网络信息资源的亲权关系模型研究
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摘要
在以网络社区为代表的信息系统中,大量的信息资源(用户、软件、数据等)相互交往、渗透,形成了复杂、演变的关系,这种关系是信息活动的基础,也是构成信息系统复杂性的重要原因。研究网络信息资源间的关系,对于解决信息资源的可信判定,安全访问、审计追踪具有重要的价值和意义。比如：我们可以利用网络资源在传播过程中由于复制、修改形成的衍生关系,了解信息的演变过程,计算信息来源的可信度；可以利用信息资源间的链接、通讯等各种交互关系,对资源的安全性进行分析等等。
如何在开放式环境下,对网络信息资源间的这种衍生和交往关系进行建模成为一个亟待解决的问题。近年来,人们提出了各种理论来描述网络信息资源间的复杂关系,比如：社会网络分析和复杂网络研究可以用来对信息资源间的交互关系进行建模,数据起源研究了数据的演变历史等,然而由于网络信息资源数目庞大、关系复杂且动态变化,难以用一个网状、图结构来描述所有对象的衍生和交往关系：①现有的社会网络和复杂网络分析方法主要关注的是网络抽象出来的结构特性,缺乏对具体关系性质及其动态特征的描述。②目前,数据起源研究主要在封闭式环境下,采用“观察者”模式获取所有的起源信息,对于开放式环境下的信息资源衍生关系建模还没有得到很好的解决。
在信息活动中,信息资源自主交往、渗透,形成了衍生、调用、组合、协同等关系使得信息系统越来越接近社会系统、生态系统等复杂系统。从社会和历史学家的角度看,人类社会中,人们在生产、生活活动中,产生的各种关系(血缘、同乡、学术、同事等等),形成了人们交往、社会活动的基础。同样,在信息系统中信息资源间的衍生和交互关系类似于人类社会的这种血缘关系和社会关系。这种高度的相似性为描述信息资源之间复杂关系提供了一种新的思路。
本文引入社会学中的“亲权”这一概念对网络信息资源间的衍生关系和交往关系进行统一描述。借鉴社会学中关系的描述机制,建立信息资源的亲权关系模型,描述信息资源的复杂、演变关系。从信息资源个体的角度出发,在资源个体层面对其衍生关系和交往关系进行统一建模,然后通过关系鉴定模式实现多个资源间相互关系的判定,解决开放式环境下信息资源间复杂、演变关系的建模问题。
在信息资源关系的表述机制上,本文借鉴人类社会血缘关系的描述机制,采用家族树描述网络信息资源的衍生关系,并且给出相关的运算结构；借鉴人类社会交往关系描述机制,采用关系网络描述信息资源间的交互关系,研究了相关的运算、演变机制和关系的生命周期。
以网络社区为代表的信息系统已经成为社会系统的延伸,随着社会关系的嵌入,网络信息资源间的关系也具备了相应的社会性。比如：在网络游戏社区中,用户资源会形成种族、帮派、同盟、师徒、朋友等各种关系,关系之间又存在着相容、互斥、传递等各种属性约束,这些关系是游戏活动的基础。从这个角度看,信息资源间的关系是多元的,具有相应的语义。本文针对信息资源间多元关系的描述问题,建立关系属性本体,实现关系属性在概念模型上的统一,描述了关系属性的层次结构及其约束机制,研究基于描述逻辑的本体的推理机制,为关系鉴定中的推理服务提供了基础。
由于采用基于资源个体的关系建模机制,为了判定多个信息资源间的关系,这就需要相应的关系鉴定机制。本文借鉴人类社会关系鉴定的机制,利用关系本体计算关系的语义距离,从信息资源间相近的关系出发进行关系鉴定,从而降低鉴定的复杂度。然后,分别研究了基于家族树和关系网络的三种鉴定方式：Easy模式、Common模式、Hard模式,并给出了相应的鉴定算法和解决问题的思路。
最后,本文把亲权关系模型应用到网络社区安全,采用挑战／应答的模式,利用用户在社区中形成的各种关系作为挑战问题,实现动态身份认证；利用本体进行推理对用户设置的各种关系规则进行验证,实现权限的控制。在此基础上,建立原型系统,验证了亲权模型的有效性。
In the information system such as network community, a large number of information resources (users, software, data, etc.) interact each other, they form complex relationship which is not only the base of various information activities, but also a important reasons of complex information system.It is important for researching these relationship,we can make use of them to solve some question: information trust,access control,audit and track etc.For example,when information rescource copy,revise etc,there will form derivative relationship,we can make use of it to compute the information trust;when information rescource communicate each other, there will form interactions relationship, we can make use of it to implement security analysis.
