作物富硒技术的研究及应用
摘要
以源自高硒区的硒矿粉、富硒复混肥和Na_2SeO_3为硒源对小麦、油菜、红薯、芝麻、韭菜等十一种作物在荆州进行了异地富硒栽培试验和提高硒矿粉利用率的试验,得出如下结论:
1.应用硒矿粉、富硒复混肥和Na_2SeO_3作为硒源均能提高试验作物的硒含量水平,以土壤施入和叶面喷施的方式均能升高作物的含硒量,可以作为富硒栽培的一个重要措施。
2.作物对硒矿粉中硒的吸收以硒含量高的优于硒含量低的,但其吸收量的高低与硒矿粉中硒含量并未呈直线相关,这说明硒矿粉中的总量硒与其作物吸收量无显著的直线相关关系。
3.作物对硒矿粉和富硒复混肥中硒总量浓度的忍受力较高,而对Na_2SeO_3的浓度忍受较低,含硒量1494μg/g的硒矿粉和550μg/g的富硒复混肥均未使试验作物受害;不同作物对Na_2SeO_能忍耐的最高浓度不同:芝麻低于200μg/g,红薯低于400μg/g,韭菜则到了800μg/g还未出现受害症状,当Na_2SeO_3超过某一浓度时,均会表出现受害症状。
4.作物对富硒复混肥的吸收量与其含硒量呈二次函数关系。不同作物及品种的函数拐点值不同:芝麻在450μg/g～550μg/g之间,红薯和韭菜均大于550μg/g,这与其作物种类、形态及代谢机理有关。
5.不同作物种类对硒的富集水平不同,在试验的范围内,大豆的富硒量最高,可达5.88μg/g,其次是山药,小麦、绿豆、油菜、韭菜、红薯、芝麻都有一定的效果。
6.同一作物不同品种对硒的富集量不同,源自高硒区大豆品种的富硒量比对照种高19.14倍,鄂恩4号小麦的富硒量比998042品系高44%～270%,中油杂2号油菜比中双9号高出15.28%,这与其品种的遗传背景密切相关。在这一前提下,可以进行以富硒能力为目标之一的品种选育工作,以遗传的角度提高富硒能力。
7.应用升高硒矿粉PH值的方法能够有效地提高其水溶性硒的含量。在PH7～PH9的范围内,每升高一个PH值,溶液中的水溶性硒含量增加0.0949mg/l(r=0.9471)。
8.降低硒矿粉颗粒直径也能比较有效的提高其水溶性硒的含量。在试验的范围内,降低硒矿粉的颗粒直径也可以提高其水溶性硒含量(r=-0.8218)。
The experiments on 11 crops cultivation, including wheat, rapes, sweet potato sesames, leeks and so on, were carried out in Jingzhou as selenium resources from selenium mineral powders, complex fertilization of containing abundant selenium and Na2SeO3 in high selenium area. The conclusions are following:1. Applying selenium material powders, complex fertilization of containing abundant selenium and Na2SeO3 as selenium resources can improve the selenium content of experimental crops. The ways of soil fertilization and foliar fertilization can improve the selenium content of experimental crops, which are important measures of abundant selenium cultivation.2. Crops absorb more selenium of selenium mineral powders that contain more selenium than that ones that contain less selenium , But the selenium absorption amount has not a straight line relationship with the selenium content of selenium mineral powders, Which illustrates that the total selenium content of selenium mineral powders has not a straight line relationship with crops absorption amount.3. Crops can tolerate higher total selenium concentration of selenium mineral powders and complex fertilization containing abundant selenium, but lower selenium concentration of Na2SeO3.Both the selenium mineral powders containing 1494 μg/g and the complex fertilization of abundant selenium content containing 550 μg/g are harmless to experimental crops. Different crops abilities are different to tolerate the highest selenium concentration of Na2SeO3.the highest selenium concentration of sesames is less than 200 Pμ/g, that of sweet potato is less than 400 μg/g, and that of leeks is up to 800 μg/g.4. The crops' absorbing selenium amount has a quadratic function relationship with the selenium content of complex fertilization containing abundant selenium, different crops and varieties have different functional inflexion value : that of sesame is between 450 μg/g and 550 μg/g, that of sweet potato and that of leeks is 550 μg/g, which are relative to crop variety, shape and metabolism.5. Different crops have different accumulating selenium levels, the soybean accumulation level is the highest, which is up to 5.88 μg/g wheat ,green beans, rapes, leeks, sweet potato and sesames have some effects.6. different varieties of a crop have different accumulating selenium levels .The accumulating selenium amount of soybean variety from high selenium area is 19.14 times much that of comparative variety, That of E'en 4 wheat is 44%-270% higher than 998042 wheat variety, and That of Zhongyou za 2 rapes is 15.28% higher than Zhongshuan 9,which is relative to heredity background, in this premise, we can do some breed work on improve crops accumulating selenium ability from heredity viewpoint.7. It is an effective way to improve solvable selenium content by increasing PH of selenium mineral powders, solvable selenium content will add 0.0949mg/I when a PH unit is added between PH7 and PH9(r=0.9477**).8. It is an effective way to improve solvable selenium content by decreasing the diameter of selenium mineral powders, in our experiments, decreasing the diameter of selenium mineral powder can improve solvable selenium content.
