高性能纳米陶瓷刀具及切削性能研究
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摘要
在现代化加工过程中,提高加工效率的最有效方法是采用高速切削加工技术,随着现代科学技术和生产的发展,越来越多地采用超硬难加工材料,以提高机器设备的使用寿命和工作性能。而陶瓷刀具则以其优异的耐热性、耐磨性和化学稳定性以及高硬度,在高速切削领域和难加工材料方面显示了传统刀具无法比拟的优势。特别是近几年来,随着纳米技术的发展,世界各国竞相在纳米陶瓷刀具领域投入大量的人力和财力进行研究,用纳米材料开发的刀具,其力学性能和使用性能会大大提高,生产纳米复合陶瓷刀具,将有巨大的市场前景。纳米复相陶瓷刀具材料的研究成功有望从根本上解决陶瓷材料的脆性问题,比起传统刀具陶瓷刀具材料,它具有更高的抗弯强度、断裂韧度等力学性能。
本课题是以氧化铝为基体,添加纳米级碳化物、硼化物和特殊添加剂,利用纳米陶瓷粉末的优异性能,提高材料的断裂韧性和抗疲劳性能,从陶瓷刀具切削可靠性要求出发,对纳米陶瓷刀具材料的组份、界面微观结构和制备工艺进行设计。研究纳米陶瓷粉末增韧机理,从根本上解决陶瓷刀具材料脆性高的问题。研究纳米陶瓷刀具的力学性能和切削性能,开发出适于高速硬态干式切削加工用高断裂韧性纳米陶瓷切削刀具。本课题研究的理论成果对于深入认识纳米陶瓷刀具材料的微观本质、力学性能和切削性能之间的关系有着重要的理论意义,对于推动纳米陶瓷刀具材料的设计、开发、推广应用以及产业化进程有重要的指导作用。
In the process of modernization cutting, full out method of increasing work efficiency is adopting high speed cutting technology, with development of modern technology and production, more and more adopting exceed forcedly difficult machining material, in oeder to advance use life and work performance of equipment. Ceramic tool with excellent enduring hot, abrade, chemistry certain and high rigidity, showing unable assimilate advantage in high cutting and difficult machining material. Especially near years, with development of nano metre technology, lots of countries in world dive into a mass of manpower and resource to study, mechanical properties, using ability of exploituring tools will greatly increase, produce nano-scale or ceramic tool, it will have huge market foreground. Mechanical properties of nano-scale ceramics, such as strength and toughness are superior to that of traditional ceramics, Nano-scale has become an effective way to improve the mechanical properties of traditional ceramics.
Alumina is used in this paper, and append nano-metre carbide , boride and additive, using excellent capability of nano-composite ceramics powder, to enhance part tenacity and fatigue capability, from the dependable capability of ceramics tool set out,designing element, micromechanism of interface and making technics. Studying the add tenacity Mechanism nano-composite ceramics powder,in order to solve the question of high brittleness of ceramics tool material.Researching mechanical properties and cutting ability of nano-composite ceramics tool , to empolder high part tenacity nano-composite ceramics tool for in high speed dry cutting. The theory harvest of this paper have important theory meaning for knowing the connection of microcosmic essence , mechanical properties and cutting ability of nano-composite ceramics tool material, it has important guidance effect for promoting designing, empoldering , application nano-composite ceramics tool material and industrialization course.
