可控源音频大地电磁法静态效应校正技术及其方法研究
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摘要
可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)是在大地电磁法(MT)基础上,为克服后者观测信号弱而采用人工场源通过改变频率来进行测深的一种地球物理方法。近年来,CSAMT方法广泛运用于矿山、地热、水资源、油气等勘探,取得了显著的效果。静态效应问题是困扰着CSAMT处理的几大难题之一,它严重影响着处理解释结果,为此,我们需要对CSAMT数据资料进行静态校正来提高处理解释质量。本论文根据电磁基本理论,分析了静态效应的产生机制,在近地表存在小规模的电性不均匀体时,地下介质的电流分布发生畸变,从而干扰地面接收到的电场观测值,使得在双对数坐标系中视电阻率曲线沿着电阻率轴出现一个保持曲线形态不变的平行移动,而相位曲线形态和位置保持不变。
要进行静态效应校正,首先需要正确识别数据中是否含有静态效应,注意区分异常数据和静态效应,然后结合实际情况选择合适的方法对数据进行静校正。国内外文献资料表明,静校正方法主要有曲线平移法、空间滤波法、中值滤波法、EMAP滤波法、相位法、磁场实测数据法、小波分析法等。
本论文从各种静校正方法原理出发,结合实际情况,建立地下均匀介质中的静态模型和地下层状介质中的静态模型,利用二维方法正演计算出视电阻率和相位数据,尝试使用相关系数和小波分析来区分静态效应现象和异常表象,通过对各种静校正方法的研究,本文选择使用空间滤波法、曲线平移法、EMAP滤波法、小波分析法进行静态校正。
在实际资料的处理中,选择东北某金属矿区和山东大河某金矿区的某剖面数据,这些地区地表地质条件复杂,静态效应比较严重,通过静态校正处理,有效地消除了低阻静态效应,避免了将某些静态效应解释为低阻异常,同时还压制了高阻静态效应的影响,提高了中间低阻层的分辨能力,本文静校正方法得到了很好的实用效果。
Controlled-source Audio-frequency Magnetotelluric(CSAMT) are developing from the Magnetotelluric(MT), which is used to correct the weakly MT signal. The CSAMT is a kind of geophysical methods that are detecting the different resistivities on different depths by changing the transmitting and receiving frequencies. In recent years, CSAMT is successfully used in the area of mining, terrestrial heat, groundwater, oil and gas, and so on. Static shift is one of the difficult problems that have to be solved in CSAMT. Since the static shift disturbs the data and leads to wrong interpretation, so we have to do static correction in order to achieve a better quality CSAMT data. The generation mechanism and characteristics of the static shift are discussed in this paper. The galvanic distortion due to small-scale surface and shallow electric inhomogeneities often leads to distortion of observed and inverted resistivity data. The apparent resistivity curve in the loglog coordinate system has parallel static shift effect while the phase curve has no effect.
In order to do the static correction, first we need to distinguish the static shift from the anomalies in the data, and then consider the field geological conditions to choose a suitable technique method. there are many static correction methods, including: The filtering methods based on the numeric analysis; The curve-shift method which has a friendly man-machine interactive interface; and the method using the phase data analysis or using magnetic data analysis; the curve-shift method; and The wavelet analysis method and so on.
Starting from the principles of the static correction, in this paper we establish the static shift model in the underground layered stratum and in the homogeneous stratum, compute the apparent resistivity and phase data by using 2D forward arithmetic, attempt to distinguish the static shift from anomalies by using the correlation coefficient or wavelet analysis. After doing the research studies of some kinds of static correction, several static correction methods are chosen in this paper: the filtering method, the curve-shift method, EMAP, and the wavelet analysis method. The advantages and disadvantages have been summarized in this paper by comparingeach method’s effect.
In practical CSAMT data processing, we take the two metal diggings for example, there is a serious static shift in the collected data. After static correction, a good quality data was achieved. In conclusion, these static correction methods gained a good applicable effect.
要进行静态效应校正,首先需要正确识别数据中是否含有静态效应,注意区分异常数据和静态效应,然后结合实际情况选择合适的方法对数据进行静校正。国内外文献资料表明,静校正方法主要有曲线平移法、空间滤波法、中值滤波法、EMAP滤波法、相位法、磁场实测数据法、小波分析法等。
本论文从各种静校正方法原理出发,结合实际情况,建立地下均匀介质中的静态模型和地下层状介质中的静态模型,利用二维方法正演计算出视电阻率和相位数据,尝试使用相关系数和小波分析来区分静态效应现象和异常表象,通过对各种静校正方法的研究,本文选择使用空间滤波法、曲线平移法、EMAP滤波法、小波分析法进行静态校正。
在实际资料的处理中,选择东北某金属矿区和山东大河某金矿区的某剖面数据,这些地区地表地质条件复杂,静态效应比较严重,通过静态校正处理,有效地消除了低阻静态效应,避免了将某些静态效应解释为低阻异常,同时还压制了高阻静态效应的影响,提高了中间低阻层的分辨能力,本文静校正方法得到了很好的实用效果。
Controlled-source Audio-frequency Magnetotelluric(CSAMT) are developing from the Magnetotelluric(MT), which is used to correct the weakly MT signal. The CSAMT is a kind of geophysical methods that are detecting the different resistivities on different depths by changing the transmitting and receiving frequencies. In recent years, CSAMT is successfully used in the area of mining, terrestrial heat, groundwater, oil and gas, and so on. Static shift is one of the difficult problems that have to be solved in CSAMT. Since the static shift disturbs the data and leads to wrong interpretation, so we have to do static correction in order to achieve a better quality CSAMT data. The generation mechanism and characteristics of the static shift are discussed in this paper. The galvanic distortion due to small-scale surface and shallow electric inhomogeneities often leads to distortion of observed and inverted resistivity data. The apparent resistivity curve in the loglog coordinate system has parallel static shift effect while the phase curve has no effect.
