双屏蔽复合转子电动机涡流损耗计算与性能分析
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摘要
双屏蔽复合转子电动机的定转子屏蔽套有效阻止了传输介质对绕组及铁心的侵蚀,转子采用铁磁实心体中嵌入笼型导条的结构型式,它综合了普通屏蔽电机和复合转子电动机的运行特性,在国防及石油化工等领域具有重要的应用价值。然而由于其结构的特殊性,涡流和磁场分布极其复杂,在电机性能的计算分析上仍然存在诸多问题。
本文针对双屏蔽复合转子电动机结构特点和工程设计要求,从磁场分析的角度对各结构件的涡流损耗和电机性能进行了深入的探讨和研究。
首先,建立了求解双屏蔽复合转子电动机的三维涡流场数学模型,介绍了利用涡流场计算结果求解涡流损耗和定子绕组端部漏抗的数值计算方法。
其次,用三维涡流场有限元法计算双屏蔽复合转子电机的端部阻抗以及端部损耗,在此基础上对电机直线段进行三维涡流场计算。对具有转子斜槽结构的双屏蔽复合转子电机空载、起动及负载等工况进行分析,得到了各工况下定转子屏蔽套、复合转子的涡流分布和电机的转矩、效率等性能指标。并与直槽方案进行对比,分析了转子斜槽对电机性能的影响。
第三,分别采用经验公式法和数值解法计算了定转子屏蔽套的涡流损耗,对不同屏蔽套厚度和材料情况下的屏蔽套涡流损耗进行了计算,分析屏蔽套参数对其涡流损耗及电机性能的影响。
最后,采用二维瞬态模型对电机的动态性能进行仿真计算,得到非理想空载起动和额定负载起动两种工况下各时刻电机的电流、电磁转矩和转速等一系列动态参数曲线族以及各起动时刻电机的磁场分布图。
本课题的研究为双屏蔽复合转子电动机的理论分析和优化设计提供了有益的帮助。
The stator and rotor cans of double cans composite rotor motor could prevent the motor from the erosion of transmitted mediums. Ferromagnetic solid rotor embedded with rotor bars is adopted. All of those make this special kind of motor has the same operating characteristics as the ordinary canned motor and the composite rotor motor. Therefore, it is widely applied in national defence, petrochemical industry and other fields. However, because of special construction, the distributions of eddy current and magnetic field are complex, and there are still some problems in calculating and analyzing the influences on performances of double cans composite rotor motor.
According to double cans composite rotor motor’s structure characteristics and engineering design requirement, the eddy current losses of every structure and performances of motor were deeply studied by computing magnetic field in this paper.
Firstly, mathematic model of double cans composite rotor motor about 3D nonlinear eddy current field was presented, and the method to calculate eddy current losses and the stator end windings reactance by the result of eddy current field computation was brought forward.
Secondly, using 3D FEM the eddy current losses of motor’s end region were computed, and then the stator end windings resistance and reactance were derived. Based on these, the motor’s model without end region was calculated at no load, starting and rated load. The eddy current of the stator can, rotor can and the composite rotor under different conditions were acquired, as well as the motor performances such as torque, efficiency, and so on. The influence of skewed rotor on the electromagnetic performances was quantitatively analyzed by comparing with the results without skew.
Thirdly, eddy current losses of cans were calculated by analytical formula and empirical equation. The eddy losses of cans with different thickness, resistivity and permeability were computed and analyzed separately. The influences of these parameters on cans’eddy current losses and motor’s performances were gained.
Finally, using 2D transient FEM to calculate a double cans composite rotor motor, the motor’s dynamic performance curves (such as current, electromagnetic torque, load torque and speed) under no-load starting and full-load starting were acquired. At the same time, the distributions of magnetic flux density at different time were gained.
All these can benefit the theoretical analysis and the optimized design of double cans composite rotor motor.
