基于电子白板的分布式协同决策支持系统研究
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摘要
随着计算机技术的发展、市场竞争的加剧和信息社会需求的发展,传统的决策支持系统已经不能适应目前决策的需求。越来越多的研究表明,决策支持系统不能够再局限于以单一化数据库提供信息、以简单的人员聚集为决策形式、以个人经验为决策判断的形式。从大量原始数据、历史决策信息中提取决策问题信息以及决策者之间的充分交流要求现有的决策支持系统有更多的改进和优化。这种需求既要求联机服务,又涉及大量的用于实现决策的数据。
本文对决策支持系统以及计算机支持的协同工作、决策算法的研究发展做了简要的介绍,在研究电子白板的基础上提出了一种新型的决策在支持系统—基于电子白板的分布式协同决策支持系统的概念,并构建了系统的模型。新的决策支持系统在传统决策支持系统的基础上结合其他决策支持系统的优点以及用户的需求和技术的发展而建立起来的新型决策支持系统。本文充分运用了决策支持系统可运用于各种计算机网络的分布式特点,结合计算机支持的协同工作中的协同特点,增强了基于电子白板的人机交互界面的设计,使用户在使用系统时更加方便、灵活。本文采用集中控制的方法对电子白板对象进行控制,以避免用户对白板对象操作的冲突,采用双令牌算法对用户语音发言进行控制,使用户的交流更加自然。在决策算法的应用中,采用两种算法相结合来实现群体决策的算法问题。基于方案的个体模糊偏好算法使决策者方便对方案的选择;基于问题属性值的不确定语言描述的算法使决策不局限于对方案整体的偏好。在文章中,建立了整个系统的体系结构,并对系统的各个模块和函数进行了详细的描述。
本文提出的基于电子白板的分布式协同决策支持系统结合了决策支持系统和群体决策支持系统的优点,充分利用了其分布式特征,使决策支持系统的前进能够适应网络技术的发展。
With computer technology development, market competition intensifies and the development of the information society needs, the traditional Decision Support Systems, which cannot adapt to the current decision-making needs. More and more research makes clear that decision support system couldn't localization with single database, simple person's collection and individual experience to decision. Collect decision information from a great deal of originality data, history information and plenty communion among the person demand that existing decision support system need more improvement and more optimize. This demand requires on-line services, and involves a large number of data to achieve decision-making.First, the article give a brief introduction of decision support systems and computer-supported cooperation work, decision-making algorithms research and development, and proffer a new type of concept — Distributed Cooperative Decision System Based on Whiteboard and built the system and the models. New decision support system in the traditional decision support systems based on the merits of other decision support systems and user require and technological developments and established new decision support system. The full use of decision support systems can be applied to a variety of computer network distributed features of the computer-supported collaborative work with the characteristics, and enhance the interface based on Whiteboard, so that users in the use of the system more convenient and flexible. This centralized control methods used to control and operation the object of whiteboard to avoid user conflicts, double-token algorithms used to control user voice to speak, so that users communion more naturally. In the decision-making algorithm applications, using a combination of two algorithms. Vague preferences algorithms based on individual schemes for policy makers to facilitate the selection of the scheme;Based on the uncertain value of attributes described in the
algorithm language of the scheme is not limited to the overall decision-making preferences. In the article, the establishment of the system's architecture and the various modules and systems function of a detailed description.The Distributed Cooperative Decision System Based on Whiteboard combined with the merits of decision support systems and advantages of group decision support system, making full use of its distributed features of the decision support system can be adapted to advance network technology development.
