软岩隧道快速施工影响因素研究
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摘要
随着国内铁路隧道的不断修建,设计标准的日渐提高,越来越多的铁路隧道线路将穿越软岩地形,而软岩隧道如何快速施工问题成为国内学者亟待解决的一项问题。本文结合课题《软岩及复杂地质隧道快速施工关键技术》对于软岩隧道快速施工影响因素进行了初步研究,主要研究内容成果如下：
(1)通过大量工程调研及数据分析,探讨总结了软岩隧道快速施工中影响效率的各个因素且提出改进建议,并分析各开挖工法后提出了切合实际的开挖施工工法。
(2)通过3D数值模拟论证了预加固技术的加固效果,并结合实际工程模拟了二台阶预留核心土法的全过程,论证了其可行性。
(3)对V、VI级围岩下预加固进行时效分析,得出V、VI级围岩月进尺数的估计值80.4m与64.6m。
(4)对了V、VI级围岩下循环进尺距离进行时效分析,得出V、VI级围岩下单次循环最佳距离1.6m和1,2m。
With the constantly increasing of railway tunnels and design standard, more and more railway tunnel line across through soft rock terrain. It already becomes a problem urgently to be solved for scholars that the tunnel rapidly constructs in soft rock. Combining with the task—"key technology of tunnel rapidly construction in soft rock and complex geology", this paper does a preliminary study of tunnel rapid construction influencing factors in soft rock. The works carried out in this paper are as follows:
(1) Based on large amount of engineering research and data analysis, the factors are summarized and the improvement suggestions are proposed. And more the practical excavation construction methods are put forward after analysis each method of excavation.
(2) Based on numerical simulation, the pre-reinforcement technology and two steps with reserving core soil excavation method combined with engineering are demonstrated.
(3) Through analysis the time-efficiency of pre-reinforcement technology in the rock ranked V and VI, it are acquired that the estimate of average tunneling distance in the rock ranked V and VI per month—80.4m and64.6m.
(4) Through analysis the time-efficiency of circulating tunneling distance in the rock ranked V and VI, it are acquired that the most appropriate value of tunneling distance at one circulating in the rock ranked V and VI—1.6m and1.2m.
(1)通过大量工程调研及数据分析,探讨总结了软岩隧道快速施工中影响效率的各个因素且提出改进建议,并分析各开挖工法后提出了切合实际的开挖施工工法。
(2)通过3D数值模拟论证了预加固技术的加固效果,并结合实际工程模拟了二台阶预留核心土法的全过程,论证了其可行性。
(3)对V、VI级围岩下预加固进行时效分析,得出V、VI级围岩月进尺数的估计值80.4m与64.6m。
(4)对了V、VI级围岩下循环进尺距离进行时效分析,得出V、VI级围岩下单次循环最佳距离1.6m和1,2m。
With the constantly increasing of railway tunnels and design standard, more and more railway tunnel line across through soft rock terrain. It already becomes a problem urgently to be solved for scholars that the tunnel rapidly constructs in soft rock. Combining with the task—"key technology of tunnel rapidly construction in soft rock and complex geology", this paper does a preliminary study of tunnel rapid construction influencing factors in soft rock. The works carried out in this paper are as follows:
(1) Based on large amount of engineering research and data analysis, the factors are summarized and the improvement suggestions are proposed. And more the practical excavation construction methods are put forward after analysis each method of excavation.
(2) Based on numerical simulation, the pre-reinforcement technology and two steps with reserving core soil excavation method combined with engineering are demonstrated.
(3) Through analysis the time-efficiency of pre-reinforcement technology in the rock ranked V and VI, it are acquired that the estimate of average tunneling distance in the rock ranked V and VI per month—80.4m and64.6m.
(4) Through analysis the time-efficiency of circulating tunneling distance in the rock ranked V and VI, it are acquired that the most appropriate value of tunneling distance at one circulating in the rock ranked V and VI—1.6m and1.2m.
引文
[1]王梦恕.隧道与地下工程技术及其发展[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2004
[2]Muller L, Fecker.新奥法的基本思想和主要原则[J].地下工程,1980,5：26-32
[31朱维中、何满潮著.复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学[M].北京：科学出版社,1996
[4]Hohenbichler M, Rackwitz R, Senstivities and importance measures in structural reliability[J]. Civil Eng. System, 1986, (3): 203-209
[5]Hoffman O, Sachs G, Introduction to the Theory of Plasticity for Engineering[J]. McGraw-Hill,1953,80-88
[6]Grigore Burdea, Philippe Coiffet, Virtual reality technology[M]. New York: John Wiley&sons, 1994
[7]新奥法设计与施工的问题及其对策的22条原理[M].隧道译丛,1980
[8]J. Golser.新奥法的新发展[J].地下工程,1981,73-78
[9]关宝树.隧道力学概论[M]成都：西南交通大学出版社,1993.
