家用电站控制系统的设计与研究
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摘要
随着社会发展和人民生活水平的提高,以及全球能源危机的出现,许多地方的电力供应出现日益紧张的局面,在用电高峰或电力故障的情况下,经常发生人为或非人为的突然停电。家用电站具有结构紧凑、效率高、启动迅速、控制灵活等特点,正逐渐被许多的家庭应用作为应急或备用电源。为了提高现代社会人民生活水平,提高我国内燃机发电设备的国际竞争力,在传统的家用电站控制方式的基础上,研究开发更加智能、更加完善的控制系统具有十分重要的现实意义。
本论文课题在广泛查阅资料的基础之上,分析了国内外家用电站控制方式现状,结合现有家用电站的具体结构和工作原理,对家用电站控制方法和理论进行了详细分析,研究设计了以PIC18F458单片机为主控芯片的家用电站控制系统,该系统能够自动检测市电的供应情况,自动决定家用电站的启动和停止,并控制市电和家用电站之间供电的相互切换。在家用电站工作过程中,可对汽油机的运行状态进行实时检测。本论文还进行了铅酸蓄电池SOC的估算,以及家用电站定期的维护性运行和汽油机工作状态的指示。
家用电站控制系统的硬件设计和软件设计,均采用模块化的设计方法。按照控制功能要求进行模块划分,系统硬件设计包括市电检测、转速检测、步进电机驱动、输出电压检测、电池电压检测、电池充放电电流检测、油位检测、冷却水温度检测、机油压力检测、继电控制、日历时钟等模块；系统软件程序设计包括主程序、启动子程序、工作状态检测子程序、电池SOC估算子程序、报警指示子程序等模块。由于控制系统的工作环境比较恶劣,本系统在硬件电路上进行电气隔离,软件程序上采用数字滤波的方式进行抗干扰设计,以确保家用电站控制系统的可靠性和稳定性。
所设计的控制系统经过模拟运行和现场试验,各个模块之间的工作运行正常稳定、协调性好,并且具有响应速度快等特点,基本能够完成该系统设计的全部功能,达到系统的控制目的和设计要求。
With the social development, the improvement of people's living standards and the world's emerging energy crisis, Supply of electricity increasingly tense situation is in many parts of the world. During the peak or power failure situation, Man-made or non-human sudden blackouts occur frequently. Home Power Generation Equipment has been widely used in many families, as emergency or standby power, Because its characteristics has Compact, Mobile Convenience, Efficient, Start Rapid and Flexible Control and so on. In order to improve people's standard of living of modern society and raise our international competitiveness in internal-combustion engine power generation equipment, Researching and developing a more intelligent and complete control system based on the traditional Home Power Generation Equipment control method have a great practical significance.
This paper analyzes the domestic and international Home Power Generation Equipment control status with a wide search. Combination of the specific structure and working principle of the existing Home Power Generation Equipment, Detailed analysis the Home Power Generation Equipment control methods and working principle. Researched and designed a control system of Home Power Generation Equipment by using Microchip's PIC18F458 microcontroller for the master chip. It is able to detect the supply of main electricity, Decide to start and stop the Home Power Generation Equipment automatically according to the supply, and control switches between main electricity and Home Power Generation Equipment. During the running in Home Power Generation Equipment, its gasoline engine running in real-time detection, in addition to a lead-acid battery SOC is estimated, Home Power Generation Equipment on a regular basis the trial operation and maintenance, work status of the alarm and so on.
Whether the hardware design or software design of control system, all use of modular design method, and divided in control function. Hardware includes Main electricity detection, Speed of engine detection, Stepper motor driver, Power output voltage detection, Battery voltage and current of charge or discharge detection, Gasoline level detection, Temperature detection, Engine Oil Pressure Test, Relay Control, and Calendar Clock Module. Software includes the Main program, Start engine subroutine, Working state detection subroutine, Battery SOC estimation subroutine, and Alarm instructions subroutine. Modular design method simplifies the design of hardware circuit and the preparation of software program. Because of the bad working environment, the hardware circuits have electrical isolation. And Software program used Digital filtering approach to Interference Isolation. That's for Reliability and stability of the control system.