本文对决策支持系统以及计算机支持的协同工作、决策算法的研究发展做了简要的介绍,在研究电子白板的基础上提出了一种新型的决策在支持系统—基于电子白板的分布式协同决策支持系统的概念,并构建了系统的模型。新的决策支持系统在传统决策支持系统的基础上结合其他决策支持系统的优点以及用户的需求和技术的发展而建立起来的新型决策支持系统。本文充分运用了决策支持系统可运用于各种计算机网络的分布式特点,结合计算机支持的协同工作中的协同特点,增强了基于电子白板的人机交互界面的设计,使用户在使用系统时更加方便、灵活。本文采用集中控制的方法对电子白板对象进行控制,以避免用户对白板对象操作的冲突,采用双令牌算法对用户语音发言进行控制,使用户的交流更加自然。在决策算法的应用中,采用两种算法相结合来实现群体决策的算法问题。基于方案的个体模糊偏好算法使决策者方便对方案的选择;基于问题属性值的不确定语言描述的算法使决策不局限于对方案整体的偏好。在文章中,建立了整个系统的体系结构,并对系统的各个模块和函数进行了详细的描述。
本文提出的基于电子白板的分布式协同决策支持系统结合了决策支持系统和群体决策支持系统的优点,充分利用了其分布式特征,使决策支持系统的前进能够适应网络技术的发展。
With computer technology development, market competition intensifies and the development of the information society needs, the traditional Decision Support Systems, which cannot adapt to the current decision-making needs. More and more research makes clear that decision support system couldn't localization with single database, simple person's collection and individual experience to decision. Collect decision information from a great deal of originality data, history information and plenty communion among the person demand that existing decision support system need more improvement and more optimize. This demand requires on-line services, and involves a large number of data to achieve decision-making.First, the article give a brief introduction of decision support systems and computer-supported cooperation work, decision-making algorithms research and development, and proffer a new type of concept — Distributed Cooperative Decision System Based on Whiteboard and built the system and the models. New decision support system in the traditional decision support systems based on the merits of other decision support systems and user require and technological developments and established new decision support system. The full use of decision support systems can be applied to a variety of computer network distributed features of the computer-supported collaborative work with the characteristics, and enhance the interface based on Whiteboard, so that users in the use of the system more convenient and flexible. This centralized control methods used to control and operation the object of whiteboard to avoid user conflicts, double-token algorithms used to control user voice to speak, so that users communion more naturally. In the decision-making algorithm applications, using a combination of two algorithms. Vague preferences algorithms based on individual schemes for policy makers to facilitate the selection of the scheme;Based on the uncertain value of attributes described in the
algorithm language of the scheme is not limited to the overall decision-making preferences. In the article, the establishment of the system's architecture and the various modules and systems function of a detailed description.The Distributed Cooperative Decision System Based on Whiteboard combined with the merits of decision support systems and advantages of group decision support system, making full use of its distributed features of the decision support system can be adapted to advance network technology development.
引文
[1] 高洪深.决策支持系统(DSS)理论·方法·案例(第三版).北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[2] 杨善林.智能决策方法与智能决策支持系统.北京:科学出版社,2005.
[3] 陈文伟.决策支持系统教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[4] McManus JW. Design and analysis techniques for concurrent blackboard systems. IEEE transactions on systems man and cybernetics, 1996, 26(6): 669～680.
[5] Lars Erik Holmquist, Johan Sanneblad and Lalya Gaye, Total Recall. In-place Viewing of Captured Whiteboard Annotations.Future Applications Lab.2003(4).
[6] Li-wei He, Zicheng Liu, Zhengyou Zhang. Use the Whiteboard Capture System. Microsoft Research One Microsoft Way, 2001 (3).
[7] Jie Wu著.高传善等译.分布式系统设计.北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[8] Feng Lu, Carson Woo. Recos. A Reguest-Comnitment Support Model. The University of British Colubia.In, Decision Support System. Theory and Application, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 1987.
[9] Paul Gray Hugh J.Watson著.陈朔鹰等译.决策支持系统教程.北京:北京理工大学出版社.2001.
[10] Gerard Tel著.霍卫卫等译.分布式算法导论.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[11] 毛海军,唐焕文.智能决策支持系统(IDSS)研究进展.小型微型计算机系统,2003,24(5):874～879
[12] Kathy Spurr.Computer Support for Cooperative Work CSCW Introduction. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1994.
[13] SwansonEB. Distributed decision support systems. A perspective, In: Proc.23rd Annual Hawaii Int Confon System Sciences, 1990(3): 129-136.
[14] 李向阳,鲁东明.共享电子白板系统设计与实现.计算机工程与应用,1999(7):98～100.
[15] 方亮等.在虚拟教室中电子白板系统的实现.计算机与现代化,2000(1):56-60.
[16] 胡运发.数据与知识工程导论.北京:清华大学出版社,2003:204～240.
[17] FayyadU, Piatetsky shapiroG, SymthP. From data mining to knowledge discovery, Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. Melo Park AAAI/MIT Press, 1996: 1～36.
[18] 谢锦,陈松乔.基于智能决策支持的协同设计的研究.计算机应用研究,2004(6):76～78.
[19] 林杰斌,刘明德,陈湘编.数据挖掘与OLAP理论与实务.北京:清华大学出版社,2003:156～174.
[20] 石丽,李坚.数据仓库与决策支持.北京:国防工业出版社,2003
[21] 肖波,王兆青,诸鸿文.电子白板互操作的研究与设计.上海交通大学学报,1998(8).32(8):12～15.
[22] 李立明,蔡立军,胡锦,施荣华,李方军.Internet上的多媒体电子白板系统的设计.吉首大学学报(自然科学版),2002(6).23(2):7～11.
[23] 徐保民,赵怀林.白板工具的一致性算法.计算机工程与应用,2002(12):113～115.
[24] 袁稹,陈晓春,李建华.电子白板模块的设计和实现.计算机工程,2001(3).27(3):27～30.
