油松挥发性化合物的分析及油松毛虫雌蛾对油松挥发物电生理反应的研究
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摘要
本文采用动态顶空采集法对油松挥发性化学物质进行了分析鉴定，总共鉴定出40种化合物，发现油松挥发物主要有萜烯类化合物及其含氧化合物组成，其中单萜烯类化合物占总量的52.64％，酯类挥发物占总量的35.13％。
油松挥发物昼夜节律变化结果表明：挥发物中大多数挥发物的释放遵循昼夜节律的变化，大部分化合物白天的释放速率高于夜间，这与害虫天敌的活动规律相吻合，体现了植物、植食性昆虫和天敌三者间的协同进化。
分析了轻度机械损伤和重度机械损伤诱导的油松挥发物在油松受害96h内的变化，结果表明：不同程度机械损伤后挥发物成分中没有新的化合物出现，只是受害后释放高峰时间及释放量有所差异。轻度机械损伤后，除α-蒎烯大部分化合物的相对百分含量较对照有所上升，而重度机械损伤后，β-月桂烯释放量降低，其他单萜的释放量高于对照。
采用触角电位(EAG)技术分析了油松毛虫雌蛾对(-)-α-蒎烯、(+)-α-蒎烯、(-)-β-蒎烯、(+)-β-蒎烯、(-)-柠檬烯、(+)-柠檬烯、α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯和柠檬烯的触角电位反应。剂量反应测试结果表明，油松毛虫雌蛾对(-)-α-蒎烯的饱和剂量是1600μl，对(+)-α-蒎烯、(-)-β-蒎烯、(+)-β-蒎烯的饱和剂量是800μ1，而(-)-柠檬烯和(+)-柠檬烯的饱和剂量则是50μl。
油松毛虫雌蛾对3对手性化合物及其消旋体的反应表明，油松毛虫可能用同一个受体细胞来接受(-)-α-蒎烯与(+)-α-蒎烯，β-蒎烯的试验结果与α-蒎烯相似，其对映异构体可能同样被同一个受体细胞来接受。
从油松毛虫雌蛾对寄主植物和非寄主植物的试验结果可以看出，油松挥发性化合物引起的油松毛虫雌蛾的触角电位值显著高于非寄主植物挥发物引起的触角电位值。
In this paper, volatile organic compounds from Pinus tabulaeformis were collected using dynamic headspace collection methods and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The forty compounds of healthy needles of needles of Pinus tabulaeformis were identified. The results indicated that terpenes and oxygenated volatile organic compounds were the dominant volatiles release from P. tabulaeformis. The relative amounts of monopene in the volatiles of the needles of Pinus tabulaeformis are 52.64%, and relative amounts of the oxygen containing compounds in the volatiles are 35.13%.
The emission of major volatile organic compounds followed a diurnal cycle with release rates increased during the light period and decreased during the dark period. This inosculates with the pest activity disciplinarian of the natural enemy activity and shows the coordination evolution between the plant the phytophagy insect and the natural enemy.
The result of volatile organic compounds from P. tabulaeformis indicated that different degrees damage considerably influenced the changes of induced volatile products from leaves. The relative percentages of most volatiles were higher than the healthy control Pinus besidesα- pinene in slightly artificially-damaged leaves; on the other hand, in serious artificially-damaged leaves, the relative percentage ofβ-myrcene was lower than the control, and others were higher than the healthy trees. In damaged P. massioniana, the induced-volatile organic compounds' changes only occurred on the variation of relative contents no new induced compounds were found so far.
Electroantennograms were recorded from female Dendrolimus punctafus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu to serial stimulus doses(50μl, 100μl, 400μl, 800μl, 1600μl、3200μl)offour monoterpene hydrocarbons ((+) -α-pinene、(-) -α- pinene、(-) -β- pinene、(+) -β- pinene) and the threshold were tested. Dose-response curves constructed from EAGsrevealed that the threshold of(-)-α- pinene was 1 600μl and the threshold of the other three chemicals were 800μl. The relative size of the electroantennogram response was higher for (+) -α-pinene compared to (-) -α-pinene ,indicating that greater affinity to receptor molecules for (+) -α-pinene at the level of the dendrites; On the contrary, response of the insects to the (-) form of theβ-pinene was higher than that to the (+) form, showing (+) -β- pinene does not bind as efficiently with the receptor molecules in many of the sensilla. Electroantennogram recording using mixtures of the enantiomers at saturating dose levels showed that the response to the mixture ofα- pinene was between the two forms ofα- pinene .It is showed that the two forms ofα-pinene were detected by the same receptor neurons, and the same to theβ- pinene. Discrimination between enantiomers by plant olfactory receptor neurons in the insects suggested that the enantiomeric ratios of volatile compounds may be important in host location by the D. punetafus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu.