After simulation running and field testing, the work of each module of this system is running normal and coordinated well. It has fast response, and basically be able to complete the full functionality of the system to achieve the purpose and design of control system.
本论文课题在广泛查阅资料的基础之上,分析了国内外家用电站控制方式现状,结合现有家用电站的具体结构和工作原理,对家用电站控制方法和理论进行了详细分析,研究设计了以PIC18F458单片机为主控芯片的家用电站控制系统,该系统能够自动检测市电的供应情况,自动决定家用电站的启动和停止,并控制市电和家用电站之间供电的相互切换。在家用电站工作过程中,可对汽油机的运行状态进行实时检测。本论文还进行了铅酸蓄电池SOC的估算,以及家用电站定期的维护性运行和汽油机工作状态的指示。
家用电站控制系统的硬件设计和软件设计,均采用模块化的设计方法。按照控制功能要求进行模块划分,系统硬件设计包括市电检测、转速检测、步进电机驱动、输出电压检测、电池电压检测、电池充放电电流检测、油位检测、冷却水温度检测、机油压力检测、继电控制、日历时钟等模块；系统软件程序设计包括主程序、启动子程序、工作状态检测子程序、电池SOC估算子程序、报警指示子程序等模块。由于控制系统的工作环境比较恶劣,本系统在硬件电路上进行电气隔离,软件程序上采用数字滤波的方式进行抗干扰设计,以确保家用电站控制系统的可靠性和稳定性。
所设计的控制系统经过模拟运行和现场试验,各个模块之间的工作运行正常稳定、协调性好,并且具有响应速度快等特点,基本能够完成该系统设计的全部功能,达到系统的控制目的和设计要求。
With the social development, the improvement of people's living standards and the world's emerging energy crisis, Supply of electricity increasingly tense situation is in many parts of the world. During the peak or power failure situation, Man-made or non-human sudden blackouts occur frequently. Home Power Generation Equipment has been widely used in many families, as emergency or standby power, Because its characteristics has Compact, Mobile Convenience, Efficient, Start Rapid and Flexible Control and so on. In order to improve people's standard of living of modern society and raise our international competitiveness in internal-combustion engine power generation equipment, Researching and developing a more intelligent and complete control system based on the traditional Home Power Generation Equipment control method have a great practical significance.
This paper analyzes the domestic and international Home Power Generation Equipment control status with a wide search. Combination of the specific structure and working principle of the existing Home Power Generation Equipment, Detailed analysis the Home Power Generation Equipment control methods and working principle. Researched and designed a control system of Home Power Generation Equipment by using Microchip's PIC18F458 microcontroller for the master chip. It is able to detect the supply of main electricity, Decide to start and stop the Home Power Generation Equipment automatically according to the supply, and control switches between main electricity and Home Power Generation Equipment. During the running in Home Power Generation Equipment, its gasoline engine running in real-time detection, in addition to a lead-acid battery SOC is estimated, Home Power Generation Equipment on a regular basis the trial operation and maintenance, work status of the alarm and so on.
Whether the hardware design or software design of control system, all use of modular design method, and divided in control function. Hardware includes Main electricity detection, Speed of engine detection, Stepper motor driver, Power output voltage detection, Battery voltage and current of charge or discharge detection, Gasoline level detection, Temperature detection, Engine Oil Pressure Test, Relay Control, and Calendar Clock Module. Software includes the Main program, Start engine subroutine, Working state detection subroutine, Battery SOC estimation subroutine, and Alarm instructions subroutine. Modular design method simplifies the design of hardware circuit and the preparation of software program. Because of the bad working environment, the hardware circuits have electrical isolation. And Software program used Digital filtering approach to Interference Isolation. That's for Reliability and stability of the control system.