[25] 李秀川,林旺.网络电子白板的设计与实现.中央民族大学学报(自然科学版),2000(1).9(1):75～79,
[26] 窦万峰.基于对象复制的系统绘图并发控制算法.小型微型计算机系统,2004(5).25(3):414～418,
[27] 周英飚,冯玉才,基于令牌的共享白板一致性算法,计算机工程与应用,62-63,81,2000.12
[28] 陈宁江,苏德福.基于Agent的电子白板系统模型.计算机工程,2000(11).26(11):33～34,57.
[29] 常智勇,莫荣,杨海成,赵杰.基于Agent的网络协同设计方法.计算机工程与设计,2005(1).26:15～17.
[30] 王梅蓉,增广平,涂序彦.多库协同中的AL-Agents研究.计算机应用,2004(7).24(6):78,79,82.
[31] 何刚,李柏林.协同设计中的图形共享技术研究.机械设计与研究,2004(4).20(2):45～47.
[32] 周树语,许小艳,刘然.基于GIS的分布式实时系统制图系统的研究.计算机工程与设计,2005(1).26(1):55～58.
[33] Dubois Dand Prade H. Fuzzy sets and System. New York: AcademicPress, 1990.
[34] 王俊,周敬利,余胜生.共享白板协同操作的设计.华中科技大学学报, 2001(4).29(4):18～21.
[35] 田锋,李仁厚,何波,张金成.多Agent的计算机支持协同设计异常处理模型分析.西安交通大学学报,2004(4).38(4):392～396.
[36] 董轩明,张华开,裴云彰,徐光佑.建立基于自然型实时语音讨论系统的双令牌方法.通信学报,1997(2):70～74.
[37] 徐泽水.不确定多属性决策方法及应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2004:18～27,161～195.
[38] Guus Schreiber等著.史忠植,梁永全,吴斌等译。知识工程和知识管理,机械工业出版社,2003:45.70
[39] 杨雷.群体决策理论与应用—群体决策中的个体偏好集结方法研究.北京: 经济科学出版社,2004.
[40] Laudon K C, Laudon J P. Management information systems, new approaches to organization and technology, 5thEd, Prentice Hal, 1998.
[41] 田凌,童秉枢.网络化产品协同设计的理论与实践.计算机工程与应用,2002(5):3～6.
[42] J.A Robinson.communications Services Architecture for CSCW.Computer Communications, 1994, 17(5): 339～347.
[43] 高明,黄敏.知识管理与决策支持系统.计算机与现代化,2004(12):37～40.
[44] 姜兆亮,郑波,冯仕红,崔焕勇,李兆前,杨超英.基于CSCW的复杂产品协同工艺设计.计算机工程,2004(1).30(2):81～82.
[45] 岳超源.决策理论与方法.北京:科学出版社,2003.
[46] 刘翔,李明星.决策支持系统多库协同式软件集成化技术探讨.电脑开发与应用,1997,10(3):170～173.
[47] 林尧瑞,张钹,石纯一.专家系统原理与实践,北京:清华大学出版社,1990.
[48] 马玉祥,武波.专家系统,成都:电子科技大学出版社,1994.
[49] Using the Whiteboard Tool, University of Stirling WebCT Student User Guide.
[50] Christian, Muller-Tomfelde, Sascha Steiner. Audio-enhanced Collaboration at an interactive electronic whiteboard, Proceedings of the 2001 International Conference on Auditory Display, Espoo, Finland, 2001 (8): 167～271.
[51] 彭晖,王宇栋,刘金旺.基于WEB的同步协同虚拟实验室设计与实现.计算机工程与应用,2004(7):155～157.
[2] 杨善林.智能决策方法与智能决策支持系统.北京:科学出版社,2005.
[3] 陈文伟.决策支持系统教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[4] McManus JW. Design and analysis techniques for concurrent blackboard systems. IEEE transactions on systems man and cybernetics, 1996, 26(6): 669～680.
[5] Lars Erik Holmquist, Johan Sanneblad and Lalya Gaye, Total Recall. In-place Viewing of Captured Whiteboard Annotations.Future Applications Lab.2003(4).
[6] Li-wei He, Zicheng Liu, Zhengyou Zhang. Use the Whiteboard Capture System. Microsoft Research One Microsoft Way, 2001 (3).
[7] Jie Wu著.高传善等译.分布式系统设计.北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[8] Feng Lu, Carson Woo. Recos. A Reguest-Comnitment Support Model. The University of British Colubia.In, Decision Support System. Theory and Application, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 1987.
[9] Paul Gray Hugh J.Watson著.陈朔鹰等译.决策支持系统教程.北京:北京理工大学出版社.2001.
[10] Gerard Tel著.霍卫卫等译.分布式算法导论.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[11] 毛海军,唐焕文.智能决策支持系统(IDSS)研究进展.小型微型计算机系统,2003,24(5):874～879
[12] Kathy Spurr.Computer Support for Cooperative Work CSCW Introduction. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1994.
