深部煤层瓦斯赋存特征与解吸规律研究及应用
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摘要
本文针对深部煤层高地应力场、较高温度场和较高孔隙压力场条件下的瓦斯赋存特征及在不同介质中煤的瓦斯解吸规律进行了研究，并基于煤的瓦斯解吸规律研究结果，提出了地勘煤层瓦斯含量测定新方法，为进一步揭示了深部煤层瓦斯赋存机制奠定了基础。
首先，在总结前人研究成果的基础上，详细分析了煤储层特征、瓦斯赋存状态、运移过程及瓦斯赋存影响因素。在实验室研究了深部煤层的孔隙特征及吸咐特征，实验得出：在同等实验条件下，同一煤层煤的瓦斯吸咐能力随深度增加呈增强趋势。某些煤样等温吸附线并不符合朗格缪尔方程。
以渗流理论和多物理场耦合理论为基础，首次建立了深部煤层瓦斯赋存流体动力场耦合模型，并借助数值分析软件Comsol Multiphysics对数学模型进行求解，进而揭示了深部煤层瓦斯赋存规律，分析结果表明：瓦斯压力与埋藏深度呈近似线性关系，煤层瓦斯含量与深度则呈明显的非线性关系，煤层的孔隙率和渗透率随着深度的增加而相应减小。
实验室测试、数值模拟及现场统计的研究成果表明：深部煤层由于微孔的增多及瓦斯压力增加，使其对瓦斯的吸附能力也增强，但由于受温度等因素的显著影响，深部煤层瓦斯含量增加梯度趋于减小，最后将不再增加。
通过方案对比，研制了具备四个方面测试功能的煤样瓦斯解吸模拟测试装置，实现了泥浆加压气体（N2）与解吸气体（CH4）的分离，为研究不同介质中煤的瓦斯解吸规律奠定了实验基础。以菲克扩散定律和模拟测试装置为基础，系统地研究了空气和泥浆介质中煤的瓦斯解吸规律，研究表明空气介质中煤的瓦斯解吸过程用幂函数类曲线拟合效果要优于指数类曲线；非等压条件下泥浆介质中煤的瓦斯解吸曲线形态呈现拉长的“S”形态，与在空气介质中的瓦斯解吸特征截然不同，故无法用空气介质中煤的瓦斯解吸规律去准确推算提钻取芯过程泥浆介质中煤芯损失瓦斯量。
最后，在分析地勘钻孔解吸法测定煤层瓦斯含量误差产生原因与煤的瓦斯解吸规律研究结果的基础上，提出了新的瓦斯损失量补偿方法（模拟逼近法）及瓦斯残存含量快速测定新工艺，通过现场实际应用取得了较好的效果。
This paper studied gas occurrence characteristics in deep coal seam with highstress,high temperature and high pore pressure field and coal gas desorption laws indifferent medium, and put forward a new coal seam gas content measurement methodduring geological exploration based on coal gas desorption laws research results,andlaid the foundation. to further reveal gas occurrence mechanism in deep coal seam.
Firstly, on the basis of previous research results, coal reservoir characteristics,gasoccurrence state, migration process and their influence factors in coal seam wereanalyzed in detail. Deep coal seam pore and adsorption were tested in the laboratory,andconclusion from the experiment was that gas adsorption capacity of the same coal seamis enhanced with increase of depth under the same experimental conditions,and thatsome coal isothermal adsorption curves aren’t not consistent with the Langmuirequation.
After that, based on seepage theory and multi-physical coupling theory, fluiddynamic field coupling model of gas occurrence in deep coal seam was established forthe first time,and mathematical model was solved by using numerical analysissoftware--Comsol Multiphysics. The analysis results show that gas pressure and burieddepth is approximate linear relationship,and that coal seam gas content and deepness isapparent nonlinear relation, gradient decreases when reaching a certain depth;and Coalporosity and permeability decreases with the increase of depth.
Comprehensive analysis results of laboratory test, numerical simulation and fieldstatistical show that micropore and gas pressure in deep coal seam increase, accordinglygas adsorption capacity is also enhanced,but gas content increased gradient willdecrease due to obvious influence of temperature, finally will no longer increase.
A equipment for simulating coal seam gas desorption was developed throughcomparison of different schemes, it had four functions and realized separation of slurrypressure gas (N2) and desorption gas (CH4),which provided experimental base toresearch coal gas desorption laws in different medium. Based on Fick's law of diffusionand simulation testing device, coal gas desorption laws in air and slurry medium weresystemly studied.,research result showed that curve fitting effect of power function classis superior to exponential function class about gas desorption process in the air; Coal gas desorption curve in slurry medium under non-pressure conditions formed anelongated "S" shape，it is completely different from desorption characteristics in the airmedium.So coal core gas loss quantity during drilling coring can not be accuratelypredicted if we use coal gas desorption laws in air medium.