本课题是以氧化铝为基体,添加纳米级碳化物、硼化物和特殊添加剂,利用纳米陶瓷粉末的优异性能,提高材料的断裂韧性和抗疲劳性能,从陶瓷刀具切削可靠性要求出发,对纳米陶瓷刀具材料的组份、界面微观结构和制备工艺进行设计。研究纳米陶瓷粉末增韧机理,从根本上解决陶瓷刀具材料脆性高的问题。研究纳米陶瓷刀具的力学性能和切削性能,开发出适于高速硬态干式切削加工用高断裂韧性纳米陶瓷切削刀具。本课题研究的理论成果对于深入认识纳米陶瓷刀具材料的微观本质、力学性能和切削性能之间的关系有着重要的理论意义,对于推动纳米陶瓷刀具材料的设计、开发、推广应用以及产业化进程有重要的指导作用。
In the process of modernization cutting, full out method of increasing work efficiency is adopting high speed cutting technology, with development of modern technology and production, more and more adopting exceed forcedly difficult machining material, in oeder to advance use life and work performance of equipment. Ceramic tool with excellent enduring hot, abrade, chemistry certain and high rigidity, showing unable assimilate advantage in high cutting and difficult machining material. Especially near years, with development of nano metre technology, lots of countries in world dive into a mass of manpower and resource to study, mechanical properties, using ability of exploituring tools will greatly increase, produce nano-scale or ceramic tool, it will have huge market foreground. Mechanical properties of nano-scale ceramics, such as strength and toughness are superior to that of traditional ceramics, Nano-scale has become an effective way to improve the mechanical properties of traditional ceramics.
Alumina is used in this paper, and append nano-metre carbide , boride and additive, using excellent capability of nano-composite ceramics powder, to enhance part tenacity and fatigue capability, from the dependable capability of ceramics tool set out,designing element, micromechanism of interface and making technics. Studying the add tenacity Mechanism nano-composite ceramics powder,in order to solve the question of high brittleness of ceramics tool material.Researching mechanical properties and cutting ability of nano-composite ceramics tool , to empolder high part tenacity nano-composite ceramics tool for in high speed dry cutting. The theory harvest of this paper have important theory meaning for knowing the connection of microcosmic essence , mechanical properties and cutting ability of nano-composite ceramics tool material, it has important guidance effect for promoting designing, empoldering , application nano-composite ceramics tool material and industrialization course.
引文
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2.周曦亚,方培育.现代陶瓷刀具材料的发展[J].中国陶瓷,2005(2):51-54.
3.叶毅,叶伟昌.陶瓷刀具材料的种类与应用[J].硬质合金,2003(9):184-187.
4.吴敏镜.切削工具材料的发展综述[J].航空精密制造技术,1998(4):2-5.
5.新原浩一,中平敦.最近の微粒子制御技术[J].粉体工学会志,1993,30(1):870-877.
6.Niihara.K.New design of structural ceramics-ceramic nanocomposites[J].Journal of the Ceramic society of Japan,1991,99(10):974-984.
7.K.Niihara,A.Nakahira.Structural ceramics Nanocomposites by sintering Method:Roles of Nano-size Particles.In Ceramics:Towards the 21st Centue.The Ceram.Soc.of Japan.1991:404-417.
8.Zhao.J,Stearns.L.C,Harmer.M.P,Chan.H.M,Milleg.A.and Cook.R.E Mechanical Behavior of Alumina-SilieonCarbde.Nano composite[J].Am.Soc.1993,76(2):503-509.
9.Schmid.H.K,Asian.M,Assmann.S Nab.Rand Schmidt.H.Microstructual characterization of Al_2O_3/SiC Nano composites[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,1998,(18):39-49.
10.赵振波.自韧化氮化硅陶瓷的研究与进展[J].无机材料学报,1997,(1):1-8.
11.H yong joon Pank,H youn-Ee Kim and K oichi Niihara.Microstructure and High-Temperature Strength of Si_3N_4/SiC Nano composite[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,1998,(18):907-909.
12.Deock-Sco Cheong,K wang-Tack H wang and H ang-Sam Kim.Fabrication mechanical properties and microstructure analysis of Si_3N_4/SiC Nano composite [J].Composites Part A3,1999,(30):425-427.
13.Martir Sternitzk Review.Structural ceramics-ceramic nanocomposites [J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,1997,(17):1061-1082.
14.金正爱,邱向东.纳米陶瓷复合材料的制备及特性,中国有色金属学报,1998,9(18):124-128.