[13] SwansonEB. Distributed decision support systems. A perspective, In: Proc.23rd Annual Hawaii Int Confon System Sciences, 1990(3): 129-136.
[14] 李向阳,鲁东明.共享电子白板系统设计与实现.计算机工程与应用,1999(7):98～100.
[15] 方亮等.在虚拟教室中电子白板系统的实现.计算机与现代化,2000(1):56-60.
[16] 胡运发.数据与知识工程导论.北京:清华大学出版社,2003:204～240.
[17] FayyadU, Piatetsky shapiroG, SymthP. From data mining to knowledge discovery, Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. Melo Park AAAI/MIT Press, 1996: 1～36.
[18] 谢锦,陈松乔.基于智能决策支持的协同设计的研究.计算机应用研究,2004(6):76～78.
[19] 林杰斌,刘明德,陈湘编.数据挖掘与OLAP理论与实务.北京:清华大学出版社,2003:156～174.
[20] 石丽,李坚.数据仓库与决策支持.北京:国防工业出版社,2003
[21] 肖波,王兆青,诸鸿文.电子白板互操作的研究与设计.上海交通大学学报,1998(8).32(8):12～15.
[22] 李立明,蔡立军,胡锦,施荣华,李方军.Internet上的多媒体电子白板系统的设计.吉首大学学报(自然科学版),2002(6).23(2):7～11.
[23] 徐保民,赵怀林.白板工具的一致性算法.计算机工程与应用,2002(12):113～115.
[24] 袁稹,陈晓春,李建华.电子白板模块的设计和实现.计算机工程,2001(3).27(3):27～30.
[25] 李秀川,林旺.网络电子白板的设计与实现.中央民族大学学报(自然科学版),2000(1).9(1):75～79,
[26] 窦万峰.基于对象复制的系统绘图并发控制算法.小型微型计算机系统,2004(5).25(3):414～418,
[27] 周英飚,冯玉才,基于令牌的共享白板一致性算法,计算机工程与应用,62-63,81,2000.12
[28] 陈宁江,苏德福.基于Agent的电子白板系统模型.计算机工程,2000(11).26(11):33～34,57.
[29] 常智勇,莫荣,杨海成,赵杰.基于Agent的网络协同设计方法.计算机工程与设计,2005(1).26:15～17.
[30] 王梅蓉,增广平,涂序彦.多库协同中的AL-Agents研究.计算机应用,2004(7).24(6):78,79,82.
[31] 何刚,李柏林.协同设计中的图形共享技术研究.机械设计与研究,2004(4).20(2):45～47.
[32] 周树语,许小艳,刘然.基于GIS的分布式实时系统制图系统的研究.计算机工程与设计,2005(1).26(1):55～58.
[33] Dubois Dand Prade H. Fuzzy sets and System. New York: AcademicPress, 1990.
[34] 王俊,周敬利,余胜生.共享白板协同操作的设计.华中科技大学学报, 2001(4).29(4):18～21.
[35] 田锋,李仁厚,何波,张金成.多Agent的计算机支持协同设计异常处理模型分析.西安交通大学学报,2004(4).38(4):392～396.
[36] 董轩明,张华开,裴云彰,徐光佑.建立基于自然型实时语音讨论系统的双令牌方法.通信学报,1997(2):70～74.
[37] 徐泽水.不确定多属性决策方法及应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2004:18～27,161～195.
[38] Guus Schreiber等著.史忠植,梁永全,吴斌等译。知识工程和知识管理,机械工业出版社,2003:45.70
[39] 杨雷.群体决策理论与应用—群体决策中的个体偏好集结方法研究.北京: 经济科学出版社,2004.
[40] Laudon K C, Laudon J P. Management information systems, new approaches to organization and technology, 5thEd, Prentice Hal, 1998.
[41] 田凌,童秉枢.网络化产品协同设计的理论与实践.计算机工程与应用,2002(5):3～6.
[42] J.A Robinson.communications Services Architecture for CSCW.Computer Communications, 1994, 17(5): 339～347.
[43] 高明,黄敏.知识管理与决策支持系统.计算机与现代化,2004(12):37～40.
[44] 姜兆亮,郑波,冯仕红,崔焕勇,李兆前,杨超英.基于CSCW的复杂产品协同工艺设计.计算机工程,2004(1).30(2):81～82.
[45] 岳超源.决策理论与方法.北京:科学出版社,2003.
[46] 刘翔,李明星.决策支持系统多库协同式软件集成化技术探讨.电脑开发与应用,1997,10(3):170～173.
[47] 林尧瑞,张钹,石纯一.专家系统原理与实践,北京:清华大学出版社,1990.
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[49] Using the Whiteboard Tool, University of Stirling WebCT Student User Guide.
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