[10]肖翔.吊沟岭隧道软岩施工方法研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[11]关宝树,赵勇.软弱围岩隧道施工技术[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2011.
[12]刘其福,刘宏.软岩矿井开拓巷道支护研究[J].山西建筑,2009,35(32)：115-116.
[13]崔国强,贾相荣,张忠祥.矿井深部软岩大断面硐室二次支护技术的研究与应用[J].煤矿现代化,2008,4：18-20.
[14]温福跃.矿井建设中软岩巷道掘进施工技术[J].民营科技,2010,4：280-281.
[15]关宝树,杨其新.地下工程概论[M].西南交通大!学出版社,2001.
[16]关宝树,国兆林.隧道及地下工程[M].西南交通大学出版社,2000.
[17]蒋树屏.我国公路隧道建设技术的现状及展望[J].交通世界专题专访,2002
[18]王梦恕.世人瞩目的中国隧道及地下工程[M].隧道建设,2008
[19]王梦恕.日新月异的中国隧道及地下工程[M].隧道建设,2008
[20]苏在林.富水软弱围岩特长隧道快速施工技术研究[D].上海交通大学硕十学位论文,2005.
[21]王建宇.隧道工程的技术进步[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2004.
[22]Gao J.R., Luo J.C., Tu W.X..Researches on the key technology and equipment for rapid construction of long tunnels with large section. Engineering Sciences.2010.8(1).40-43
[23]Prof. Dr. techn. L.v.RABCEWICZ. The New Austrian Tunneling Method[J]. WATER POWER, December, 1964, 511-515.
[24]P.Gattinoni,M.Papini,L.Scesi. Geologic risk in under-ground works[C]. Progress in Tunnelling after 2000:Pro-ceedings of the AITES-ITA2001 World Tunnel Congress. Mi-lan-Italy. Bologna: PATRONEDITORE,10th-13th 2001,Volume I, Volume I:309-318.
[25]P.Lunardi. The ADECO-RS Approach in the design andconstruction of the Rome to Naples high speed railway line:a comparison between final design specifications,construc-tion design andas-built[C]. Progress in Tunnellingafter 2000:Proceedings of the AITES-ITA2001 World Tun-nel Congress. Milan-Italy. Bologna: PATRON EDITORE,10th-13th June 2001,VolumeIII, Volume III: 329-340.
[26]Tomimatsu.Y., Ueda.T, Mitsueda.T. Rapid construction by tunnel container system. Czechoslovak Tunnelling Committee. 1985.199-205
[27]Okawa.Y.,Maruyama.F.,Hamasaki.T.. Rapid construction of underground railway station. Czechoslovak Tunnelling Committee. 1985.484-489
[28]Busmann.P.R., Roqers.D.J.. Rapid construction of the Syar Tunnel Central Utah Projest.Proceedings-Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference. 1991.507-526.
[29]张金柱,高连成.大断面隧道钻爆法快速施工技术[J],西部探矿工程,2003,15(7),96—99
[30]苏兴.浅埋大跨度双线铁路隧道施工技术及变形控制技术研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[31]匡小慧.葡萄山特长公路隧道(酉阳段)快速施工技术研究[D].西南交通大学硕十学位论文,2009.
[32]苏在林.雁门关隧道设计及施工技术要点综述[J].铁道建筑技术,2003,(5)：40-43
[33]李开.雁门关隧道钻爆法快速施工技术探讨[J].山西交通科技,2002,(6)：37-41
[34]张金夫.东秦岭隧道快速施工技术[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2007.[35]孔恒.城市地铁隧道浅埋暗挖法地层预加固机理及其应用研究[D].北京交通大学博士学
位论文,2003.
[36]王国弼,罗鑫.水平旋喷加固技术现状及问题的研究[J].建筑施工,2009,31(6),435-437
[37]肖广智,魏祥龙.意大利岩士控制变形(ADECO-RS)工法简介[J].现代隧道技术,2007,(03).
[38]李玉平.新意法在黄土隧道工程中的应用[J].山西建筑,2010,(11).
[39]关宝树.隧道工程施工要点集[M].人民交通出版社,2003
[40]张项立·王梦恕,高军等.复杂围岩条件下大跨隧道修建技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2003.22.(2).290-296
[41]刘春.深埋大断面隧道施工力学性态研究[D].重庆大学博士学位论文,2007.
[42]王伟锋,毕俊丽.软岩浅埋隧道施工工法比选[J].岩士力学,2007,(S1).
