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经济欠发达地区农民医疗保健制度社区干预试验研究
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摘要
目的
     了解我国经济欠发达地区农村卫生服务的提供、农民对卫生服务的需求、利用、费用及其影响因素,卫生资源的配置及存在的问题,农民对医疗保健服务及医疗保健制度的意见与意愿。建立适合经济欠发达农村社会经济发展水平的,符合农民意愿和经济承受能力的新型医疗保障制度,改善经济欠发达地区农村农民的卫生服务状况。
     方法
     采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取样本。将河南省武陟县未施行家庭合同保健制度的乡(镇)采用完全随机的方法抽取6个乡镇;在每个调查乡(镇)中,完全随机抽取2个行政村;在抽到的12个行政村中,每村采用系统抽样的方法选择100户农户家庭作为调查对象。通过社会调查、农户调查及农村卫生机构调查,深入了解武陟县的社会经济状况,卫生资源,农民的基本医疗服务需求量、利用率及费用,需求与利用间的差距及其原因,农民、村干部及卫生人员对农村医疗保健服务及医疗保健制度的意见与意愿;通过文献研究,现场考察及专
    
    郑州大学医学院公犯3届硕士学位论文
    经济欠发达地区农民医疗保健制度社区干预试验研究
    翻昨摸肪试,
    基线调查的结果
    总结、研究中国农冲黔神潍缔峻,
    根据
    设计2套不哪蔚功呼、辛嗜范围阱嗜比
    实施社区干预。场测:
    因地制宜、低点起步、协商自愿收费适度、服务推动、保障健康;服
    务内容县乡村三级医序枷阿鄙叮下,医务心皎拙医院院门,深入农户,为农民提供基本
    的方法,对卫打恻时如伟胜、
    进而向有关部门提出中
    结果
    1基线调查:
    19刀队,县医院和乡厦理扯知如越创扮剧为刀0张、
    40张
    233儿
    3男种,高于全国调查结
    果:两周就诊率为13.只肠,全县主任、副主任医师18凡占人员总数的13%,主治医师163
    儿占n.鹅‘,住院医师145凡占10.夕场,医士刀8凡占172场;千人口拥有床位139
    张千人口拥有卫生技术人员2加凡拥隋医生众幻凡每名医当叙姗嘴洽门诊量为7.5
     今
    人次无病床使用率为21.邓肠,均低于全国水平。调查的12个村村医疗点中有2个各拥有
    一个产包,有接生员的村医疗点为2个。
    收月封拢菇,l生书场至万日,年的r招绿准院撇妙洲拥、
    率有七帕建势,
    驹闪甲比率、到场比滓有七啪崔必.
    司圈助劝雏环到基叔穿沮确韵主要剧困难
    费过高.2方案资添“方案1”以户为单彭洲胶勃10元,家庭成员即可契愈粗荡演推
    康档案,每
    吝麟短爵.
    每年四
    次上门侧血压、查尿撼、奴好魂渣、老年病、
    在定点岁岌理睹淤始,细拱演,检查治疗费减免l夕y0~如肠。“方案2”以
    
