绝缘在线监测技术研究
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摘要
导弹卫星发射装置、雷达站、军事通讯、电子预警和指挥系统等武器装备和军用电力系统的安全运行与正常使用，其电气装置的绝缘状态至关重要。而对绝缘状态实施监测的最有效方法是实时测试提取武器装备和系统的绝缘参数，即绝缘参数在线监测。本文论述了开展绝缘在线工作的重要性和国内外开展此项工作的现状和发展趋势，然后分析了目前绝缘在线监测系统存在的问题，提出了基于傅立叶变换的数字波形分析方法。
首先，介绍了电容型设备绝缘在线监测系统的构成，并从理论上分析了高压电容型设备的绝缘特点，给出了相应的数学模型，提出了基于傅立叶变换的谐波分析方法，对信号进行分析计算，以此作为在线监测的基本方法。在硬件电路实现上，注意选择信号传感器；合理设计了信号放大电路和滤波电路；设计了频率跟踪电路，数据采样/保持电路；结合软件控制选用了12位高精度的A/D转换器，使软件编程简化且具有较高的灵和性和可扩展性。
其次，对高压设备在线监测可能出现的误差进行了分析和判断。在硬件和软件的设计上，采取了较好的抗干扰措施，充分考虑大温差高海拔等各种环境因数，提高了监测系统的整体抗干扰能力，采取软件和硬件相互配合的方法，使硬件电路相对简单，系统受零漂移的影响较小，同时对软件系统的改进较为容易。
最后，在完成了硬件和软件部分的设计后在实验室进行了低压模拟试验，实验结果表明：设计的在线监测系统对电容性设备的介质损耗、泄漏电流、等值电容等参数的的监测是有效的，其稳定性和精度也比较高。
The key that weapon kit such as missile satellite launcher , radar station run safely and utilize normally is the electrical device insulation status. But most effective approach to be carried out detection on on-line insulation monitoring is to test and abstract weapon system insulation's parameter realtime. Namely it is on-line insulation monitoring. In this thesis by analyzing on-line insulation monitoring transition digital waveform based on FFT is brought up.
At the on-line monitoring system's structure of high voltage electric equipment is introduced emphatically. The insulation character of high voltage capacity equipment is analyzed in theory and the mathematical model is given. Digital waveform analytical method based on FFT is presented and used to analyze signal and calculate signal,which was used as a basic method of on-line monitoring. The selection of signal sensor is the key to implement hardware circuit. It designed signal amplifying circuit,frequency tricking circuit,data sampling and keeping circuit. The choice of 12 bits high accuracy A/D integrated data
Sampling card made program simply,high flexible and expandable.
And to each error which is likely to occur in high voltage capacity type equipment during the monitoring,analysis and judgement are given. On hardware and soft ware,good anti-disturbances measures has been adapted considering environmental factors such as high altitude,temperature difference.The anti-disturbances ability was enhanced. Cooperation of hardware and software make hardware circuit simple and little effect of zero point shifting,and easy for software system to be modified.
After the hardware component and the software component of on-line
monitoring system are designed,the low voltage simulated test,high votage test simulating the field can work accurately and reliably.It has showed efficiciency,stability and accuracy to on line monitor dielectric loss,leaking current and equivalent capacitance for capacitive device.
首先，介绍了电容型设备绝缘在线监测系统的构成，并从理论上分析了高压电容型设备的绝缘特点，给出了相应的数学模型，提出了基于傅立叶变换的谐波分析方法，对信号进行分析计算，以此作为在线监测的基本方法。在硬件电路实现上，注意选择信号传感器；合理设计了信号放大电路和滤波电路；设计了频率跟踪电路，数据采样/保持电路；结合软件控制选用了12位高精度的A/D转换器，使软件编程简化且具有较高的灵和性和可扩展性。
其次，对高压设备在线监测可能出现的误差进行了分析和判断。在硬件和软件的设计上，采取了较好的抗干扰措施，充分考虑大温差高海拔等各种环境因数，提高了监测系统的整体抗干扰能力，采取软件和硬件相互配合的方法，使硬件电路相对简单，系统受零漂移的影响较小，同时对软件系统的改进较为容易。
最后，在完成了硬件和软件部分的设计后在实验室进行了低压模拟试验，实验结果表明：设计的在线监测系统对电容性设备的介质损耗、泄漏电流、等值电容等参数的的监测是有效的，其稳定性和精度也比较高。
The key that weapon kit such as missile satellite launcher , radar station run safely and utilize normally is the electrical device insulation status. But most effective approach to be carried out detection on on-line insulation monitoring is to test and abstract weapon system insulation's parameter realtime. Namely it is on-line insulation monitoring. In this thesis by analyzing on-line insulation monitoring transition digital waveform based on FFT is brought up.