1.应用硒矿粉、富硒复混肥和Na_2SeO_3作为硒源均能提高试验作物的硒含量水平,以土壤施入和叶面喷施的方式均能升高作物的含硒量,可以作为富硒栽培的一个重要措施。
2.作物对硒矿粉中硒的吸收以硒含量高的优于硒含量低的,但其吸收量的高低与硒矿粉中硒含量并未呈直线相关,这说明硒矿粉中的总量硒与其作物吸收量无显著的直线相关关系。
3.作物对硒矿粉和富硒复混肥中硒总量浓度的忍受力较高,而对Na_2SeO_3的浓度忍受较低,含硒量1494μg/g的硒矿粉和550μg/g的富硒复混肥均未使试验作物受害;不同作物对Na_2SeO_能忍耐的最高浓度不同:芝麻低于200μg/g,红薯低于400μg/g,韭菜则到了800μg/g还未出现受害症状,当Na_2SeO_3超过某一浓度时,均会表出现受害症状。
4.作物对富硒复混肥的吸收量与其含硒量呈二次函数关系。不同作物及品种的函数拐点值不同:芝麻在450μg/g～550μg/g之间,红薯和韭菜均大于550μg/g,这与其作物种类、形态及代谢机理有关。
5.不同作物种类对硒的富集水平不同,在试验的范围内,大豆的富硒量最高,可达5.88μg/g,其次是山药,小麦、绿豆、油菜、韭菜、红薯、芝麻都有一定的效果。
6.同一作物不同品种对硒的富集量不同,源自高硒区大豆品种的富硒量比对照种高19.14倍,鄂恩4号小麦的富硒量比998042品系高44%～270%,中油杂2号油菜比中双9号高出15.28%,这与其品种的遗传背景密切相关。在这一前提下,可以进行以富硒能力为目标之一的品种选育工作,以遗传的角度提高富硒能力。
7.应用升高硒矿粉PH值的方法能够有效地提高其水溶性硒的含量。在PH7～PH9的范围内,每升高一个PH值,溶液中的水溶性硒含量增加0.0949mg/l(r=0.9471)。
8.降低硒矿粉颗粒直径也能比较有效的提高其水溶性硒的含量。在试验的范围内,降低硒矿粉的颗粒直径也可以提高其水溶性硒含量(r=-0.8218)。
The experiments on 11 crops cultivation, including wheat, rapes, sweet potato sesames, leeks and so on, were carried out in Jingzhou as selenium resources from selenium mineral powders, complex fertilization of containing abundant selenium and Na2SeO3 in high selenium area. The conclusions are following:1. Applying selenium material powders, complex fertilization of containing abundant selenium and Na2SeO3 as selenium resources can improve the selenium content of experimental crops. The ways of soil fertilization and foliar fertilization can improve the selenium content of experimental crops, which are important measures of abundant selenium cultivation.2. Crops absorb more selenium of selenium mineral powders that contain more selenium than that ones that contain less selenium , But the selenium absorption amount has not a straight line relationship with the selenium content of selenium mineral powders, Which illustrates that the total selenium content of selenium mineral powders has not a straight line relationship with crops absorption amount.3. Crops can tolerate higher total selenium concentration of selenium mineral powders and complex fertilization containing abundant selenium, but lower selenium concentration of Na2SeO3.Both the selenium mineral powders containing 1494 μg/g and the complex fertilization of abundant selenium content containing 550 μg/g are harmless to experimental crops. Different crops abilities are different to tolerate the highest selenium concentration of Na2SeO3.the highest selenium concentration of sesames is less than 200 Pμ/g, that of sweet potato is less than 400 μg/g, and that of leeks is up to 800 μg/g.4. The crops' absorbing selenium amount has a quadratic function relationship with the selenium content of complex fertilization containing abundant selenium, different crops and varieties have different functional inflexion value : that of sesame is between 450 μg/g and 550 μg/g, that of sweet potato and that of leeks is 550 μg/g, which are relative to crop variety, shape and metabolism.5. Different crops have different accumulating selenium levels, the soybean accumulation level is the highest, which is up to 5.88 μg/g wheat ,green beans, rapes, leeks, sweet potato and sesames have some effects.6. different varieties of a crop have different accumulating selenium levels .The accumulating selenium amount of soybean variety from high selenium area is 19.14 times much that of comparative variety, That of E'en 4 wheat is 44%-270% higher than 998042 wheat variety, and That of Zhongyou za 2 rapes is 15.28% higher than Zhongshuan 9,which is relative to heredity background, in this premise, we can do some breed work on improve crops accumulating selenium ability from heredity viewpoint.7. It is an effective way to improve solvable selenium content by increasing PH of selenium mineral powders, solvable selenium content will add 0.0949mg/I when a PH unit is added between PH7 and PH9(r=0.9477**).8. It is an effective way to improve solvable selenium content by decreasing the diameter of selenium mineral powders, in our experiments, decreasing the diameter of selenium mineral powder can improve solvable selenium content.
