坑道重力研究及其在铅锌矿找探矿中的应用
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摘要
本文依托“会泽-昭通铅锌矿区物探技术(高频大地电磁EH4、重力和充电等探测技术)应用及找矿预测”课题的开展,从重力探矿角度探索研究坑道重力测量,并根据某铅锌矿特点进行坑道重力找探矿有效性研究。
昭通市某铅锌矿开采历史悠久,面临着寻找深部及外围隐伏铅锌矿体的需求。电磁类地球物理勘探方法,如：直流电法(电阻率、激电和充电等)、感应电法类(TEM)、磁法和电磁法(EH4、CSAMT)等都存在矿山“铁”和“电”产生的电磁干扰影响,使得地球物理成果很难满足矿山探矿生产的需要。但重力勘探不受电磁的干扰,只要矿体与围岩存在密度差,就有开展重力探矿的前提。
某矿区铅锌矿体的埋深很大,地表常规重力很难获得矿致异常,所以重力施工场地有地表转入坑道。这一施工空间的转移导致异常特征和干扰因素等与地表重力明显的不同。
本文研究了坑道重力异常特征和干扰因素,并提出近区地改和坑道改正这两个改正思路,成功推导了近区地改公式和坑道改正公式。同时结合某铅锌矿实际情况,从正演研究(包括标本密度特征、小体重样密度特征、模型异常正演特征)和干扰研究(地下硐室干扰、竖井干扰、水平坑道干扰和采空区干扰)较全面的分析了坑道重力测量在某铅锌矿找探矿应用的有效性。在野外数据采集这块内容讨论了坑道重力施工一般方法和数据处理的一般流程。
本文从正演研究的角度认为在既定的精度下,Z400型重力仪可获得某铅锌矿Ⅰ号矿体异常,不能有效探测Ⅱ、Ⅲ号矿带矿体异常。实测数据经处理之后在Ⅰ号矿体上显示出了清晰的矿致异常,在Ⅱ、Ⅲ号矿带没有获得明显的异常,与正演研究基本一致。
This paper, based on the "geophysical exploration application and prospecting prediction of high frequency magnetotelluric(EH4), gravity and charging detection technology in Huize-Zhaotong lead and zinc mine ", researches and studies the Gallery gravity measurement from the perspective of gravity prospecting, and studies the effectiveness for tunnel of gravity prospecting according to characteristics of Mou lead-zinc ore.
Mou lead-zinc mining in Zhaotong has a long history,and now faces the demand of exploring the deep and concealed lead-zinc ore badies in periphery. Conventional geophysical exploration methods, such as DC (resistivity, IP and charging), induction electrical class (TEM), magnetic and electromagnetic method (EH4, CSAMT) are all mine "iron" and "power" to produce electromagnetic interference effects, the geophysical results are hard to satisfy mine prospecting the needs of production. But for gravity exploration is not affected by electromagnetic interference, as long as the ore body and rock density differenceness, can carry out the premise of gravity prospecting.
Mou mine lead-zinc ore bodies buried deeply, surface normal gravity is difficult to obtain ore induced abnormal, so gravity surface into the tunnel construction site. The construction space transfer leads to the anomaly features and the interference factors and its surface gravity is significantly different.
This paper studies the features of gravity anomaly and interfering factors, and puts forward the near zone to change and correct ideas of tunnel two, successfully deduced near zone to change formula and the correction formula. At the same time, in Mou lead-zinc mine actual situation, from the forward research (including specimen density characteristics, body weight density of sample characteristics, model of anomaly characteristics) and interference studies (underground chamber interference, interference, interference and vertical horizontal tunnel goaf interference) a comprehensive analysis of the tunnel gravity measurement in lead-zinc mine for Mou exploration of effective application. In field data acquisition the content discussed the tunnel construction method and gravity data process.
Forward research that, in predetermined precision Z400 gravimeter can obtain Mou lead-zinc mine of No.1 ore body abnormalities, cannot effectively detectⅡ,Ⅲore belt ore anomaly. Measured data after treatment in No.1 ore body was clear ore-induced anomaly, inⅡ,Ⅲ, ore belt was markedly abnormal, and forward research basically the same.