本文针对双屏蔽复合转子电动机结构特点和工程设计要求,从磁场分析的角度对各结构件的涡流损耗和电机性能进行了深入的探讨和研究。
首先,建立了求解双屏蔽复合转子电动机的三维涡流场数学模型,介绍了利用涡流场计算结果求解涡流损耗和定子绕组端部漏抗的数值计算方法。
其次,用三维涡流场有限元法计算双屏蔽复合转子电机的端部阻抗以及端部损耗,在此基础上对电机直线段进行三维涡流场计算。对具有转子斜槽结构的双屏蔽复合转子电机空载、起动及负载等工况进行分析,得到了各工况下定转子屏蔽套、复合转子的涡流分布和电机的转矩、效率等性能指标。并与直槽方案进行对比,分析了转子斜槽对电机性能的影响。
第三,分别采用经验公式法和数值解法计算了定转子屏蔽套的涡流损耗,对不同屏蔽套厚度和材料情况下的屏蔽套涡流损耗进行了计算,分析屏蔽套参数对其涡流损耗及电机性能的影响。
最后,采用二维瞬态模型对电机的动态性能进行仿真计算,得到非理想空载起动和额定负载起动两种工况下各时刻电机的电流、电磁转矩和转速等一系列动态参数曲线族以及各起动时刻电机的磁场分布图。
本课题的研究为双屏蔽复合转子电动机的理论分析和优化设计提供了有益的帮助。
The stator and rotor cans of double cans composite rotor motor could prevent the motor from the erosion of transmitted mediums. Ferromagnetic solid rotor embedded with rotor bars is adopted. All of those make this special kind of motor has the same operating characteristics as the ordinary canned motor and the composite rotor motor. Therefore, it is widely applied in national defence, petrochemical industry and other fields. However, because of special construction, the distributions of eddy current and magnetic field are complex, and there are still some problems in calculating and analyzing the influences on performances of double cans composite rotor motor.
According to double cans composite rotor motor’s structure characteristics and engineering design requirement, the eddy current losses of every structure and performances of motor were deeply studied by computing magnetic field in this paper.
Firstly, mathematic model of double cans composite rotor motor about 3D nonlinear eddy current field was presented, and the method to calculate eddy current losses and the stator end windings reactance by the result of eddy current field computation was brought forward.
Secondly, using 3D FEM the eddy current losses of motor’s end region were computed, and then the stator end windings resistance and reactance were derived. Based on these, the motor’s model without end region was calculated at no load, starting and rated load. The eddy current of the stator can, rotor can and the composite rotor under different conditions were acquired, as well as the motor performances such as torque, efficiency, and so on. The influence of skewed rotor on the electromagnetic performances was quantitatively analyzed by comparing with the results without skew.
Thirdly, eddy current losses of cans were calculated by analytical formula and empirical equation. The eddy losses of cans with different thickness, resistivity and permeability were computed and analyzed separately. The influences of these parameters on cans’eddy current losses and motor’s performances were gained.
Finally, using 2D transient FEM to calculate a double cans composite rotor motor, the motor’s dynamic performance curves (such as current, electromagnetic torque, load torque and speed) under no-load starting and full-load starting were acquired. At the same time, the distributions of magnetic flux density at different time were gained.
All these can benefit the theoretical analysis and the optimized design of double cans composite rotor motor.
引文
[1] PERALTA Sanchez. E, SMITH A C.Line-Start Permanent-Magnet Machines using a Canned Rotor[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2007, 43(7):1084-1089.
[2]唐孝镐,宁玉泉,傅丰礼.实心转子异步电机及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1991:94-96.
[3] SHARMA, ANBARASU N D, NATARAJ, etal.Experimental investigations on high speed solid and composite rotor induction motor[C].Power Electronic Drives and Energy Systems for Industrial Growth, 1996.Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference, New Delhi, 1996:913-919.
[4]林瑞光,王毓东.复合转子感应电动机的研究[J].电工技术学报,1995,(1):6-11.
[5] LIU Changhong, YAO Ruoping.A new approach to calculate equivalent circuit parameters of the induction motor with solid rotor[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2003, 3(1-4):1612-1615.
[6]王泽忠,严烈通.异步电机斜槽转子三维涡流场计算[J].中国电机工程学报,1995,15(2):118-123.
[7] BINNS K J, CHAABAN F B, HAMEED.Major Design Parameters of a solid Canned Permanent Magnet Motor with Skewed Magnets[J].Electric Power Applications, 1993, (5):161-165.