How to describe the relationships between information resource is a important question.In recent years, various theories have been proposed to describe the complex relationships between information resources, for example:social network analysis and complex network can be used to describe the interactions relationship between the information resources,the data origin can describe the evolution history of data, but because the large number of network information resources, relations are complex and dynamic change, difficult to use a network, graph structure to describe the interaction and derivatives relationship of all objects:①the social networks and complex network analysis are concerned with the structural characteristics of the network, lacking the the description the nature of the relationship and the dynamic characteristics.②Now, the data origin research, mainly in a closed environment, getting all the origin of information by "observer" mode. The problem about data origin under open environment have not been solved better.
Therefore, the complex and evolving relationship of network information resources is no longer a map, network structure can describe the static relationship, but a typical complex ecosystems.From the social point of view, in human society, people form a variety of relationships (family, schoolmates, hometown, academic, colleagues, etc.) in the production and living activities, this relationship is the basis of social activities. Information activities, interaction, calling,derive, which is similar to the relationship of human society. It is similar to describe the complex relationship between information resources and human society,so we can learn form human society to describe the relationship of information resource.
In this dissertation,we adopt the "paternity" concept to describe the interaction and derivative relationship.We learn from description mechanism of sociology, establish a parental relationship model which can describe the complexity relationship of information resources. What's more, "Local Approximation+the global" approach is adopted.From the perspective of individual information resources, describes the relationship with other resources, and then make use of the relationship identification mechanism to judge the relationship, to resolve describe question about relationship of information resources.
In this dissertation, learn from the description of pedigree in human society, we make use of the family tree to descbibe the derivative relationship, and give an associated computing structures; learn from the description of the human social interaction mechanism,adopt relational network describle the inteactionl relationship.
The information system has become an extension of the social system, with the social relations embedded in the information system. For example:in the online game community, users will form a race, alliances, mentor, friend and other relationships,they are the basis of game activity. From this perspective, the relationship between information resources are diverse, and they have the different semantics.As the relationship between information resources can have different types of family trees and networks, so it is nessary to describle multiple relationships of information resources.In this paper, a relationship ontology is established, which describes the hierarchy of relationship, and implement the reasoning mechanism based on descrip tion logic.
In this dissertation,we adopt local relationship description mechanism, so it is nessary to establish a relationship identification mechanism to judg the relationship of information resource.According to complexity, we studied the three ways:Easy mode, Common Mode, Hard Mode. In order to effectively reduce the complexity, firstly,we calculate the properties of similarity relations, starting search from the close relationship.
Finally, this parental relationship model is applied to security of the network community, adopt challenge/response mode, make use of the relationships as challenges questions, achieve dynamic authentication; make use of ontology reasoning to validate the security rules which was setted by files owner, achieve authority control. Lastly, a prototype system has been established to verify the validity of the model.
如何在开放式环境下,对网络信息资源间的这种衍生和交往关系进行建模成为一个亟待解决的问题。近年来,人们提出了各种理论来描述网络信息资源间的复杂关系,比如：社会网络分析和复杂网络研究可以用来对信息资源间的交互关系进行建模,数据起源研究了数据的演变历史等,然而由于网络信息资源数目庞大、关系复杂且动态变化,难以用一个网状、图结构来描述所有对象的衍生和交往关系：①现有的社会网络和复杂网络分析方法主要关注的是网络抽象出来的结构特性,缺乏对具体关系性质及其动态特征的描述。②目前,数据起源研究主要在封闭式环境下,采用“观察者”模式获取所有的起源信息,对于开放式环境下的信息资源衍生关系建模还没有得到很好的解决。
在信息活动中,信息资源自主交往、渗透,形成了衍生、调用、组合、协同等关系使得信息系统越来越接近社会系统、生态系统等复杂系统。从社会和历史学家的角度看,人类社会中,人们在生产、生活活动中,产生的各种关系(血缘、同乡、学术、同事等等),形成了人们交往、社会活动的基础。同样,在信息系统中信息资源间的衍生和交互关系类似于人类社会的这种血缘关系和社会关系。这种高度的相似性为描述信息资源之间复杂关系提供了一种新的思路。
本文引入社会学中的“亲权”这一概念对网络信息资源间的衍生关系和交往关系进行统一描述。借鉴社会学中关系的描述机制,建立信息资源的亲权关系模型,描述信息资源的复杂、演变关系。从信息资源个体的角度出发,在资源个体层面对其衍生关系和交往关系进行统一建模,然后通过关系鉴定模式实现多个资源间相互关系的判定,解决开放式环境下信息资源间复杂、演变关系的建模问题。
在信息资源关系的表述机制上,本文借鉴人类社会血缘关系的描述机制,采用家族树描述网络信息资源的衍生关系,并且给出相关的运算结构；借鉴人类社会交往关系描述机制,采用关系网络描述信息资源间的交互关系,研究了相关的运算、演变机制和关系的生命周期。
以网络社区为代表的信息系统已经成为社会系统的延伸,随着社会关系的嵌入,网络信息资源间的关系也具备了相应的社会性。比如：在网络游戏社区中,用户资源会形成种族、帮派、同盟、师徒、朋友等各种关系,关系之间又存在着相容、互斥、传递等各种属性约束,这些关系是游戏活动的基础。从这个角度看,信息资源间的关系是多元的,具有相应的语义。本文针对信息资源间多元关系的描述问题,建立关系属性本体,实现关系属性在概念模型上的统一,描述了关系属性的层次结构及其约束机制,研究基于描述逻辑的本体的推理机制,为关系鉴定中的推理服务提供了基础。