After simulation running and field testing, the work of each module of this system is running normal and coordinated well. It has fast response, and basically be able to complete the full functionality of the system to achieve the purpose and design of control system.
引文
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[3]俞杨威.基于DSP的移动式发电机逆变电源研制[M].杭州：浙江大学,2007,5
[4]杨长圣.汽油发电机组数字电子调速器的研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2006,4
[5]尹玉军.高速永磁同步发电机逆变电源系统的研究[D].重庆：重庆大学,2006,4
[6]杜文雄.小型汽油发电机变频电源控制器的研制[D].广州：广东工业大学,2008,4
[7]郑建超.电力前沿技术的现状和前景[J].中国电力,1999(10)：9～14
[8]焦营营,姚福安.便携式汽油发电机逆变电源的研制[J].机电一体化,2006(2)：25～29
[9]宗平.开普数码发电机组[J].能源与环保,2005(2)：26
[10]陈锦.小型高速汽油机发电机组数字控制系统与控制算法研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2006,4
[11]刘红燕.柴油发电机组微机励磁控制系统设计的研究[D].长沙：湖南大学,2008,1
[12]于满立.柴油发电机组监控设备的设计[D].沈阳：东北农业大学,2005,4
[13]袁春,张寿珍.柴油发电机组[M].北京.人民邮电出版社,2003,1-2
[14]赖广显.新型柴油发电机组[M].北京,人民邮电出版社,1999
[15]苏晓东.发电机组监控检测系统研制[D].南京：南京理工大学,2002,3
[16]肖勇,李冬杨.柴油发电机组控制系统的模块设计[J].移动电源与车辆.2003(3)：19～21
[17]丁炳亮.电机转速测量方法研究[J].山东科学.2005(5),42～51
[18]汪云.发动机转速测试系统中转速采集的研究[J].小型内燃机与摩托车,2004(2)：15～17
[19]安治永,李应红等.某型发动机转速的实现[J].传感器与微系统.2006(1)：36～38
[20]秦曾煌.电工学[M].高等教育出版社,2004
[21]黄长艺,严普强.机械工程测试技术基础[M].机械工业出版社,2001
[22]李贵海.电池SOC估算策略研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2006,8
[23]吴池.Ah计量法在MATLAB环境下对锂离子电池SOC的估算[D].天津：天津大学,2007,6
[24]张术.电动汽车电池系统软件设计与SOC估算策略研究[D].天津：天津大学,2006
[25]李超.电动汽车用镍氢电池模型参数辨识和SOC估算研究[D].天津：天津大学,2007
[26]王佳.汽车动力电池SOC模糊估计及在DSP上的实现[D].长春：吉林大学,2007,5
[27]陆勇,方杰.电动车用MH-Ni电池SOC模型的研究[J].电池工业,2006(10)：307～309
[28]李学海.PIC单片机实用教程[M].北京航空大学出版社,2007
[29]刘和平,刘林,余红欣等.PIC18Fxxx单片机原理及接口程序设计[M].北京航天航空大学出版社,2004
[30]PIC18FXXX8 DATA SHEET DS4115C[PDF]. MICROCHIP,2004
[31]LM324, LM224, LM2244, LM2902, LM2902V, NCV2902 DATA SHEET[PDF].2002
[32]孙虎.液位检测技术的现状及传感器的选择[J].内蒙古石油化工,2009(14)：60～61
[33]周惠朝.常用电子元件及典型应用[M].电子工业出版社,2005
[34]杨绪东.家用电器与工业控制实用电路精选[M].化学工业出版社,2003
[35]王立光.内燃机电站的安全监控与保护[J].移动电源与车辆.1997(4)：19～21
[36]冯晓.谈发动机水温、油温和机油压力[J].河北农机,2009(4)：26～27
[37]常州海盛电器有限公司.网址：http://www.czmotor.com/prol/1/
[38]刘升.两相步进电机驱动芯片TA8435H及应用[J].新特器件应用,2005(3)：37～39
[39]TA8435H DATA SHEET[PDF]. TOSHIBA BIPOLAR LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SILICON MONOLITHIC,2001,6
[40]Real-Time Clock DATA SHEET[PDF]. DALLAS SEMICONDUCTOR MAXIM,2005
[41]林国清,李见为等.一种新型的时钟日历芯片DS12C877[J].国外电子元器件,2007
[42]史磊.混合动力汽车行车数据及回放系统的设计与研究[D].重庆：西南大学,2008,5
[43]SS49E/SS59ET Series Analog Position Sensors DATA SHEET[PDF]. HONEYWELL,2008
