中国高技术产业技术效率研究
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摘要
高技术产业的发展状况体现了一个国家的经济竞争力和科技实力。面对日趋激烈的国际科技竞争,如何发展中国高技术产业是一个迫切需要解决的问题。因此本文选择“高技术产业”作为研究对象,基于技术效率视角,运用产业经济学、技术经济学、制度经济学等理论,对影响高技术产业增长的因素进行了理论分析和实证分析。通过此项研究,可以了解中国高技术产业技术效率的状况,揭示影响高技术产业技术效率的主要因素,并根据研究结论提出相应的政策建议。本文研究内容主要包括:
第一,深入剖析了技术效率、全要素生产率、劳动生产效率与经济增长之间的关系以及技术效率的测度方法。在对效率和技术效率的基本概念界定的基础上,从制度经济学的视角对技术效率展开分析,明确了技术效率是一种“适应性效率”。以传统的索洛增长核算法为例,分析了技术效率对增长的影响,阐释了技术效率影响经济增长的路径。
第二,构建了一个技术效率与高技术产业发展的理论分析框架。在分析高技术产业内涵的基础之上,构建了技术效率通过提升全要素生产率和劳动生产效率进而促进高技术产业发展的动力模型,并对技术效率还可通过提高一些外部因素对高技术产业产生支持的原理进行阐释,然后进一步分析了技术效率在高技术产业生命周期各阶段中所发挥的作用以及如何协助高技术产业循环发展。
第三,中国高技术产业技术效率的测评。首先,运用基于面板数据的SFA方法对我国高技术产业技术效率水平的实证测算,对高技术产业分地区、分行业的技术效率水平总体状况进行分析;其次,基于省际面板数据和行业面板数据,测算出1996年至2005年高技术产业各区域和各行业技术效率增长值,并借助区域集中度指标,来计算并判断区域集中度对高技术产业技术效率的影响;最后,对我国各区域间的技术效率进行收敛性分析,观察并分析各区域间的差异变动趋势。
第四,影响高技术产业技术效率的因素分析。在对历史文献梳理和高技术产业特点的基础上,提出并分析了对技术效率影响较大的5个重要因素:所有制因素、规模效应、市场结构、金融系统和技术创新。然后从实证角度,对这些因素选取相应的指标,运用基于面板数据的固定效应模型和随机效应模型从地区和行业角度检验它们对技术效率增长的影响程度和作用方向。在以上分析基础之上,运用制度经济学、产业经济学等理论工具系统地提出提升我国高技术产业技术效率的政策建议。
High-tech industries are very important in overall national strength, economic competitive power and scientific and technological strength of a country. Facing fierce competition, how to develop them has become an urgent problem required to be resolved.
This article chooses 'the high-tech industry' as the object of study, from the angle of the technical efficiency theory, using the theories such as industrial economics, technical economics, institutional economic and so on to carried on the theoretical analysis and the empirical analysis to the high-tech industries' development. Through this research, we can have a thorough konwledge of the conditions of the technical efficiency of Chinese high-tech industries and reveal the primary factors affecting the high-tech industries' technical efficiency. According to the research conclusion, we can propose the corresponding policies. The research content mainly includes:
First, the relation among the technical efficiency、the entire essential factor productivity、the labor production efficiency and the economic growth was analyzed thoroughly as well as the measure method of the technical efficiency. Based on the detemination of the basic conception of the efficiency and the technical efficiency, we launches the analysis to the technical efficiency from the system economic's angle and has made clear that the technical efficiency is one kind of 'the compatible efficiency'. Taking the traditional Solow growth calculation method for instance, we analyzed the influence of the technical efficiency to the growth and explained the way of the influence.
Second, the theoretical analysis frame of the technical efficiency and the high-tech industrial development needs to be constructed. Based on the analysis of the high-tech industry connotation, we constructed the dynamic model that the technical efficiency promoted the high-tech industrial development through improving the entire essential factor productivity and the labor production efficiency, and explanated the principle that the technical efficiency might have the support to the high-tech industry through enhancing some external factor. Then, we analyzed the function which the technical efficiency displays in various stages of the high-tech industry life cycle and how to assist the high-tech industry to carry on recycle development.
Third, the technical efficiency of Chinese high-tech industry was evaluated. To begin with, we made use of the empirical estimation for the technical efficiency of Chinese high-tech industry based on the SFA method to analyze the overall condition of the technical efficiency level in terms of different areas and sectors of the high-tech industry. Next, according to the interprovincial panel datas and the industrial panel datas, we surveyed the growth value of the technical efficiency of various regions and various industries in high-tech industry from 1995 to 2005. Moreover, we judged the influence of the regional discretion centralism degree to the high-tech industry technical efficiency with the aid of the region centralized degree target. Finally, we carry on the convergence analysis to the technical efficiency of every region in China and observe and analyze the change tendency of each regional difference.
Fourth, the factors affecting the technical efficiency of the high-tech industry were analyzed. Based on the arrangment and summary to the historical document, we proposed and analysised 5 important factors that had great effect on the technical efficiency: System of ownership, scale effect, market mechanism, financial system and technological innovation. Then from the angle of empirical analysis, we selected the corresponding target for the five factors to examine the influence degree and the function direction of the five factors to the technical efficiency using the fixed effect model and the random effect model based on the panel data from local and industrial angle.Finally,based on the establishment of the theoretical model and the conclusion of the empirical examination, we draw the basic conclusion of the research combining with the present situation of the technical efficiency in Chinese high-tech industry.As toward the key factors that affect on the technical efficiency, we systematically put forward the policies and measures to promote the technical efficiency of Chinese high-tech industry using the theorical tools of system economic、industrial economics and so on.
