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青海省基础教育课程资源开发的策略研究
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摘要
大力推进素质教育是我国基础教育迎接21世纪挑战的重大举措。为了推进素质教育,深化课程改革是当务之急。课程是学校教育的心脏和发动机,是推进素质教育的突破口。为此,国家基础教育课程改革正在如火如荼的展开。在课程改革中,课程资源的开发利用是其亮点,也是难点。长期以来,由于中央集权课程的课程管理体制,课程资源的价值和作用不为人们所重视。但随着课程改革实验的推进,开发课程资源的重要性日渐突出。为了使学生在课程学习过程中获得最佳的发展,就应当把各地区、各学校所潜存的多种课程资源充分地加以开发,以确保国家课程标准的达成和教育质量的提升。显然,课程资源的开发是建立三级课程体系的重大举措,它对体现以学生发展为本、实现教师的专业发展是有重要价值的。
     本文认为,课程资源的开发程度决定和制约课程的价值及课程目标的实现水平。为此,对课程资源开发中的理念问题进行了阐释:课程资源是丰富的,其具有丰富性、开放性、差异性、多质性和生动性等特点;审视了目前理论界和实践层在认识课程资源时所存有的几种误区;从多角度对课程资源进行分类,构建了课程资源的次序和系统;主张课程资源开发的价值取向是使各地区各学校最大程度地达到国家课程标准,使地方教育更有特点,学校更有特色,学生更具有个性化。
     本文认为,课程资源是极其丰富的。我国地域辽阔,民族众多,地区间的经济、文化水平差异较大,文化资源十分丰富。因此,课程资源开发应体现出区域性、多样性和灵活性特点。尤其对青海这样一个民族性、区域性特征显著的地区来说更是如此。青海是一个多民族聚居的省区,资源丰富、物华天宝。在漫长的历史进程中,青海省内的各民族创造了丰富多彩的具有区域特色的民族文化。但是以往的中央集权课程管理体制,不仅使青海蕴藏的课程资源遭到浪费,其潜在的自然、文化等教育价值无以体现和发展,也难以使青海多民族地区的基础教育体现出自身的特色与优势。超越式发展几近成为可望不可及的理想。青海在推进基础教育课程改革的过程中,必须从更新课程观念、改革课程体系入手,充分地认识和挖掘当地及学校所潜存的课程资源,发挥其教育价值。
     为此,本文提出了青海省课程资源开发必须遵循开放性、有序性、差异性、
    
    经济性与适应性的基本原则。在此基础上,课程资源开发的具体办法是用动各方
    积极因素,投入到课程活动;对文化资源进行科学加工,使其转化为课程资源;
    规范课程资源开发程序,提高开发的能力与水平。课程资源开发的步骤是组建课
    程资源开发专家组:构建各地课程资源库;制定课程资源开发的审批程序;强化
    课程资源开发工作的督导与评价。同时文中还提出了课程资源开发的几点具体建
    议:加大课程资源的培训力度,积极开展校本教师培训;鼓励和支持学生参与课
    程资源的开发;减少教学管理制度对教师束缚,予以教师一个宽松的环境:加强
    多方交流,获得社会的广泛支持:确保和加大课程改革的投入,尽力利用信息技
    术和互联网络:健全课程评价体系。以资青海课程资源开发工作能够得到落实。
To promote quality education greatly is the important measures to meet the challenge of 21st century. To promote quality education, the urgency is to deepen curriculum reform. Curriculum is the heart and engine and also breach of school education. Therefore national fundamental education curriculum reform spreads quickly. During it, how to exploit and utilize curriculum resource are both highlight and problem. Because of the long-term center-curriculum-management system in China, the valve and role of curriculum draw little attention by people. With the curriculum reform test going forward, the importance of exploiting the curriculum resource shows increasingly importance. The potential various of curriculum resource of schools in many places should be fully exploited and utilized in order to insure the students to develop fully and also reach and promote the standard of national curriculum standard. Obviously, the development of curriculum is an important measure to establish three levels curriculum system. It's very valuable to embody the student-center-development, and complete teachers professionalization.
    This thesis thins that the degree of curriculum development restrains the levels of value and complete goal of curriculum. So, the thesis explains the concepts of curriculum development. Curriculum resource are ample; have such features as abundance, openness, discrepancy, liveliness and many qualities. The thesis surveys several faults ideas in present the critical circle and practical layers when they realize and practice the curriculum resource. The thesis also classifies the curriculum resource from many angles and teaching-layers and system of curriculum resource .The thesis advocate that the value orientation of curriculum resource development is to make each school of various places reach the national curriculum standard level to fully degree, make the local education and schools more characteristics, and students more personalization.
    This thesis thinks that curriculum resource are extremely abundant. The region of our country is vast. She has many nations and the discrepancy of cultures of nations and economy between areas are large; she has got abundant cultural resource. Curriculum
    
    
    
    reso e development should embody the features of district, variety, and flexibility, espe ly for such a multinational and notable regional features of province as Qing hai.
    Qinghai, a multinational inhabited area, has abundant resource. In the process of long istory, people in Qinghai create rightful and colorful regional national culture. But undethe center-curriculum-management system, the curriculum of Qing hai is not only wast and her potential value of nature and culture cannot be embodied and developed but o her advantages and features of multinational region basis education cannot be emb ied. So surmountable type development is nearly to be expected but not to reach. Qingai, in the process of promoting her curriculum reform, must first update her curr dum concept, reform her system, fully realize and dig the local and school's latent curri lum resource, developing its educational value.
    So, this thesis rises that the development of curriculum resource in Qinghai must follow such fundamental principles as openness, order ness and discrepancy, cano ization and suitability. On the about bases, the concert methods on curriculum reso ce development are to encourage all the actins factors to involve into the currio lum activity; to make scientific use of cultural resource, transferring them into curri ulum resource, to discipline the procedure of curriculum resource development, improving her development abilities and levels.
    The steps of curriculum resource development are to form an exports group, for build local curriculum resource sacrament, write out the procedure for deliberation, and strengthen her assessment and instructions of curriculum resource work. Meanwhile the thesis gives out several concrete suggestions on how to develop curriculum resource, emphases the training degree on develop cu
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