[44]M. A. Rahman eta. Modeling and Controller Design of Isolated Diesel Engine Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1996 (11): 321～333
[45]Ye Chengmin, Microcomputer Real-time and Simulation Control System of Ship Power Station[M],1995
[46]L, Gazelle, A, Austutz. Control of Diesel Engines[J]. IEEE Control System Magazine, 2006 (4):41～49
[47]Zhu huabing. Research on The Computer Monitoring and Control System of Diesel Mo tor [J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2004,1
[48]Allen J Wood, Bruce F Wallenberg. Power Generation and Control[M]. Tsinghua University Press,2003,7
[49]Gregory L Plett, Extended Kalman. Filtering for Battery Management Systems of LiPB-based HEV Battery Packs Part 1[J]. Power Sources,2004,134 (2):251-262
[50]Suleiman Abu-Sharkh, Dennis Doerffel, Rapid Test and Non-linear Model Character Rotation of Solid-state Lithium-ion Batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources,2004(130):265～275
[51]Andreas Jossen. Fundamentals of Battery Dynamics[J]. Journal of Power Sources,2005(12): 526～539
[52]Gregory L Plett, Extended Kalman. Filtering for Battery Management Systems of LiPB-based HEV Battery Packs Part 2[J]. Power Sources,2004,134 (2):262～276
[53]Zhu, Coleman, Hurley. State of charge determination in a lead-acid battery:combined EMF estimation and Ah-balance approach[J]. IEEE Power Electric Specialists Conference, VOL, 3 JUN 2004:125～134
[54]Mark, Edward. Adaptive State of Charge Algorithm For Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries Including Hysterics Phenomena[J]. Power Source, AUG 2003:83～87
[2]傅胜阳.汽油发电机组逆变器和控制器的研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2007,8
[3]俞杨威.基于DSP的移动式发电机逆变电源研制[M].杭州：浙江大学,2007,5
[4]杨长圣.汽油发电机组数字电子调速器的研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2006,4
[5]尹玉军.高速永磁同步发电机逆变电源系统的研究[D].重庆：重庆大学,2006,4
[6]杜文雄.小型汽油发电机变频电源控制器的研制[D].广州：广东工业大学,2008,4
[7]郑建超.电力前沿技术的现状和前景[J].中国电力,1999(10)：9～14
[8]焦营营,姚福安.便携式汽油发电机逆变电源的研制[J].机电一体化,2006(2)：25～29
[9]宗平.开普数码发电机组[J].能源与环保,2005(2)：26
[10]陈锦.小型高速汽油机发电机组数字控制系统与控制算法研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2006,4
[11]刘红燕.柴油发电机组微机励磁控制系统设计的研究[D].长沙：湖南大学,2008,1
[12]于满立.柴油发电机组监控设备的设计[D].沈阳：东北农业大学,2005,4
[13]袁春,张寿珍.柴油发电机组[M].北京.人民邮电出版社,2003,1-2
[14]赖广显.新型柴油发电机组[M].北京,人民邮电出版社,1999
[15]苏晓东.发电机组监控检测系统研制[D].南京：南京理工大学,2002,3
[16]肖勇,李冬杨.柴油发电机组控制系统的模块设计[J].移动电源与车辆.2003(3)：19～21
[17]丁炳亮.电机转速测量方法研究[J].山东科学.2005(5),42～51