[8]于令新.屏蔽电动机的计算特点[J].大电机技术, 1979, (4):24-30.
[9]俞惠敏.屏蔽电机的一些设计特点[J].电机技术, 1986, 27(4):12-24.
[10]孙树林,李觉民.屏蔽式感应电动机屏蔽套损耗的计算及减少途径[J].大电机技术, 1987, (6):30-33.
[11]李再宏,制冷机用屏蔽电动机的设计特点[J].电机技术,1998,(3):6-8.
[12]马德鑫,上官继明.浅论屏蔽式异步电动机的设计特点[J].电机技术, 2001, (1):27-30.
[13]马德鑫.DEP 132kW/4P大型屏蔽电机设计及样机试制[J].电机技术, 2003, (4):25-26.
[14]马德鑫.再论屏蔽式异步电动机的设计特点[J].电机技术, 2004, (3):17-20.
[15]马德鑫.DFLPH-(55-160)kW/2p屏蔽电机电磁设计总结——三论屏蔽式异步电动机的设计特点[J].防爆电机, 2005, (5):1-4.
[16]李革,李德成,杨霞.屏蔽式感应电动机的设计特点[J].沈阳工业大学学报, 2001, 23(4):295-297.
[17]宋艳文,林艳江.屏蔽电动机屏蔽套的设计特点及常见问题的预防措施[J].防爆电机, 2002, (1):16-18.
[18]宋艳文.半屏蔽强制循环泵电动机的设计特点[J].电机与控制应用, 2007, 34(7):15-17.
[19]孙桂瑛,邹继斌,李连锋.屏蔽电机的磁场与屏蔽层损耗的解析计算[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报, 1999, (8):30-33.
[20]杨胜利,孙昌志.多极理论及其在屏蔽电机中的应用[J].沈阳工业大学学报, 1999, (2):26-28.
[21]张装生.屏蔽式异步电动机电磁设计特点探讨[J].电工技术杂志, 2002, (12):64-65.
[22]索文旭.屏蔽电机技术特点[J].大电机技术, 2006, (9):57-59.
[23] GARG V K, RAYMOND J.Magneto-thermal Coupled Analysis of Canned Induction Motor[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 1990, 5(3):110-114.
[24] YAMAZAKI Katsumi . Local Force Calculation in 3D FEM with Edge Elements[J].International Journal of Applied Electromagnetic in Material, 1993, 3:231-236.
[25] YAMAZAKI Katsumi.Modification of 2D Nonlinear Time-stepping Analysis by Limited 3D Analysis for Induction Machines[J].IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 1997, 33(2):1694-699.
[26] KATSUMI Yamazaki.A Quasi 3D Formulation for Analyzing Characteristics of Induction Motors with Skewed slots[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1998, 34(5):3624-3627.
[27] KATUSUMI Yamazaki.Efficiency Analysis of Induction Motor for Ammonia Compressors Considering Stray Load Losses Caused by Stator and Rotor Slot Ripple[C] . Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference.36th IAS Annual Meeting, Chicago ,2001:762-769.
[28] YAMAZAKI K, Haruishi.Stray Load Loss Analysis of Canned Induction Motor for Hermetic Compressor[C] . IEEE International Transactions on Electrical Machinery and Energy Conversion Systems, 2005, 20(5):224-228.
[29] HANKER A, NORDMANN R.Measurement of Losses caused by Canned Magnetic Bearings[C] . The 6th International Symposium on Magnetic Suspension Technology, Turin, 2001.
[30] QASIM Al’Akayshee, EASTHAM J F.Design Construction and Testing of Canned Motors[C] . IEE Conference Publication, Second International Conference on Power Electronics Machines and Drives, University of Edinburgh, UK, 2004, 1:166-168.
[31] VALTONEN M Sc M, Parviainen D Sc A, Pyrh?nen J.Electromagnetic Field Analysis of 3D Structure of Axial-Flux Solid-Rotor Induction Motor[J].International Symposium on Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2006, (6):s39-12-s39-16.
[32] MULUKUTLA S Sarma.Current-density distribution in solid-rotor induction motor[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1979, 15(6):758-762.
[33] ZAIM M E.Non-linear models for the design of solid rotor machines[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1999, 35(3):1310-1313.
