主编《道路交通事故处理新论》,山东人民出版社 2005 年10 月第一版。
4、张琳、高金洪主编《道路交通事故处理实务与案例评析》,中国工商出版社 2003 年 8 月第 1 版。
5、梁书文、吴合振主编《交通事故损害赔偿及配套法律法规-行政解释司法解释与典型案例》,中国人民公安大学出版社 2001 年 1 月第 1 版。
6、孙泊生主编《交通事故赔偿与交通肇事罪法律法规及案例评析》,中国方正出版社 2004 年 1 月第 2 版。
7、刘家琛主编《道路交通安全法分解适用集成》,人民法院出版社2005 年 10 月第 1 版。
8、王朝辉、方乐新编著《交通行政执法案例评析》,法律出版社 2005年 9 月第 1 版。
2 谷志杰等主编:《交通事故处理及其预防》,中国人民公安大学出版社 2002 年版第 3 页
3 于敏著:《机动车损害赔偿责任与过失相抵》,法律出版社 2004 年版第 4 页
4 参见徐毅刚主编《道路交通事故处理新论》,山东人民出版社 2005 年 10 月第一版第 1-4 页
5 参见 2000 年 11 月 10 日最高人民法院《关于审理交通肇事刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》第 2 条
6 参见《检察日报》2005 年 11 月 17 日刘国辉、董长征《交通事故认定书应界定为鉴定结论》
7 参见《检察日报》2005 年 8 月 23 日王跃进《交通事故认定书不是鉴定结论》
9《对不服交通事故责任认定案件的审理探析》,作者嵇晓红,文章来源:中国法院网
10 参见张琳、高金洪主编《道路交通事故处理实务与案例评析》,中国工商出版社 2003 年 8 月第一版 137 页
1、谷志杰等主编:《交通事故处理及其预防》,中国人民公安大学出版社 2002 年版。
2、于敏著:《机动车损害赔偿责任与过失相抵》,法律出版社 2004年版。
3、徐毅刚主编《道路交通事故处理新论》,山东人民出版社 2005 年10 月第一版。
4、张琳、高金洪主编《道路交通事故处理实务与案例评析》,中国工商出版社 2003 年 8 月第 1 版。
5、梁书文、吴合振主编《交通事故损害赔偿及配套法律法规-行政解释司法解释与典型案例》,中国人民公安大学出版社 2001 年 1 月第 1 版。
6、孙泊生主编《交通事故赔偿与交通肇事罪法律法规及案例评析》,中国方正出版社 2004 年 1 月第 2 版。
7、刘家琛主编《道路交通安全法分解适用集成》,人民法院出版社2005 年 10 月第 1 版。
8、王朝辉、方乐新编著《交通行政执法案例评析》,法律出版社 2005年 9 月第 1 版。