[18]汪云.发动机转速测试系统中转速采集的研究[J].小型内燃机与摩托车,2004(2)：15～17
[19]安治永,李应红等.某型发动机转速的实现[J].传感器与微系统.2006(1)：36～38
[20]秦曾煌.电工学[M].高等教育出版社,2004
[21]黄长艺,严普强.机械工程测试技术基础[M].机械工业出版社,2001
[22]李贵海.电池SOC估算策略研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2006,8
[23]吴池.Ah计量法在MATLAB环境下对锂离子电池SOC的估算[D].天津：天津大学,2007,6
[24]张术.电动汽车电池系统软件设计与SOC估算策略研究[D].天津：天津大学,2006
[25]李超.电动汽车用镍氢电池模型参数辨识和SOC估算研究[D].天津：天津大学,2007
[26]王佳.汽车动力电池SOC模糊估计及在DSP上的实现[D].长春：吉林大学,2007,5
[27]陆勇,方杰.电动车用MH-Ni电池SOC模型的研究[J].电池工业,2006(10)：307～309
[28]李学海.PIC单片机实用教程[M].北京航空大学出版社,2007
[29]刘和平,刘林,余红欣等.PIC18Fxxx单片机原理及接口程序设计[M].北京航天航空大学出版社,2004
[30]PIC18FXXX8 DATA SHEET DS4115C[PDF]. MICROCHIP,2004
[31]LM324, LM224, LM2244, LM2902, LM2902V, NCV2902 DATA SHEET[PDF].2002
[32]孙虎.液位检测技术的现状及传感器的选择[J].内蒙古石油化工,2009(14)：60～61
[33]周惠朝.常用电子元件及典型应用[M].电子工业出版社,2005
[34]杨绪东.家用电器与工业控制实用电路精选[M].化学工业出版社,2003
[35]王立光.内燃机电站的安全监控与保护[J].移动电源与车辆.1997(4)：19～21
[36]冯晓.谈发动机水温、油温和机油压力[J].河北农机,2009(4)：26～27
[37]常州海盛电器有限公司.网址：http://www.czmotor.com/prol/1/
[38]刘升.两相步进电机驱动芯片TA8435H及应用[J].新特器件应用,2005(3)：37～39
[39]TA8435H DATA SHEET[PDF]. TOSHIBA BIPOLAR LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SILICON MONOLITHIC,2001,6
[40]Real-Time Clock DATA SHEET[PDF]. DALLAS SEMICONDUCTOR MAXIM,2005
[41]林国清,李见为等.一种新型的时钟日历芯片DS12C877[J].国外电子元器件,2007
[42]史磊.混合动力汽车行车数据及回放系统的设计与研究[D].重庆：西南大学,2008,5
[43]SS49E/SS59ET Series Analog Position Sensors DATA SHEET[PDF]. HONEYWELL,2008
[44]M. A. Rahman eta. Modeling and Controller Design of Isolated Diesel Engine Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1996 (11): 321～333
[45]Ye Chengmin, Microcomputer Real-time and Simulation Control System of Ship Power Station[M],1995
[46]L, Gazelle, A, Austutz. Control of Diesel Engines[J]. IEEE Control System Magazine, 2006 (4):41～49
[47]Zhu huabing. Research on The Computer Monitoring and Control System of Diesel Mo tor [J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2004,1
[48]Allen J Wood, Bruce F Wallenberg. Power Generation and Control[M]. Tsinghua University Press,2003,7
[49]Gregory L Plett, Extended Kalman. Filtering for Battery Management Systems of LiPB-based HEV Battery Packs Part 1[J]. Power Sources,2004,134 (2):251-262
[50]Suleiman Abu-Sharkh, Dennis Doerffel, Rapid Test and Non-linear Model Character Rotation of Solid-state Lithium-ion Batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources,2004(130):265～275
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