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VLCC船舶主船体分舱优化方法研究
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摘要
随着世界经济的发展,人们对石油能源的需求量日益增大,VLCC成为海上石油运输的主要载体之一,其远距离运输的良好经济性使之成为不可替代的船型。但与此同时,随着不断发生的油船海损事故,以及人们对环境保护意识的增强,其分舱和稳性问题已经引起人们的高度重视,并逐渐制定了相应的强制性规范,至今已对分舱和稳性有了严格而详尽的要求。
     为了探讨各种舱室要素在油船典型载况条件下对完整稳性、分舱以及破舱稳性的影响,本文通过大量的计算分析,对参数进行了分类比较,得出了各主要舱室要素变化对船舶破损后剩余稳性的影响规律,并可用于指导分舱设计。
     论文主要研究内容包括:
     (1)系统地阐述了MARPOL规范对油船分舱以及船舶稳性的要求及其注意点。对规范的新规定进行了研究,分析其变化对现代大型油船分舱设计的影响,并探讨了解决的方法。
     (2)通过对超大型油船主船体货油舱段的舱室要素进行分析,探讨了双壳体压载舱的划分方式和尺度变化对破舱稳性的影响,并讨论了不同压载方式对MARPOL规范新规定的船底撕裂后剩余稳性的影响。重点对压载舱的组合形式、双舷侧宽度和双层底高度进行分析讨论,并给出其变化规律曲线。这样就可以对分舱方案进行调整,确定要变化的舱室要素及其变化程度,为设计人员提供参考。
     (3)在理论研究的基础上,进行油船分舱设计和方案比较,运用Skip CAD System软件进行计算并校核结果。对于不满足规范要求的参数进行分析,根据舱室要素的变化规律,对船舶分舱及总布置设计进行改进,使之从稳性的角度考虑达到规范的要求。
     本文对今后采用遗传算法或模糊优化算法等优化方法对分舱和破舱稳性计算进行建模时,目标函数的选取以及约束条件、遗传算子、主要影响因素的确定起到参考的作用,是前期的、基础性的工作。
With the development of international economy, the requirement of oil is greatly increasing. Now VLCC has become the main vessel of seaborne oil transportation. The excellent economic efficiency in long distance transportation makes VLCC most important vessel type. At same time, there are more and more shipwrecks and people have realized the importance of protecting environment experts begin to put their strength on VLCC's subdivision and stability. Some compellent criterions of subdivision and stability have been established.
    The paper discusses how the factors of compartment influence the subdivision and damage stability. The author gives the rules of damage stability through many calculations, analyses and comparison when the main factors of compartment changes. The conclusion can be used to direct subdividing.
    (1) Introduce the constraints of subdivision and stability in MARPOL. The paper studies MARPOL in detail, analyzes the influence of variation on the designing of modern large tanker. The solution is also discussed in this part.
    (2) By transforming the main factors of large oil tank ship's compartment, the paper discusses the damage stability can be influenced when the partition and size of double-hell ballast tank change. On the contrary, different have influence on the remainder stability in MARPOL. This section is to analyze the combination modes, the width between two sides of ship and the height between the top and bottom of compartment. Then the according curve is presented. After this, one can adjust the subdivision plan. This could also direct the designer to conform which compartment should be changed and give the limit of change.
    (3) Compare the different designing plan of tanker's compartment in theory and apply Ship CAD System to do calculation and check. The paper studies the factors dissatisfying the criterion to mend the plan according to the change rule. At last the plan will satisfy the criterion at the aspect of stability.
    In future, Genetic Algorithm and Fuzzy Optimization Algorithm might be used in building the model of subdivision and damage stability. The paper does some preliminary and foundational work in selection of objective function, constraint condition, genetic operator and key factors in the model.
引文
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