昭通市某铅锌矿开采历史悠久,面临着寻找深部及外围隐伏铅锌矿体的需求。电磁类地球物理勘探方法,如：直流电法(电阻率、激电和充电等)、感应电法类(TEM)、磁法和电磁法(EH4、CSAMT)等都存在矿山“铁”和“电”产生的电磁干扰影响,使得地球物理成果很难满足矿山探矿生产的需要。但重力勘探不受电磁的干扰,只要矿体与围岩存在密度差,就有开展重力探矿的前提。
某矿区铅锌矿体的埋深很大,地表常规重力很难获得矿致异常,所以重力施工场地有地表转入坑道。这一施工空间的转移导致异常特征和干扰因素等与地表重力明显的不同。
本文研究了坑道重力异常特征和干扰因素,并提出近区地改和坑道改正这两个改正思路,成功推导了近区地改公式和坑道改正公式。同时结合某铅锌矿实际情况,从正演研究(包括标本密度特征、小体重样密度特征、模型异常正演特征)和干扰研究(地下硐室干扰、竖井干扰、水平坑道干扰和采空区干扰)较全面的分析了坑道重力测量在某铅锌矿找探矿应用的有效性。在野外数据采集这块内容讨论了坑道重力施工一般方法和数据处理的一般流程。
本文从正演研究的角度认为在既定的精度下,Z400型重力仪可获得某铅锌矿Ⅰ号矿体异常,不能有效探测Ⅱ、Ⅲ号矿带矿体异常。实测数据经处理之后在Ⅰ号矿体上显示出了清晰的矿致异常,在Ⅱ、Ⅲ号矿带没有获得明显的异常,与正演研究基本一致。
This paper, based on the "geophysical exploration application and prospecting prediction of high frequency magnetotelluric(EH4), gravity and charging detection technology in Huize-Zhaotong lead and zinc mine ", researches and studies the Gallery gravity measurement from the perspective of gravity prospecting, and studies the effectiveness for tunnel of gravity prospecting according to characteristics of Mou lead-zinc ore.
Mou lead-zinc mining in Zhaotong has a long history,and now faces the demand of exploring the deep and concealed lead-zinc ore badies in periphery. Conventional geophysical exploration methods, such as DC (resistivity, IP and charging), induction electrical class (TEM), magnetic and electromagnetic method (EH4, CSAMT) are all mine "iron" and "power" to produce electromagnetic interference effects, the geophysical results are hard to satisfy mine prospecting the needs of production. But for gravity exploration is not affected by electromagnetic interference, as long as the ore body and rock density differenceness, can carry out the premise of gravity prospecting.
Mou mine lead-zinc ore bodies buried deeply, surface normal gravity is difficult to obtain ore induced abnormal, so gravity surface into the tunnel construction site. The construction space transfer leads to the anomaly features and the interference factors and its surface gravity is significantly different.
This paper studies the features of gravity anomaly and interfering factors, and puts forward the near zone to change and correct ideas of tunnel two, successfully deduced near zone to change formula and the correction formula. At the same time, in Mou lead-zinc mine actual situation, from the forward research (including specimen density characteristics, body weight density of sample characteristics, model of anomaly characteristics) and interference studies (underground chamber interference, interference, interference and vertical horizontal tunnel goaf interference) a comprehensive analysis of the tunnel gravity measurement in lead-zinc mine for Mou exploration of effective application. In field data acquisition the content discussed the tunnel construction method and gravity data process.
Forward research that, in predetermined precision Z400 gravimeter can obtain Mou lead-zinc mine of No.1 ore body abnormalities, cannot effectively detectⅡ,Ⅲore belt ore anomaly. Measured data after treatment in No.1 ore body was clear ore-induced anomaly, inⅡ,Ⅲ, ore belt was markedly abnormal, and forward research basically the same.
引文
[1]王建历.阮百尧.黄俊革等.坑道直流电法环境影响三维数值模拟与结果分析[J].物探与化探.2011.35(3)：414-418.
[2]岳建华.李志聃.矿井直流电法勘探中的巷道影响[J].煤炭学报.1999.24(1).
[3]于景邮.矿井直流电法勘探中应注意的几个问题[J].中国煤田地质.1998.10(3).
[4]岳建华.刘树才.于景都等.矿井电法井下干扰试验研究[J].勘察科学技术.1994.(6).
[5]王大庆.许新刚.岳建华等.均匀围岩介质中点源电流场的巷道影响模拟研究[J].中国煤田地质.2003.15(2).
[6]刘树才.刘志新.姜志海等.矿井直流电法三维正演计算的若干问题[J].物探与化探.2004.28(2).
[7]黄俊革.沈云发.阮百尧等.坑道内金属管道对电阻率测深影响[J].石油地球物理勘探.2004.39(1).
[8]黄俊革.鲍光淑.阮百尧等.坑道直流电阻率测深异常研究[J].地球物理学报.2005.48(1).
[9]封绍武.刘文增.杨晓东等.强干扰区瞬变电磁法勘查采空区效果[J].物探与化探.201034(2)：195-197.
[10]孙洁.晋光文.白登海等.大地电磁测深资料的噪声干扰[J].物探与化探.2000.24(2)：119-126.
[11]高殿松.蒲含勇.采用综合手段和方法解决危机矿山接替资源问题[J].中国矿业.2011.20：5-8
[12]蔡纲.强化危机矿山接替资源找矿专项管理.推进地质找矿新机制典型发言国土资源通讯.2010.20.
[13]吕志成.吕古贤.李永胜等.深部找矿新进展对矿床成矿模式研究的意义[J].地质通报.2011.30(4)：532-537.
[14]周云满.物探方法在滇东北地区寻找隐伏矿床的应用效果[J].地质与勘探.2006.42(3)：81-85.