[43]赵明阶·徐容,许锡宾.岩溶区全断面开挖隧道围岩变形特性模拟[J].同济大学学报.2004.32.(6).710-715
[44]易立.大跨隧道施工方法选择的敏感性分析[D].重庆大学硕十学位论文,2007.
[45]李术才,王渭明.大型洞室群不同开挖顺序围岩稳定效果分析[J].山东矿业学院学报.1997.16.(2).128—132
[46]曹志远,邹贵平.施工力学分析的时变力学基础现代力学与科技进步[M],北京：清华大学出版社,1997：320.
[47]张忠苗.工程地质学[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[48]杨正保.隧洞掘进超前支护技术研究[D].武汉大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[49]贾新,玻璃纤维增强塑料锚杆锚固机理研究[D].同济大学硕十学位论文,2005.
[50]吴洪波.金洞隧道快速施工技术研究[D].天津大学,2004
[51]沈卫甲.浅埋黄上隧道施T方法及支护受力研究[J].西部探矿工程,2001年第2期：76-77.
[53]刘娟,王海江.水平旋喷桩在酸剌沟隧道拱顶支护中的应用[J],山西建筑,2009,35(28),318-319
[54]孔恒,彭峰.分段前进式超前深孔注浆地层预加固技术《市政技术》2008年第6期
[55]梁炯望等.锚固与注浆技术手册.中国电力出版社.1999
[56]张江全.水平旋喷施工工法技术分析[J].硅谷,2008,(23)：94-95
[57]白聚敏.软流塑地层暗挖隧道的水平旋喷注浆[J].隧道建设.2008,28(4)：489-500
[58]旷文涛.超前预加固大断面隧道围岩稳定性影响因素研究[D].西南交通大学学位论文,2010.
[59]高新强,仇文革,关宝树.新建铁路隧道动态设计系统的构思[J].铁道标准设计,2004,(08).
[60]乔春生.岩石力学[M].北京交通大学内部讲义,2003.
[2]Muller L, Fecker.新奥法的基本思想和主要原则[J].地下工程,1980,5：26-32
[31朱维中、何满潮著.复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学[M].北京：科学出版社,1996
[4]Hohenbichler M, Rackwitz R, Senstivities and importance measures in structural reliability[J]. Civil Eng. System, 1986, (3): 203-209
[5]Hoffman O, Sachs G, Introduction to the Theory of Plasticity for Engineering[J]. McGraw-Hill,1953,80-88
[6]Grigore Burdea, Philippe Coiffet, Virtual reality technology[M]. New York: John Wiley&sons, 1994
[7]新奥法设计与施工的问题及其对策的22条原理[M].隧道译丛,1980
[8]J. Golser.新奥法的新发展[J].地下工程,1981,73-78
[9]关宝树.隧道力学概论[M]成都：西南交通大学出版社,1993.
[10]肖翔.吊沟岭隧道软岩施工方法研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[11]关宝树,赵勇.软弱围岩隧道施工技术[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2011.
[12]刘其福,刘宏.软岩矿井开拓巷道支护研究[J].山西建筑,2009,35(32)：115-116.
[13]崔国强,贾相荣,张忠祥.矿井深部软岩大断面硐室二次支护技术的研究与应用[J].煤矿现代化,2008,4：18-20.
[14]温福跃.矿井建设中软岩巷道掘进施工技术[J].民营科技,2010,4：280-281.
[15]关宝树,杨其新.地下工程概论[M].西南交通大!学出版社,2001.
[16]关宝树,国兆林.隧道及地下工程[M].西南交通大学出版社,2000.
[17]蒋树屏.我国公路隧道建设技术的现状及展望[J].交通世界专题专访,2002
[18]王梦恕.世人瞩目的中国隧道及地下工程[M].隧道建设,2008
[19]王梦恕.日新月异的中国隧道及地下工程[M].隧道建设,2008
[20]苏在林.富水软弱围岩特长隧道快速施工技术研究[D].上海交通大学硕十学位论文,2005.
[21]王建宇.隧道工程的技术进步[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2004.
[22]Gao J.R., Luo J.C., Tu W.X..Researches on the key technology and equipment for rapid construction of long tunnels with large section. Engineering Sciences.2010.8(1).40-43
[23]Prof. Dr. techn. L.v.RABCEWICZ. The New Austrian Tunneling Method[J]. WATER POWER, December, 1964, 511-515.
[24]P.Gattinoni,M.Papini,L.Scesi. Geologic risk in under-ground works[C]. Progress in Tunnelling after 2000:Pro-ceedings of the AITES-ITA2001 World Tunnel Congress. Mi-lan-Italy. Bologna: PATRONEDITORE,10th-13th 2001,Volume I, Volume I:309-318.