由于采用基于资源个体的关系建模机制,为了判定多个信息资源间的关系,这就需要相应的关系鉴定机制。本文借鉴人类社会关系鉴定的机制,利用关系本体计算关系的语义距离,从信息资源间相近的关系出发进行关系鉴定,从而降低鉴定的复杂度。然后,分别研究了基于家族树和关系网络的三种鉴定方式：Easy模式、Common模式、Hard模式,并给出了相应的鉴定算法和解决问题的思路。
最后,本文把亲权关系模型应用到网络社区安全,采用挑战／应答的模式,利用用户在社区中形成的各种关系作为挑战问题,实现动态身份认证；利用本体进行推理对用户设置的各种关系规则进行验证,实现权限的控制。在此基础上,建立原型系统,验证了亲权模型的有效性。
In the information system such as network community, a large number of information resources (users, software, data, etc.) interact each other, they form complex relationship which is not only the base of various information activities, but also a important reasons of complex information system.It is important for researching these relationship,we can make use of them to solve some question: information trust,access control,audit and track etc.For example,when information rescource copy,revise etc,there will form derivative relationship,we can make use of it to compute the information trust;when information rescource communicate each other, there will form interactions relationship, we can make use of it to implement security analysis.
How to describe the relationships between information resource is a important question.In recent years, various theories have been proposed to describe the complex relationships between information resources, for example:social network analysis and complex network can be used to describe the interactions relationship between the information resources,the data origin can describe the evolution history of data, but because the large number of network information resources, relations are complex and dynamic change, difficult to use a network, graph structure to describe the interaction and derivatives relationship of all objects:①the social networks and complex network analysis are concerned with the structural characteristics of the network, lacking the the description the nature of the relationship and the dynamic characteristics.②Now, the data origin research, mainly in a closed environment, getting all the origin of information by "observer" mode. The problem about data origin under open environment have not been solved better.
Therefore, the complex and evolving relationship of network information resources is no longer a map, network structure can describe the static relationship, but a typical complex ecosystems.From the social point of view, in human society, people form a variety of relationships (family, schoolmates, hometown, academic, colleagues, etc.) in the production and living activities, this relationship is the basis of social activities. Information activities, interaction, calling,derive, which is similar to the relationship of human society. It is similar to describe the complex relationship between information resources and human society,so we can learn form human society to describe the relationship of information resource.
In this dissertation,we adopt the "paternity" concept to describe the interaction and derivative relationship.We learn from description mechanism of sociology, establish a parental relationship model which can describe the complexity relationship of information resources. What's more, "Local Approximation+the global" approach is adopted.From the perspective of individual information resources, describes the relationship with other resources, and then make use of the relationship identification mechanism to judge the relationship, to resolve describe question about relationship of information resources.
In this dissertation, learn from the description of pedigree in human society, we make use of the family tree to descbibe the derivative relationship, and give an associated computing structures; learn from the description of the human social interaction mechanism,adopt relational network describle the inteactionl relationship.
The information system has become an extension of the social system, with the social relations embedded in the information system. For example:in the online game community, users will form a race, alliances, mentor, friend and other relationships,they are the basis of game activity. From this perspective, the relationship between information resources are diverse, and they have the different semantics.As the relationship between information resources can have different types of family trees and networks, so it is nessary to describle multiple relationships of information resources.In this paper, a relationship ontology is established, which describes the hierarchy of relationship, and implement the reasoning mechanism based on descrip tion logic.
In this dissertation,we adopt local relationship description mechanism, so it is nessary to establish a relationship identification mechanism to judg the relationship of information resource.According to complexity, we studied the three ways:Easy mode, Common Mode, Hard Mode. In order to effectively reduce the complexity, firstly,we calculate the properties of similarity relations, starting search from the close relationship.
Finally, this parental relationship model is applied to security of the network community, adopt challenge/response mode, make use of the relationships as challenges questions, achieve dynamic authentication; make use of ontology reasoning to validate the security rules which was setted by files owner, achieve authority control. Lastly, a prototype system has been established to verify the validity of the model.
引文
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