The results of female D. punetafus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu to the volatiles from the host plant and the non-host plant indicate that the response of the insects to the volatiles of P. tabulaeformis is higher than the response to the non-host plant volatiles.
油松挥发物昼夜节律变化结果表明：挥发物中大多数挥发物的释放遵循昼夜节律的变化，大部分化合物白天的释放速率高于夜间，这与害虫天敌的活动规律相吻合，体现了植物、植食性昆虫和天敌三者间的协同进化。
分析了轻度机械损伤和重度机械损伤诱导的油松挥发物在油松受害96h内的变化，结果表明：不同程度机械损伤后挥发物成分中没有新的化合物出现，只是受害后释放高峰时间及释放量有所差异。轻度机械损伤后，除α-蒎烯大部分化合物的相对百分含量较对照有所上升，而重度机械损伤后，β-月桂烯释放量降低，其他单萜的释放量高于对照。
采用触角电位(EAG)技术分析了油松毛虫雌蛾对(-)-α-蒎烯、(+)-α-蒎烯、(-)-β-蒎烯、(+)-β-蒎烯、(-)-柠檬烯、(+)-柠檬烯、α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯和柠檬烯的触角电位反应。剂量反应测试结果表明，油松毛虫雌蛾对(-)-α-蒎烯的饱和剂量是1600μl，对(+)-α-蒎烯、(-)-β-蒎烯、(+)-β-蒎烯的饱和剂量是800μ1，而(-)-柠檬烯和(+)-柠檬烯的饱和剂量则是50μl。
油松毛虫雌蛾对3对手性化合物及其消旋体的反应表明，油松毛虫可能用同一个受体细胞来接受(-)-α-蒎烯与(+)-α-蒎烯，β-蒎烯的试验结果与α-蒎烯相似，其对映异构体可能同样被同一个受体细胞来接受。
从油松毛虫雌蛾对寄主植物和非寄主植物的试验结果可以看出，油松挥发性化合物引起的油松毛虫雌蛾的触角电位值显著高于非寄主植物挥发物引起的触角电位值。
In this paper, volatile organic compounds from Pinus tabulaeformis were collected using dynamic headspace collection methods and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The forty compounds of healthy needles of needles of Pinus tabulaeformis were identified. The results indicated that terpenes and oxygenated volatile organic compounds were the dominant volatiles release from P. tabulaeformis. The relative amounts of monopene in the volatiles of the needles of Pinus tabulaeformis are 52.64%, and relative amounts of the oxygen containing compounds in the volatiles are 35.13%.
The emission of major volatile organic compounds followed a diurnal cycle with release rates increased during the light period and decreased during the dark period. This inosculates with the pest activity disciplinarian of the natural enemy activity and shows the coordination evolution between the plant the phytophagy insect and the natural enemy.
The result of volatile organic compounds from P. tabulaeformis indicated that different degrees damage considerably influenced the changes of induced volatile products from leaves. The relative percentages of most volatiles were higher than the healthy control Pinus besidesα- pinene in slightly artificially-damaged leaves; on the other hand, in serious artificially-damaged leaves, the relative percentage ofβ-myrcene was lower than the control, and others were higher than the healthy trees. In damaged P. massioniana, the induced-volatile organic compounds' changes only occurred on the variation of relative contents no new induced compounds were found so far.
Electroantennograms were recorded from female Dendrolimus punctafus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu to serial stimulus doses(50μl, 100μl, 400μl, 800μl, 1600μl、3200μl)offour monoterpene hydrocarbons ((+) -α-pinene、(-) -α- pinene、(-) -β- pinene、(+) -β- pinene) and the threshold were tested. Dose-response curves constructed from EAGsrevealed that the threshold of(-)-α- pinene was 1 600μl and the threshold of the other three chemicals were 800μl. The relative size of the electroantennogram response was higher for (+) -α-pinene compared to (-) -α-pinene ,indicating that greater affinity to receptor molecules for (+) -α-pinene at the level of the dendrites; On the contrary, response of the insects to the (-) form of theβ-pinene was higher than that to the (+) form, showing (+) -β- pinene does not bind as efficiently with the receptor molecules in many of the sensilla. Electroantennogram recording using mixtures of the enantiomers at saturating dose levels showed that the response to the mixture ofα- pinene was between the two forms ofα- pinene .It is showed that the two forms ofα-pinene were detected by the same receptor neurons, and the same to theβ- pinene. Discrimination between enantiomers by plant olfactory receptor neurons in the insects suggested that the enantiomeric ratios of volatile compounds may be important in host location by the D. punetafus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu.
The results of female D. punetafus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu to the volatiles from the host plant and the non-host plant indicate that the response of the insects to the volatiles of P. tabulaeformis is higher than the response to the non-host plant volatiles.
引文
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