[25]P.Lunardi. The ADECO-RS Approach in the design andconstruction of the Rome to Naples high speed railway line:a comparison between final design specifications,construc-tion design andas-built[C]. Progress in Tunnellingafter 2000:Proceedings of the AITES-ITA2001 World Tun-nel Congress. Milan-Italy. Bologna: PATRON EDITORE,10th-13th June 2001,VolumeIII, Volume III: 329-340.
[26]Tomimatsu.Y., Ueda.T, Mitsueda.T. Rapid construction by tunnel container system. Czechoslovak Tunnelling Committee. 1985.199-205
[27]Okawa.Y.,Maruyama.F.,Hamasaki.T.. Rapid construction of underground railway station. Czechoslovak Tunnelling Committee. 1985.484-489
[28]Busmann.P.R., Roqers.D.J.. Rapid construction of the Syar Tunnel Central Utah Projest.Proceedings-Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference. 1991.507-526.
[29]张金柱,高连成.大断面隧道钻爆法快速施工技术[J],西部探矿工程,2003,15(7),96—99
[30]苏兴.浅埋大跨度双线铁路隧道施工技术及变形控制技术研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[31]匡小慧.葡萄山特长公路隧道(酉阳段)快速施工技术研究[D].西南交通大学硕十学位论文,2009.
[32]苏在林.雁门关隧道设计及施工技术要点综述[J].铁道建筑技术,2003,(5)：40-43
[33]李开.雁门关隧道钻爆法快速施工技术探讨[J].山西交通科技,2002,(6)：37-41
[34]张金夫.东秦岭隧道快速施工技术[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2007.[35]孔恒.城市地铁隧道浅埋暗挖法地层预加固机理及其应用研究[D].北京交通大学博士学
位论文,2003.
[36]王国弼,罗鑫.水平旋喷加固技术现状及问题的研究[J].建筑施工,2009,31(6),435-437
[37]肖广智,魏祥龙.意大利岩士控制变形(ADECO-RS)工法简介[J].现代隧道技术,2007,(03).
[38]李玉平.新意法在黄土隧道工程中的应用[J].山西建筑,2010,(11).
[39]关宝树.隧道工程施工要点集[M].人民交通出版社,2003
[40]张项立·王梦恕,高军等.复杂围岩条件下大跨隧道修建技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2003.22.(2).290-296
[41]刘春.深埋大断面隧道施工力学性态研究[D].重庆大学博士学位论文,2007.
[42]王伟锋,毕俊丽.软岩浅埋隧道施工工法比选[J].岩士力学,2007,(S1).
[43]赵明阶·徐容,许锡宾.岩溶区全断面开挖隧道围岩变形特性模拟[J].同济大学学报.2004.32.(6).710-715
[44]易立.大跨隧道施工方法选择的敏感性分析[D].重庆大学硕十学位论文,2007.
[45]李术才,王渭明.大型洞室群不同开挖顺序围岩稳定效果分析[J].山东矿业学院学报.1997.16.(2).128—132
[46]曹志远,邹贵平.施工力学分析的时变力学基础现代力学与科技进步[M],北京：清华大学出版社,1997：320.
[47]张忠苗.工程地质学[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[48]杨正保.隧洞掘进超前支护技术研究[D].武汉大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[49]贾新,玻璃纤维增强塑料锚杆锚固机理研究[D].同济大学硕十学位论文,2005.
[50]吴洪波.金洞隧道快速施工技术研究[D].天津大学,2004
[51]沈卫甲.浅埋黄上隧道施T方法及支护受力研究[J].西部探矿工程,2001年第2期：76-77.
[53]刘娟,王海江.水平旋喷桩在酸剌沟隧道拱顶支护中的应用[J],山西建筑,2009,35(28),318-319
[54]孔恒,彭峰.分段前进式超前深孔注浆地层预加固技术《市政技术》2008年第6期
[55]梁炯望等.锚固与注浆技术手册.中国电力出版社.1999
[56]张江全.水平旋喷施工工法技术分析[J].硅谷,2008,(23)：94-95
[57]白聚敏.软流塑地层暗挖隧道的水平旋喷注浆[J].隧道建设.2008,28(4)：489-500
[58]旷文涛.超前预加固大断面隧道围岩稳定性影响因素研究[D].西南交通大学学位论文,2010.
[59]高新强,仇文革,关宝树.新建铁路隧道动态设计系统的构思[J].铁道标准设计,2004,(08).
[60]乔春生.岩石力学[M].北京交通大学内部讲义,2003.