In order to do the static correction, first we need to distinguish the static shift from the anomalies in the data, and then consider the field geological conditions to choose a suitable technique method. there are many static correction methods, including: The filtering methods based on the numeric analysis; The curve-shift method which has a friendly man-machine interactive interface; and the method using the phase data analysis or using magnetic data analysis; the curve-shift method; and The wavelet analysis method and so on.
Starting from the principles of the static correction, in this paper we establish the static shift model in the underground layered stratum and in the homogeneous stratum, compute the apparent resistivity and phase data by using 2D forward arithmetic, attempt to distinguish the static shift from anomalies by using the correlation coefficient or wavelet analysis. After doing the research studies of some kinds of static correction, several static correction methods are chosen in this paper: the filtering method, the curve-shift method, EMAP, and the wavelet analysis method. The advantages and disadvantages have been summarized in this paper by comparingeach method’s effect.
In practical CSAMT data processing, we take the two metal diggings for example, there is a serious static shift in the collected data. After static correction, a good quality data was achieved. In conclusion, these static correction methods gained a good applicable effect.
引文
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[2] 李金铭.地电场与电法勘探.北京:地质出版社,2005
[3] 何继善.可控源音频大地电磁法.长沙:中南工业大学出版社.1990
[4] 石昆法.可控源音频大地电磁法理论与应用. 北京:科学出版社,1999
[5] 阎述,陈明生.频率域电磁测深的静态偏移及校正方法.石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(2):238～247
[6] 李韦文.浅层电性不均匀体对大地电磁测深的影响及其校正. 电磁方法研究与进展,1993,125～133
[7] 苏鸿尧,何展翔.表层电性不均匀对大地电磁测深曲线的畸变研究.地质科技情报,2000,19(3):103～106
[8] 黄潜生,王友胜,汪卫毛.大地电磁曲线校正技术在六盘山盆地研究中的应用.江汉石油学院学报,2004,26(3):76～78
[9] Bostick, F.X., Electromagnetic Array Profiling (EMAP), (56th) SEG Annual Meeting Expanded Technical Program Abstracts with Biographies,1986, 60～61
[10] C.Torres-Verdin,F.X.Bostick, Principles of spatial surface electric field filtering in magnetotelluric: Electromagnetic array profiling(EMAP). Geophysics.1992,57(4):603～622
[11] 杨生.EMAP 处理方法在 CSAMT 勘查中的应用.有色金属矿产与勘查,1994,3(6):345～348
[12] 张少云.电磁排列剖面(EMAP)原理及应用.江苏地质,1999,23(3):167~171
[13] 李金铭,罗延钟.可控源音频大地电磁法.电法勘探新进展.1996
[14] 何展翔.相权静校正.电磁方法研究与进展,1993,117～124
[15] Sternberg,B.K., Washburne,J.C. Correction for the static shift in magnetotellutic using transient electromagnetic soundings. Geophysics. 1988 53(11):1459～1468
[16] 方文藻,李予国等.用瞬变电磁测深校正 MT 静态效应.电磁方法研究与进展,1993,111～116
[17] 宋守根,汤井田,何继善.小波分析与电磁测深中静态效应的识别、分离及压制.地球物理学报,1995,38(1):120～128
[18] 解海军,陈明生,阎述.利用小波分析压制静态效应.煤田地质与勘探,1998,26(4):61～65
[19] 张翔,胡文宝,严良俊.小波变换在大地电磁测深静校正中的应用.江汉石油学院学报,2002,24(2):40～43
[20] Cagniard,L.,1953,Basic Theory of the Magnetotelluric Method of Geophysical Prospecting,Geophysics,V.18:605～635
[21] Tikhonov,A.N.,1950,Determination of the electrical characteristics of the deep state the earth’s crust,Dok. Akad. Nauk,USSR,73(2):295～297
[22] Goldstein M.A. and Strangway D.W.,1975,Audio-frequency magnetotellurics with a grounded electric dipole source,Geophysics,40:669～683
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