15.张伟儒,顾培芷,王长文.Si_3N_4/纳米SiC复相陶瓷的研究[J].硅酸盐学报,1998,(1):4-9.
16.高廉.纳米复相陶瓷[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
17.Niihara.K.New design of structural ceramics-ceramic nanocomposites [J].Journal of the Ceramic society of Japan,1991,99(10):974-984.
18.杨辉,张大海,葛曼玲.Al_2O_3-SiCn纳米复合陶瓷表面加工特性[J].现代技术陶瓷,1998,19(3):238-243.
19.戴遐明.纳米陶瓷材料及其应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005.
20.Bamba N,Choa Y,Sekino T,Niihara K.Mechanical properties and mierostructure for 3 mol%yttria doped zirconia / silicon carbide nanocomp,psites?[j].9.Jouraal of the Europen Ceramic Society,2003,23(4):773-780.
21.Nawa M,Banba N,Sekino T,Niihara K.The efect of TiO_2 addition on atmngthenlng and toughening in intragranular type of 12Ce-TZP/Al_2O_3nanocomposites[J].Journal of the Europen Ceramic Society,1998,18(3):209-219.
22.Ai Xing,Li Zhaoqian,Deng Jianxin.Development and Perspective of Ceramic Cutting Tool Materials.Special Volume of Key Engineering Materials.Trans Tech Publications Ltd Sweitzerland,1995,53.
23.E.I.Givargizov:pp79 in Current Topics in Materials Science Vol.1 Edited by E.Kaldis,(North-Holland Publishing Company,Amsterdam,The Netherlands 1978.
24.N.Ahlen,M.Johnsson and M.Nygren.Carbothermal Synthesis of TiC Whiskers via a Vapor-Liquid-Solid Growth Mechanism.J.Am.Ceram.Soc.1996,79:2803-2808.
25.肖诗纲.现代刀具材料[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1992.
26.E.O.Ezuquw.Manufacture and Properties of Ceramic Tools-a Review Mater.Sci.Tech.1987,3(11):881.
27.Funabashi Tony.High Metal Removal Rates with Ceramics Carbide and Tool Journal.1985,5:22-25.
28.郭景坤,诸培南.复相陶瓷材料的设计原则[J].硅酸盐学报.1996,24(1):7-12.
29.郭景坤.从复合材料到多项材料[J].材料研究报.2000,14(2):124-126.
30.A.Nakahira,and K.Niihara.Sintering Behaviors and Consolidation Process for A1203/SiC Nanocomposites.J.Ceram.Soc.Jpn.1992,100:448-453.
31.K.Niihara and A.Nakahira.Strengthening of Oxide Ceramics by SiC and Si3N4Dispersion.In Proc.3rd.Int.Syrup.on Ceramic Materials and Components for Engines,ed.V.J.Tennery.Westerville Ohio.1988:919-926.
32.K.Niihara,A.Nakahira.Strengthening and Toughening Mechanisms in Nanocomposite Ceramics.Ann.Chim.Fr.1991,16:479-486.
33.李湘洲.纳米陶瓷材料的现状与前景[J].佛山陶瓷,2002,12(1):36-38.
34.梁忠友,王介峰,韩丽.纳米陶瓷成型、烧结方法研究进展[J].佛山陶瓷,2001.11(3):8-10.
35.Niihara.K.New design of structural ceramics-ceramic nanocomposites [J].Cerm.Soc.Jpn,1991(99):974-984.
36.李理,杨丰科,侯耀永.纳米颗粒陶瓷复合材料,材料导报,1996,(4):67-73.
37.郭小龙,陈沙鸥,戚凭,潘秀红.纳米颗粒对陶瓷材料力学性能的影响[J].青岛大学学报.2000,2:60-64.
38.李勇.纳米复合陶瓷[J].现代技术陶瓷.1995,(3):28-31.
39.艾兴,萧红.陶瓷刀具切削加工[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1988.
40.郭庚辰.液相烧结粉末冶金材料[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.
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