引文
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[2] 苏晓云.中国硒资源及其开发利用[M].北京:中国气象出版社.1998.3～213.
[3] 徐辉碧.黄开勋.硒的化学、生物化学及其在生命科学中的应用[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1994.152～167.
[4] 林年丰.医学环境地球化学[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社.1994.202～214.
[5] 毛大钧.鄂西自治州硒中毒流行病学调查分析[J].中国地方病学杂志,1990 (5):311～313.
[6] 梅紫青.我国发现的两个高硒区[J].中国地方病学杂志,1995 (4):379～382.
[7] 扬光圻.膳食硒需要量和安全摄入量范围研究结果述要[J].营养学报.1992 (3):318～320.
[8] 薛泰麟.侯少范,谭建安,等.硒在高等植物内的抗氧化作用:Ⅰ.硒对过氧化作用的抑制效成及酶促机制的探讨[J].科学通报,1993,(3):274～358.
[9] 周文美.硒对水稻生长、根系活性及籽粒性状的影响[J].贵州农业科学,1990,(5):29～32.
[10] 胡秋辉,扬方美,潘根兴.等.喷施硒对大豆品质和大豆食品硒水平的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2001 (3):42～45.
[11] 袁光咏.土壤硒对油菜含硒量、生长和产量的影响[J].中国油料,1992,(1):39～41.
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[13] 肖时运,刘如清,谭周嵫,等.硒在水稻上的应用研究[J].湖南省部分水稻土硒含量及硒对水稻产量的影响[J].湖南农业科学,1996 (2):25～26.
[14] 田奇,姜长兴.硒及其化合物在养禽业中的应用[J].中国家禽.1991,(6):25～27.
[15] 郭年藩摘译.硒在畜禽营养中的作用[J].国外畜牧科技,1988,(6):24～26.
[16] 刘家军、冯彩霞、郑明华.硒矿资源研究现状[J].世界科技研究与发展,2001,(5):16～20.
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[18] 黎敦朋.紫阳地区微量元素特征及富硒作物开发建议[J].陕西地质,1999.(1):67～73.
[19] 张友安.恩施州富硒资源的分布及其开发利用[J].资源开发与市场,1994,(10):161～162.
[20] 叶新福,蒋家焕.微量元素硒与富硒特种稻[J].福建稻麦科技,2000,(2):34～37.
[21] 刘宪虎,许明子,李范珠等.黑稻的新品种选育及其特性研究(一)[J].延边农学院学报 1994,16 (1):6～9.
[22] 王雅芳.富硒黑大麦的培育与应用[J].中国种业,2001,(6):21.
[23] 仲维功,陈志德,扬杰等.中国的特种稻米[J].南京农专学报,1999,15 (3):30～35.
[24] 孙树侠、向国胜、丁大中.等.普阳农场生产富硒系列农产品技术[J].农业科技通讯,1995,(9):25～26
[25] 刘湘元、张宏态、王建立,等.荞麦富硒试验研究及其开发前景[J].资源科学,1998 (6):61～62
[26] 刘祥林,印莉萍,洪剑明.等.富硒草莓栽培技术[J].中国农垦,1996.(12):34.
[27] 金益、都昌杰、张含生.富硒大豆栽培技术研究[J].大豆通报,1998,(4):10
[28] 杨志孝,刘桂秋,宋文刚,等.富硒苹果中硒等微量元素的含量测定[J].微量元素与健康研究.1993,10 (1):44～45.