At the on-line monitoring system's structure of high voltage electric equipment is introduced emphatically. The insulation character of high voltage capacity equipment is analyzed in theory and the mathematical model is given. Digital waveform analytical method based on FFT is presented and used to analyze signal and calculate signal,which was used as a basic method of on-line monitoring. The selection of signal sensor is the key to implement hardware circuit. It designed signal amplifying circuit,frequency tricking circuit,data sampling and keeping circuit. The choice of 12 bits high accuracy A/D integrated data
Sampling card made program simply,high flexible and expandable.
And to each error which is likely to occur in high voltage capacity type equipment during the monitoring,analysis and judgement are given. On hardware and soft ware,good anti-disturbances measures has been adapted considering environmental factors such as high altitude,temperature difference.The anti-disturbances ability was enhanced. Cooperation of hardware and software make hardware circuit simple and little effect of zero point shifting,and easy for software system to be modified.
After the hardware component and the software component of on-line
monitoring system are designed,the low voltage simulated test,high votage test simulating the field can work accurately and reliably.It has showed efficiciency,stability and accuracy to on line monitor dielectric loss,leaking current and equivalent capacitance for capacitive device.
引文
[1]吴竟昌，孙树勤等： 电力系统谐波，北京：水力电出版社，1988.11
[2]仇润鹤，任子晖，吴丽春等：单片在电网谐波中的应用，中国矿业大学报，1994，（1）
[3]马忠梅 ，藉顺心：《单片机的C语言应用程序设计》，北京航天大学出版社 1999年1月
[4]中华人民共和国电力行业标准，现场绝缘实施导则 （DL474.1）
[5]徐天成：《信号与系统》， 哈尔滨工业大学出版社 2000年1月
[6]史保壮等 :变电站高压设备在线监测与诊断技术展望 ，广东电力 ,1998,(3 )
[7]宗孔德 ：数字信号处理及其应用 北京 :清华大学出版社 ,1998
[8]安宗贵等：高压电气设备绝缘介电特性在线自动监测，高电压技术 ,1991 ,1 7(4):34
[9 ]ＲＯＬＡＮＤＥＢ：锁相环原理、设计及其应用. 北京 :人民邮电出版社 ,1 988.1 1 2～ 1 40
[10]Vinary K. ingle,John G,Proakis： 数字信号处理及MATLAB实现。北京：电子工业出版社，1998， 120～160
[11]ANALOG DEVICES: complete 12-Bit A/D Converter AD574
[12] Toshiba America Electronic Components,Inc.：LCD CONTROLLER T6963C 1998,3
[13] Atmel Corp：8-Bit Microcontroller with 4K Bytes FLASH，AT89C51
[14] Filipsk P. The measurement of distortion current and distortion power[J]. IEEE Trans on Instrum Meas,1 984,3 3 (1 ) :3 6～ 40
[2]仇润鹤，任子晖，吴丽春等：单片在电网谐波中的应用，中国矿业大学报，1994，（1）
[3]马忠梅 ，藉顺心：《单片机的C语言应用程序设计》，北京航天大学出版社 1999年1月
[4]中华人民共和国电力行业标准，现场绝缘实施导则 （DL474.1）
[5]徐天成：《信号与系统》， 哈尔滨工业大学出版社 2000年1月
[6]史保壮等 :变电站高压设备在线监测与诊断技术展望 ，广东电力 ,1998,(3 )
[7]宗孔德 ：数字信号处理及其应用 北京 :清华大学出版社 ,1998
[8]安宗贵等：高压电气设备绝缘介电特性在线自动监测，高电压技术 ,1991 ,1 7(4):34
[9 ]ＲＯＬＡＮＤＥＢ：锁相环原理、设计及其应用. 北京 :人民邮电出版社 ,1 988.1 1 2～ 1 40
[10]Vinary K. ingle,John G,Proakis： 数字信号处理及MATLAB实现。北京：电子工业出版社，1998， 120～160
[11]ANALOG DEVICES: complete 12-Bit A/D Converter AD574
[12] Toshiba America Electronic Components,Inc.：LCD CONTROLLER T6963C 1998,3
[13] Atmel Corp：8-Bit Microcontroller with 4K Bytes FLASH，AT89C51
[14] Filipsk P. The measurement of distortion current and distortion power[J]. IEEE Trans on Instrum Meas,1 984,3 3 (1 ) :3 6～ 40