高速客运网络结构优化研究
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摘要
城际间高速客运出行需求的快速增加对高速客运系统提出了更高的要求,因此,需要对高速客运体系的网络结构及其运营管理等问题进行深入的研究,以便完善高速客运网络体系,改善高速客运服务水平。尽管许多已有研究涉及到了交通运输网络的优化问题,但是如何在已有高速客运网络中优化新增网络节点的选址、如何在高速客运通道中协调多种客运方式、如何利用常规交通运输网络为高速客运网络提供喂给服务使之成为高效的综合客运网络体系等问题一直没有得到很好的解决。
针对目前研究中的问题,本文从两方面展开研究:1)高速客运网络构建相关优化问题研究。首先,拟通过新增空港选址模型优化高速客运体系的网络节点布局,从而提高高速客运网络的覆盖范围;其次,通过构建高速客运网络的喂给网络,优化高速客运体系的轴-辐式网络结构。2)高速客运网络的相关运营管理问题研究。首先,在优化新增空港选址的同时,优化新增空港的航线费率,以实现新增空港与已有空港的协调发展;其次,通过多种出行方式的竞争与合作模型优化高速客运通道上运力资源匹配;最后,通过引入超级网络模型,实现喂给网络与高速客运网络的有效衔接与匹配,提高高速客运网络的利用率和服务水平。
首先,基于对出行者空港选择行为的分析,构建空港选择概率模型,同时,基于对航空运输市场份额的分析,构建航线平均费率模型,并通过分析两个子模型的内在联系,建立新增空港选址优化模型。通过两个子模型的互相反馈迭代,模拟航空运输市场中供给者与消费者之间的博弈关系以及供给者之间的博弈关系,同时优化新增空港的选址及其航线费率。
其次,针对同一高速客运通道上的旅客进行SP问卷调查,获取出行者行为意识的相关信息,利用非集计选择理论分析出行者的方式选择行为。从社会资源利用的角度出发,对同一高速通道上的多种高速客运方式费用、运行时间、发班频率等属性进行分析,建立高速客运通道中的交通方式分担与替代问题的优化模型,分析高速客运通道上多种客运方式之间的竞争与合作关系,找出它们竞争与合作的均衡点,实现高速客运通道上运力资源的优化配置。
最后,以超级网络模型为研究工具,建立高速客运网络体系的组合优化模型,实现了对高速客运综合网络中出行方式选择与路径选择的一体化优化。本文研究由多种喂给交通方式构成的喂给网络,及其与高速客运综合网络的衔接匹配问题。针对同一高速客运区域内各种运输方式竞争与合作问题,利用超级网络模型虚链接与实链接求解组合优化模型,实现了对高速客运体系轴-辐式网络结构的优化,进而提高了高速客运网络体系的利用率。
With the rapid increase of intercity high speed passengers travel demand,the development of high speed passenger transport network system is faced with higher requirements.Thus the network structure and operation management are needed to be researched to improve the high speed passenger transport network system and its service level.Issues related to transport network optimization have been extensively studied,however,how to location the new node in the high speed passenger transport network system;how to coordinate the various modes of passenger transport in the high speed passenger transport corridor;how to use the conventional transport modes as feeder routes of high speed passenger transport network to improve its efficiency;are the problems that have not been solved well.
Considering the problems in existing studiers,we will study the optimization from two aspects:1) the optimization of network structure of high speed passengers transportation system.Firstly,we build the new airport location model to optimize the layout of network nodes,and thus improve the coverage of system;secondly,we build the feeder route network of high speed passenger transport network system to optimize the structure of hub-and-spoke system.2) study on operation management of high speed passengers transportation system.Firstly,optimize the airline average rate in the new airport location model to realized the coordinated and balanced program of development new airport and existing ones;then,optimize the transport capacity resource allocation in high speed passenger transport corridor by means of building the competition and cooperation model among the high speed passenger transport modes;finally,by use of super network model,we combine the feeder route network and high speed passenger transport network to improve the utilization rate and service level of high speed passenger transport system.
Firstly,based on the analysis of airport choice behavior of travelers,we build airport choice probability model;based on the analysis of air transport market scale,we build airline average rate model;and considering the relationship between the above two sub-models,we build the new airport location model.By iteration of the two sub-models,the game process between suppliers and customers and that among suppliers are simulated.The location of new airport and airline average rate are integrating optimized.
Secondly,by means of SP survey to the travelers in the high speed passenger transport corridor,we obtain the information of travels' consciousness,and with use of disaggregate theory,we analyze the choice behavior of travelers for their trip.From the aspect of social resource utilizing,we analyze the attributes of each mode in high speed passenger transport corridor,such as:the ticket price,time cost and service frequency. We build the optimization models for mode split and substitution among the modes to analyze the competition and cooperation relation among modes in high speed passenger transport corridor,and obtain the equilibrium between competition and cooperation to realize the optimization of the transport capacity resource allocation in high speed passenger transport corridor.