第一,深入剖析了技术效率、全要素生产率、劳动生产效率与经济增长之间的关系以及技术效率的测度方法。在对效率和技术效率的基本概念界定的基础上,从制度经济学的视角对技术效率展开分析,明确了技术效率是一种“适应性效率”。以传统的索洛增长核算法为例,分析了技术效率对增长的影响,阐释了技术效率影响经济增长的路径。
第二,构建了一个技术效率与高技术产业发展的理论分析框架。在分析高技术产业内涵的基础之上,构建了技术效率通过提升全要素生产率和劳动生产效率进而促进高技术产业发展的动力模型,并对技术效率还可通过提高一些外部因素对高技术产业产生支持的原理进行阐释,然后进一步分析了技术效率在高技术产业生命周期各阶段中所发挥的作用以及如何协助高技术产业循环发展。
第三,中国高技术产业技术效率的测评。首先,运用基于面板数据的SFA方法对我国高技术产业技术效率水平的实证测算,对高技术产业分地区、分行业的技术效率水平总体状况进行分析;其次,基于省际面板数据和行业面板数据,测算出1996年至2005年高技术产业各区域和各行业技术效率增长值,并借助区域集中度指标,来计算并判断区域集中度对高技术产业技术效率的影响;最后,对我国各区域间的技术效率进行收敛性分析,观察并分析各区域间的差异变动趋势。
第四,影响高技术产业技术效率的因素分析。在对历史文献梳理和高技术产业特点的基础上,提出并分析了对技术效率影响较大的5个重要因素:所有制因素、规模效应、市场结构、金融系统和技术创新。然后从实证角度,对这些因素选取相应的指标,运用基于面板数据的固定效应模型和随机效应模型从地区和行业角度检验它们对技术效率增长的影响程度和作用方向。在以上分析基础之上,运用制度经济学、产业经济学等理论工具系统地提出提升我国高技术产业技术效率的政策建议。
High-tech industries are very important in overall national strength, economic competitive power and scientific and technological strength of a country. Facing fierce competition, how to develop them has become an urgent problem required to be resolved.
This article chooses 'the high-tech industry' as the object of study, from the angle of the technical efficiency theory, using the theories such as industrial economics, technical economics, institutional economic and so on to carried on the theoretical analysis and the empirical analysis to the high-tech industries' development. Through this research, we can have a thorough konwledge of the conditions of the technical efficiency of Chinese high-tech industries and reveal the primary factors affecting the high-tech industries' technical efficiency. According to the research conclusion, we can propose the corresponding policies. The research content mainly includes:
First, the relation among the technical efficiency、the entire essential factor productivity、the labor production efficiency and the economic growth was analyzed thoroughly as well as the measure method of the technical efficiency. Based on the detemination of the basic conception of the efficiency and the technical efficiency, we launches the analysis to the technical efficiency from the system economic's angle and has made clear that the technical efficiency is one kind of 'the compatible efficiency'. Taking the traditional Solow growth calculation method for instance, we analyzed the influence of the technical efficiency to the growth and explained the way of the influence.
Second, the theoretical analysis frame of the technical efficiency and the high-tech industrial development needs to be constructed. Based on the analysis of the high-tech industry connotation, we constructed the dynamic model that the technical efficiency promoted the high-tech industrial development through improving the entire essential factor productivity and the labor production efficiency, and explanated the principle that the technical efficiency might have the support to the high-tech industry through enhancing some external factor. Then, we analyzed the function which the technical efficiency displays in various stages of the high-tech industry life cycle and how to assist the high-tech industry to carry on recycle development.
Third, the technical efficiency of Chinese high-tech industry was evaluated. To begin with, we made use of the empirical estimation for the technical efficiency of Chinese high-tech industry based on the SFA method to analyze the overall condition of the technical efficiency level in terms of different areas and sectors of the high-tech industry. Next, according to the interprovincial panel datas and the industrial panel datas, we surveyed the growth value of the technical efficiency of various regions and various industries in high-tech industry from 1995 to 2005. Moreover, we judged the influence of the regional discretion centralism degree to the high-tech industry technical efficiency with the aid of the region centralized degree target. Finally, we carry on the convergence analysis to the technical efficiency of every region in China and observe and analyze the change tendency of each regional difference.
Fourth, the factors affecting the technical efficiency of the high-tech industry were analyzed. Based on the arrangment and summary to the historical document, we proposed and analysised 5 important factors that had great effect on the technical efficiency: System of ownership, scale effect, market mechanism, financial system and technological innovation. Then from the angle of empirical analysis, we selected the corresponding target for the five factors to examine the influence degree and the function direction of the five factors to the technical efficiency using the fixed effect model and the random effect model based on the panel data from local and industrial angle.Finally,based on the establishment of the theoretical model and the conclusion of the empirical examination, we draw the basic conclusion of the research combining with the present situation of the technical efficiency in Chinese high-tech industry.As toward the key factors that affect on the technical efficiency, we systematically put forward the policies and measures to promote the technical efficiency of Chinese high-tech industry using the theorical tools of system economic、industrial economics and so on.
引文
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