Finally,based on causes of error about geological exploration drilling desorptionmethod and coal gas desorption laws research results, new gas loss compensationmethod (simulation approximation) and gas residue quantity measurement technologywere put forward, and they achieved better results by practical application.
首先，在总结前人研究成果的基础上，详细分析了煤储层特征、瓦斯赋存状态、运移过程及瓦斯赋存影响因素。在实验室研究了深部煤层的孔隙特征及吸咐特征，实验得出：在同等实验条件下，同一煤层煤的瓦斯吸咐能力随深度增加呈增强趋势。某些煤样等温吸附线并不符合朗格缪尔方程。
以渗流理论和多物理场耦合理论为基础，首次建立了深部煤层瓦斯赋存流体动力场耦合模型，并借助数值分析软件Comsol Multiphysics对数学模型进行求解，进而揭示了深部煤层瓦斯赋存规律，分析结果表明：瓦斯压力与埋藏深度呈近似线性关系，煤层瓦斯含量与深度则呈明显的非线性关系，煤层的孔隙率和渗透率随着深度的增加而相应减小。
实验室测试、数值模拟及现场统计的研究成果表明：深部煤层由于微孔的增多及瓦斯压力增加，使其对瓦斯的吸附能力也增强，但由于受温度等因素的显著影响，深部煤层瓦斯含量增加梯度趋于减小，最后将不再增加。
通过方案对比，研制了具备四个方面测试功能的煤样瓦斯解吸模拟测试装置，实现了泥浆加压气体（N2）与解吸气体（CH4）的分离，为研究不同介质中煤的瓦斯解吸规律奠定了实验基础。以菲克扩散定律和模拟测试装置为基础，系统地研究了空气和泥浆介质中煤的瓦斯解吸规律，研究表明空气介质中煤的瓦斯解吸过程用幂函数类曲线拟合效果要优于指数类曲线；非等压条件下泥浆介质中煤的瓦斯解吸曲线形态呈现拉长的“S”形态，与在空气介质中的瓦斯解吸特征截然不同，故无法用空气介质中煤的瓦斯解吸规律去准确推算提钻取芯过程泥浆介质中煤芯损失瓦斯量。
最后，在分析地勘钻孔解吸法测定煤层瓦斯含量误差产生原因与煤的瓦斯解吸规律研究结果的基础上，提出了新的瓦斯损失量补偿方法（模拟逼近法）及瓦斯残存含量快速测定新工艺，通过现场实际应用取得了较好的效果。
This paper studied gas occurrence characteristics in deep coal seam with highstress,high temperature and high pore pressure field and coal gas desorption laws indifferent medium, and put forward a new coal seam gas content measurement methodduring geological exploration based on coal gas desorption laws research results,andlaid the foundation. to further reveal gas occurrence mechanism in deep coal seam.
Firstly, on the basis of previous research results, coal reservoir characteristics,gasoccurrence state, migration process and their influence factors in coal seam wereanalyzed in detail. Deep coal seam pore and adsorption were tested in the laboratory,andconclusion from the experiment was that gas adsorption capacity of the same coal seamis enhanced with increase of depth under the same experimental conditions,and thatsome coal isothermal adsorption curves aren’t not consistent with the Langmuirequation.
After that, based on seepage theory and multi-physical coupling theory, fluiddynamic field coupling model of gas occurrence in deep coal seam was established forthe first time,and mathematical model was solved by using numerical analysissoftware--Comsol Multiphysics. The analysis results show that gas pressure and burieddepth is approximate linear relationship,and that coal seam gas content and deepness isapparent nonlinear relation, gradient decreases when reaching a certain depth;and Coalporosity and permeability decreases with the increase of depth.
Comprehensive analysis results of laboratory test, numerical simulation and fieldstatistical show that micropore and gas pressure in deep coal seam increase, accordinglygas adsorption capacity is also enhanced,but gas content increased gradient willdecrease due to obvious influence of temperature, finally will no longer increase.
A equipment for simulating coal seam gas desorption was developed throughcomparison of different schemes, it had four functions and realized separation of slurrypressure gas (N2) and desorption gas (CH4),which provided experimental base toresearch coal gas desorption laws in different medium. Based on Fick's law of diffusionand simulation testing device, coal gas desorption laws in air and slurry medium weresystemly studied.,research result showed that curve fitting effect of power function classis superior to exponential function class about gas desorption process in the air; Coal gas desorption curve in slurry medium under non-pressure conditions formed anelongated "S" shape，it is completely different from desorption characteristics in the airmedium.So coal core gas loss quantity during drilling coring can not be accuratelypredicted if we use coal gas desorption laws in air medium.
Finally,based on causes of error about geological exploration drilling desorptionmethod and coal gas desorption laws research results, new gas loss compensationmethod (simulation approximation) and gas residue quantity measurement technologywere put forward, and they achieved better results by practical application.
引文
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