    郑州大学医学院2003届硕士学位论文
    经济欠发达地区农民医疗保健制度社区干预试验研究
    户为单位,筹资水平为5元人年,辛嗜范围除“方案1”晰嗜内名汐卜,在定点乡镇卫生院
    住院,按3任汤比例报销医药费。3.效果评价月水仅民家庭合同保健布峻实施后的评价显示,例卫么
    以上的人赞同该韦峻,对交纳的基金可以承受;自费医疗组和干预组的两周就诊率、两周未
    就诊率存在明显差异(产习.001):不同医疗保履纬口度之间需住院未住院原因分析表明,
    组因经济困难不能住院的比例明显氏于自费医疗组,下助清叨机左右的农民看不起病;
    干预
    试点
    乡干预前后计划免疫覆盖率均在9兮场以上,传染病发病率没有明显变化,
    (产刃.05),孕产妇死亡率、婴少既亡率略有下降?切.05);参加家庭合同
    保朋纬峻的农民两周每千人口患病天数、两周内每千劳动者因病休工天数两个指园氏于自费
    医疗。
    结论
    武阶县农民家庭合同保健布峻针对农民存在的医疗服务需要量高、基本医疗服务无保
    障、缺乏预防保健、难以承担
    村卫生服务管理州体化基础土
    难以承担高昂医药费等问题
    以农村社区卫生』及务为切入点,在推行乡
    重点解决乡村门诊服务利用不足以及预防侧潮民务缺乏的问
    题,即以健康为中心,突出预防保健,兼顾基本医疗。该带峻具有较好的可行性、有效性、
    可得性、可及性。诊沛峻的实施,有利于规猫附寸医药卫生市场,有利于倔转卫生系统转变
    服务模式、提高服务质量、改割良务态度。农民家庭合同保健韦恨是沾济寸医疗保障带峻的一
    种有效形式。
Objective
    By means of knowing supply for medeal services in developing rural area of China, the needs for farmers about medeaJ services, utization, expenditure and its influenced factor,
    scheme of health resources and its problems, advice and suggestions of farmers about
    medical care services and medical care system, establishing the new medical care
    system fitting the level of economy of rural developing areas, which is suitable for erritxarce and wi of farmers and improving the situation of health services for farmers in developing area.
    Methods
    Adopt the methods of taking samples randomly. Randomly withdraw 6 townships in Wuzhi county Henan Province ,which haven't carried out the system and randomly withdraw 2 villages in each investigated township, among 12 withdrawed villages,
    
    
    choose 100 households as investigatees from each village by method of systemic sampling. Knowing deeply the situations of economy, hearth resources, the basic need of medical care services, utilization and expenditure of farmers and the gap between the need and utilization of medical services and it's causes, the suggestions and will of farmers, rural cadres and health personnel for medical care service and medical care system in Rural, the investigations about society, farmers and health institution in Rural. Summary and researching the health care system in Rural China, especially on the experiences of Co-operation Health Care Scheme(CHCS), the methods of researching documents, making an on-the-spot investigation and having special seminars. According to the investigation results, we design 2 sets of community intervention. Principles: starting form low level, negotiate willingly, moderate fee, service promotion, heath indemification.. The basic principle: the medical care system of contract for farmers is a kind of new medical care system, which is based on carrying out health organization in Rural as an organic whole and health services in Rural community. The basic principle is 'suiting measure to local conditions, starting from low position, volunteering to consult, collecting fees appropriately, promoting services, ensuring health 'and so on.. Contents of services: prevention and heath service, basic medical service, and weak group service Basing on volunteering to consult, farmers have a contract for health protection with their Health Service Station in Rural Community or Health Institution that is carrying out management as an organic whole. After one years implement of the scheme, we conduct the appraisal on possibility of health service, and propound some suggestions for the policy of China rural health reform to the related departments.
    
    Results
    1. Investigation of grassroots: the biweekly disease rate of the peasants is 19.28%, the beds of county and township hospital are respectively 220 and 4O, the average village doctors of medical unit is 2.33. Aueragery each vlage medical unit possess 393 kinds drugs, which is higher than that of national investigation resuhs, biweekry dinic visit rate is 13.99%, population of thousands possess 1.39beds, population of thousands possess 2.2. health technical staff, utfeation rate of beds is 21.28%, tower than that of national level. The running of hospitals of Wuzhi county and township dependom income of medical service and drugs. The average clinic hosprtafization and drug expenditure form 1996-2000 increased incessantly. The incidence rate of infections disease has the tendency and of ascending. From the investigations of reasons of failure of biweekly dnc visit of not getting basic medteal service of Wuzhi peasants are economical difficulty and high medial expendrture.
    2. scheme design: The first intervened scheme of community, famies raise funds about ten yuan each famiy a year. During contracted farmers are cured in then Health Institution, they can have a good treatment, for example, for free about registered fees and reducing 15%-25% expendrture on examining and treatment The second intervened scheme of community, families raise funds about five yuan
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