[29] 毛大钧.低硒土壤增施富硒石煤的实验研究[J].环境科学,1993.(3):62～63.
[30] 王秋芳,张淼涛.巩普洲,等.富硒鸡蛋的研究与开发[J].西北农业学报,1994,(2):45～47.
[31] 余善鸣,邹连华,宁会滨,等.富硒鸭蛋的研究与开发[J].肉类研究,1997,(4):24～26.
[32] 刘金龙,郑小江.工厂化饲养富硒蛋白蜗牛研究初报[J].中草药,1996,(6):365～367.
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[2] 苏晓云.中国硒资源及其开发利用[M].北京:中国气象出版社.1998.3～213.
[3] 徐辉碧.黄开勋.硒的化学、生物化学及其在生命科学中的应用[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1994.152～167.
[4] 林年丰.医学环境地球化学[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社.1994.202～214.
[5] 毛大钧.鄂西自治州硒中毒流行病学调查分析[J].中国地方病学杂志,1990 (5):311～313.
[6] 梅紫青.我国发现的两个高硒区[J].中国地方病学杂志,1995 (4):379～382.
[7] 扬光圻.膳食硒需要量和安全摄入量范围研究结果述要[J].营养学报.1992 (3):318～320.
[8] 薛泰麟.侯少范,谭建安,等.硒在高等植物内的抗氧化作用:Ⅰ.硒对过氧化作用的抑制效成及酶促机制的探讨[J].科学通报,1993,(3):274～358.
[9] 周文美.硒对水稻生长、根系活性及籽粒性状的影响[J].贵州农业科学,1990,(5):29～32.
[10] 胡秋辉,扬方美,潘根兴.等.喷施硒对大豆品质和大豆食品硒水平的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2001 (3):42～45.
[11] 袁光咏.土壤硒对油菜含硒量、生长和产量的影响[J].中国油料,1992,(1):39～41.
[12] 许春霞,李向民,肖永绥.土施硒肥与茶叶含硒量和产量关系[J].西北农业学报.1996,(1):71～75.
[13] 肖时运,刘如清,谭周嵫,等.硒在水稻上的应用研究[J].湖南省部分水稻土硒含量及硒对水稻产量的影响[J].湖南农业科学,1996 (2):25～26.
[14] 田奇,姜长兴.硒及其化合物在养禽业中的应用[J].中国家禽.1991,(6):25～27.
[15] 郭年藩摘译.硒在畜禽营养中的作用[J].国外畜牧科技,1988,(6):24～26.
[16] 刘家军、冯彩霞、郑明华.硒矿资源研究现状[J].世界科技研究与发展,2001,(5):16～20.
[17] 梁友彬,朱文凤,王宗学.我国黑色岩系中硒矿资源及其前景分析[J].矿山与地质.1994,8(4):266～272.
[18] 黎敦朋.紫阳地区微量元素特征及富硒作物开发建议[J].陕西地质,1999.(1):67～73.
[19] 张友安.恩施州富硒资源的分布及其开发利用[J].资源开发与市场,1994,(10):161～162.
[20] 叶新福,蒋家焕.微量元素硒与富硒特种稻[J].福建稻麦科技,2000,(2):34～37.
[21] 刘宪虎,许明子,李范珠等.黑稻的新品种选育及其特性研究(一)[J].延边农学院学报 1994,16 (1):6～9.
[22] 王雅芳.富硒黑大麦的培育与应用[J].中国种业,2001,(6):21.
[23] 仲维功,陈志德,扬杰等.中国的特种稻米[J].南京农专学报,1999,15 (3):30～35.
[24] 孙树侠、向国胜、丁大中.等.普阳农场生产富硒系列农产品技术[J].农业科技通讯,1995,(9):25～26
[25] 刘湘元、张宏态、王建立,等.荞麦富硒试验研究及其开发前景[J].资源科学,1998 (6):61～62
[26] 刘祥林,印莉萍,洪剑明.等.富硒草莓栽培技术[J].中国农垦,1996.(12):34.
[27] 金益、都昌杰、张含生.富硒大豆栽培技术研究[J].大豆通报,1998,(4):10
[28] 杨志孝,刘桂秋,宋文刚,等.富硒苹果中硒等微量元素的含量测定[J].微量元素与健康研究.1993,10 (1):44～45.
[29] 毛大钧.低硒土壤增施富硒石煤的实验研究[J].环境科学,1993.(3):62～63.
[30] 王秋芳,张淼涛.巩普洲,等.富硒鸡蛋的研究与开发[J].西北农业学报,1994,(2):45～47.
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