[34]常正峰,黄文新,胡育文,等.基于二维解析法的光滑表面实心转子感应电机附加损耗的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(21):83-88.
[35]张明玉.复合转子异步电机的三维磁场分布[J].华中理工大学学报,1996,24(2):64-67.
[36]吴荣明.复合转子异步电机的多层理论研究[D]:[博士学位论文].武汉:华中理工大学,1993:15-19.
[37]杨通.笼型实心转子屏蔽电机电磁场有限元分析与计算[D]:[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2006:39-42.
[38]赵博.实心转子屏蔽电机电磁参数计算与性能分析[D]:[硕士学位论文].哈尔滨:哈理工大学,2006:30-36.
[39] PHAM T., WENDLING P. F., SALON S. J.Finite Element Modeling of a Canned Induction Motor using Flux2D[C].PCIMINTER'98, 1998:465-472.
[40] ERGENE L T, SALON S J.The analysis of the canned solid rotor induction motor[C].The 15th international Conference on Electrical machines, Bruges, 2002:6.
[41] ERGENE L T, SALON S J.Equivalent Circuit Parameter Calculation of Canned Solid Rotor Induction Motor Using Finite Element Method[C].The 16th International Conference on Electrical Machines, Krakow, 2004:5.
[42] ERGENE L T, SALON S J.One-slot AC Steady-state Model of a Canned-solid Rotor Induction Motor[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2004, 40(7):1892-1896.
[43] ERGENE L T, SALON S J.Determining the Equivalent Circuit Parameters of Canned solid-rotor Induction Motors[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2005, 41(7):2281-2286.
[44] GYSELINCK Johan J C, LIEVEN Vandevekde, and JAN A A Melkebeek.Multi-Slice FE Modeling of Electrical Machines With Skewed Slots-The Skew Discretization Error[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2001, 37(5):3233-3237.
[45] HO S L, LI L, and FU W N.Inclusion of Interbar Currents in a Network-Field Coupled Time-Stepping Finite-Element Model of Skewed-Rotor Induction Motors[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1999, 35(5):4218-4225.
[46]江建中,傅为农.斜槽异步电动机多截面有限元的分析[J].电工技术学报,1997,12(5):11-16,36.
[47]谢德馨,姚缨英,白保东.三维涡流场的有限元分析[M].机械工业出版社,2001:21-25,186-189.
[48]梁艳萍.同步电机参数的理论与数值计算[M].哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1999:152-153.
[2]唐孝镐,宁玉泉,傅丰礼.实心转子异步电机及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1991:94-96.
[3] SHARMA, ANBARASU N D, NATARAJ, etal.Experimental investigations on high speed solid and composite rotor induction motor[C].Power Electronic Drives and Energy Systems for Industrial Growth, 1996.Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference, New Delhi, 1996:913-919.
[4]林瑞光,王毓东.复合转子感应电动机的研究[J].电工技术学报,1995,(1):6-11.
[5] LIU Changhong, YAO Ruoping.A new approach to calculate equivalent circuit parameters of the induction motor with solid rotor[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2003, 3(1-4):1612-1615.
[6]王泽忠,严烈通.异步电机斜槽转子三维涡流场计算[J].中国电机工程学报,1995,15(2):118-123.
[7] BINNS K J, CHAABAN F B, HAMEED.Major Design Parameters of a solid Canned Permanent Magnet Motor with Skewed Magnets[J].Electric Power Applications, 1993, (5):161-165.
[8]于令新.屏蔽电动机的计算特点[J].大电机技术, 1979, (4):24-30.
[9]俞惠敏.屏蔽电机的一些设计特点[J].电机技术, 1986, 27(4):12-24.
[10]孙树林,李觉民.屏蔽式感应电动机屏蔽套损耗的计算及减少途径[J].大电机技术, 1987, (6):30-33.
[11]李再宏,制冷机用屏蔽电动机的设计特点[J].电机技术,1998,(3):6-8.
[12]马德鑫,上官继明.浅论屏蔽式异步电动机的设计特点[J].电机技术, 2001, (1):27-30.
[13]马德鑫.DEP 132kW/4P大型屏蔽电机设计及样机试制[J].电机技术, 2003, (4):25-26.