Finally,by introducing super network model,we build the combinatorial optimization model of high speed passenger transport network system to realize the integrating optimization of mode choice and route choice in the system.We study the feeder route network and the combination between it and high speed passenger transport network.Considering the competition and cooperation among the modes,we use virtual link and real link of the super network to solve the combinatorial optimization model to optimize the hub-and-spoke structure of high speed passenger transport system,thus improve the utilization rate of high speed passenger transport system.
针对目前研究中的问题,本文从两方面展开研究:1)高速客运网络构建相关优化问题研究。首先,拟通过新增空港选址模型优化高速客运体系的网络节点布局,从而提高高速客运网络的覆盖范围;其次,通过构建高速客运网络的喂给网络,优化高速客运体系的轴-辐式网络结构。2)高速客运网络的相关运营管理问题研究。首先,在优化新增空港选址的同时,优化新增空港的航线费率,以实现新增空港与已有空港的协调发展;其次,通过多种出行方式的竞争与合作模型优化高速客运通道上运力资源匹配;最后,通过引入超级网络模型,实现喂给网络与高速客运网络的有效衔接与匹配,提高高速客运网络的利用率和服务水平。
首先,基于对出行者空港选择行为的分析,构建空港选择概率模型,同时,基于对航空运输市场份额的分析,构建航线平均费率模型,并通过分析两个子模型的内在联系,建立新增空港选址优化模型。通过两个子模型的互相反馈迭代,模拟航空运输市场中供给者与消费者之间的博弈关系以及供给者之间的博弈关系,同时优化新增空港的选址及其航线费率。
其次,针对同一高速客运通道上的旅客进行SP问卷调查,获取出行者行为意识的相关信息,利用非集计选择理论分析出行者的方式选择行为。从社会资源利用的角度出发,对同一高速通道上的多种高速客运方式费用、运行时间、发班频率等属性进行分析,建立高速客运通道中的交通方式分担与替代问题的优化模型,分析高速客运通道上多种客运方式之间的竞争与合作关系,找出它们竞争与合作的均衡点,实现高速客运通道上运力资源的优化配置。
最后,以超级网络模型为研究工具,建立高速客运网络体系的组合优化模型,实现了对高速客运综合网络中出行方式选择与路径选择的一体化优化。本文研究由多种喂给交通方式构成的喂给网络,及其与高速客运综合网络的衔接匹配问题。针对同一高速客运区域内各种运输方式竞争与合作问题,利用超级网络模型虚链接与实链接求解组合优化模型,实现了对高速客运体系轴-辐式网络结构的优化,进而提高了高速客运网络体系的利用率。
With the rapid increase of intercity high speed passengers travel demand,the development of high speed passenger transport network system is faced with higher requirements.Thus the network structure and operation management are needed to be researched to improve the high speed passenger transport network system and its service level.Issues related to transport network optimization have been extensively studied,however,how to location the new node in the high speed passenger transport network system;how to coordinate the various modes of passenger transport in the high speed passenger transport corridor;how to use the conventional transport modes as feeder routes of high speed passenger transport network to improve its efficiency;are the problems that have not been solved well.
Considering the problems in existing studiers,we will study the optimization from two aspects:1) the optimization of network structure of high speed passengers transportation system.Firstly,we build the new airport location model to optimize the layout of network nodes,and thus improve the coverage of system;secondly,we build the feeder route network of high speed passenger transport network system to optimize the structure of hub-and-spoke system.2) study on operation management of high speed passengers transportation system.Firstly,optimize the airline average rate in the new airport location model to realized the coordinated and balanced program of development new airport and existing ones;then,optimize the transport capacity resource allocation in high speed passenger transport corridor by means of building the competition and cooperation model among the high speed passenger transport modes;finally,by use of super network model,we combine the feeder route network and high speed passenger transport network to improve the utilization rate and service level of high speed passenger transport system.
Firstly,based on the analysis of airport choice behavior of travelers,we build airport choice probability model;based on the analysis of air transport market scale,we build airline average rate model;and considering the relationship between the above two sub-models,we build the new airport location model.By iteration of the two sub-models,the game process between suppliers and customers and that among suppliers are simulated.The location of new airport and airline average rate are integrating optimized.
Secondly,by means of SP survey to the travelers in the high speed passenger transport corridor,we obtain the information of travels' consciousness,and with use of disaggregate theory,we analyze the choice behavior of travelers for their trip.From the aspect of social resource utilizing,we analyze the attributes of each mode in high speed passenger transport corridor,such as:the ticket price,time cost and service frequency. We build the optimization models for mode split and substitution among the modes to analyze the competition and cooperation relation among modes in high speed passenger transport corridor,and obtain the equilibrium between competition and cooperation to realize the optimization of the transport capacity resource allocation in high speed passenger transport corridor.
Finally,by introducing super network model,we build the combinatorial optimization model of high speed passenger transport network system to realize the integrating optimization of mode choice and route choice in the system.We study the feeder route network and the combination between it and high speed passenger transport network.Considering the competition and cooperation among the modes,we use virtual link and real link of the super network to solve the combinatorial optimization model to optimize the hub-and-spoke structure of high speed passenger transport system,thus improve the utilization rate of high speed passenger transport system.
引文
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