[14]马德鑫.再论屏蔽式异步电动机的设计特点[J].电机技术, 2004, (3):17-20.
[15]马德鑫.DFLPH-(55-160)kW/2p屏蔽电机电磁设计总结——三论屏蔽式异步电动机的设计特点[J].防爆电机, 2005, (5):1-4.
[16]李革,李德成,杨霞.屏蔽式感应电动机的设计特点[J].沈阳工业大学学报, 2001, 23(4):295-297.
[17]宋艳文,林艳江.屏蔽电动机屏蔽套的设计特点及常见问题的预防措施[J].防爆电机, 2002, (1):16-18.
[18]宋艳文.半屏蔽强制循环泵电动机的设计特点[J].电机与控制应用, 2007, 34(7):15-17.
[19]孙桂瑛,邹继斌,李连锋.屏蔽电机的磁场与屏蔽层损耗的解析计算[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报, 1999, (8):30-33.
[20]杨胜利,孙昌志.多极理论及其在屏蔽电机中的应用[J].沈阳工业大学学报, 1999, (2):26-28.
[21]张装生.屏蔽式异步电动机电磁设计特点探讨[J].电工技术杂志, 2002, (12):64-65.
[22]索文旭.屏蔽电机技术特点[J].大电机技术, 2006, (9):57-59.
[23] GARG V K, RAYMOND J.Magneto-thermal Coupled Analysis of Canned Induction Motor[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 1990, 5(3):110-114.
[24] YAMAZAKI Katsumi . Local Force Calculation in 3D FEM with Edge Elements[J].International Journal of Applied Electromagnetic in Material, 1993, 3:231-236.
[25] YAMAZAKI Katsumi.Modification of 2D Nonlinear Time-stepping Analysis by Limited 3D Analysis for Induction Machines[J].IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 1997, 33(2):1694-699.
[26] KATSUMI Yamazaki.A Quasi 3D Formulation for Analyzing Characteristics of Induction Motors with Skewed slots[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1998, 34(5):3624-3627.
[27] KATUSUMI Yamazaki.Efficiency Analysis of Induction Motor for Ammonia Compressors Considering Stray Load Losses Caused by Stator and Rotor Slot Ripple[C] . Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference.36th IAS Annual Meeting, Chicago ,2001:762-769.
[28] YAMAZAKI K, Haruishi.Stray Load Loss Analysis of Canned Induction Motor for Hermetic Compressor[C] . IEEE International Transactions on Electrical Machinery and Energy Conversion Systems, 2005, 20(5):224-228.
[29] HANKER A, NORDMANN R.Measurement of Losses caused by Canned Magnetic Bearings[C] . The 6th International Symposium on Magnetic Suspension Technology, Turin, 2001.
[30] QASIM Al’Akayshee, EASTHAM J F.Design Construction and Testing of Canned Motors[C] . IEE Conference Publication, Second International Conference on Power Electronics Machines and Drives, University of Edinburgh, UK, 2004, 1:166-168.
[31] VALTONEN M Sc M, Parviainen D Sc A, Pyrh?nen J.Electromagnetic Field Analysis of 3D Structure of Axial-Flux Solid-Rotor Induction Motor[J].International Symposium on Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2006, (6):s39-12-s39-16.
[32] MULUKUTLA S Sarma.Current-density distribution in solid-rotor induction motor[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1979, 15(6):758-762.
[33] ZAIM M E.Non-linear models for the design of solid rotor machines[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1999, 35(3):1310-1313.
[34]常正峰,黄文新,胡育文,等.基于二维解析法的光滑表面实心转子感应电机附加损耗的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(21):83-88.
[35]张明玉.复合转子异步电机的三维磁场分布[J].华中理工大学学报,1996,24(2):64-67.
[36]吴荣明.复合转子异步电机的多层理论研究[D]:[博士学位论文].武汉:华中理工大学,1993:15-19.
[37]杨通.笼型实心转子屏蔽电机电磁场有限元分析与计算[D]:[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2006:39-42.
[38]赵博.实心转子屏蔽电机电磁参数计算与性能分析[D]:[硕士学位论文].哈尔滨:哈理工大学,2006:30-36.
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