[15]Grant F S andWest G F Interpretation Theory in Applied Geophysics:McGraw-Hill Book ompany.1965.
[16]Rao B.Rao S R.Murthy IVR.Gravity and Magnetic Methods of Prospecting. Amold-Heinemann.1978.
[17]Parker R L.Best bounds on density and depth from gravity data.Geophysics.1974.39.644 649.
[18]Parker R L.The theory of ideal bodies for gravity interpretation.Geophys. J.Roy. Astr.Soc. 1975.42.315-334.
[19]焦新华.吴燕冈.重力与磁法勘探.北京：地质出版社.2009.
[20]Kaufman A A. Geophysical Field Theory and Method,Part A,Gravitational,Electric and Magnetic Field. Academic Press,Inc.1992.
[21]Kearey P.Brooks M.An Introducution to Geophysical Exploration,Second Edition. Blac-kwell.Scientific Publication.1991.
[22]曾华霖.重力仪现状及发展.物探与化探[J].1999.23(2)：84-89.
[23]Chapin D.Gravity instrument:Past,present,future.The Leading Edge.1998.17(1):100-112.
[24]中华人民共和国地质矿产行业标准.大比例尺重力勘查规范.DZ/T0171-96.
[25]中华人民共和国地质矿产行业标准.区域重力调查规范(DZ/T 0082 93)；
[26]中华人民共和国地质矿产行业标准.重力调查技术规定(1:50万)(DZ 0004-91)；
[27]曾华霖等著.重力探测油气藏方法及其应用.北京市：地质出版社,1999.
[28]李九亮等译.勘探地球物理译文集重力资料解释推断[M].北京市：地质出版社,1990.03.
[29]王宝仁,徐公达.高精度重力测量[M].北京市：地质出版社,1995.
[30]姚敬刚.重力测井[M].北京市：石油工业出版社,1994.08.
[31]拜尔L A.吕学谦译The interpretation and application of borehole gravity surveys[M].北京地质出版社,1988,
[32]徐公达.周国藩.井中及坑道重力测量[M].北京：地质出版社.1989.
[33]曾华霖.万天丰Clarification of the definition of a gravity field[M]地学前沿.2004.11(4)：595-599.
[34]曾华霖.重力场与重力勘探[M].北京：地质出版社.2008(2)：85-86.
[35]于汇津.邓一谦等.地球物理学概论[M].北京：地质出版社.1991.(10)7.
[36]重力勘探资料解释手册[M].北京：地质出版社.1983.4.
[37]数学手册编写组.数学手册[M].北京：高等教育出版社.1979 251.
[38]韩润生.陈进.黄智龙等.构造成矿动力学及隐伏矿定位预测-以云南会泽超大型铅锌(银、锗)矿床为例[M].北京：科学出版社.2006,2-5.
[39]张振亮.黄智龙.饶冰等.会泽铅锌矿床成矿流体浓缩机制[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2005,30(4)：443-450.
[40]柳贺昌.林文达.滇东北铅锌银矿床规律研究[M].昆明：云南大学出版社,1999,129-131.
[41]柳贺昌.峨眉山玄武岩与铅锌成矿[J].地质与勘探,1995,31(4)：1-7.
[42]刘家铎,张成江,刘显凡等.川滇黔相邻区域铜铅锌金银矿床与峨眉山火成岩省的关系探讨[J].矿物岩石,2003,23(4)：74-79.
[43]李红阳等.峨眉山地幔柱与超大型矿床[J].矿床地质,2002.21(增刊)：148-151.
[44]魏爱英.滇东北某铅锌矿床Ⅰ号矿群蚀变-矿化分带模式研究.2011.5.
[45]邹海俊,韩润生,胡彬等.云南昭通某铅锌矿物质来源的新证据.2004,40(5),43-48.
[46]徐开礼,朱志澄.构造地质学[M].地质出版社.2006.9：70.
[47]林润南.ZSM型重力仪的维护与使用.北京：地质出版社.1983.
[2]岳建华.李志聃.矿井直流电法勘探中的巷道影响[J].煤炭学报.1999.24(1).
[3]于景邮.矿井直流电法勘探中应注意的几个问题[J].中国煤田地质.1998.10(3).
[4]岳建华.刘树才.于景都等.矿井电法井下干扰试验研究[J].勘察科学技术.1994.(6).
[5]王大庆.许新刚.岳建华等.均匀围岩介质中点源电流场的巷道影响模拟研究[J].中国煤田地质.2003.15(2).
[6]刘树才.刘志新.姜志海等.矿井直流电法三维正演计算的若干问题[J].物探与化探.2004.28(2).
[7]黄俊革.沈云发.阮百尧等.坑道内金属管道对电阻率测深影响[J].石油地球物理勘探.2004.39(1).
[8]黄俊革.鲍光淑.阮百尧等.坑道直流电阻率测深异常研究[J].地球物理学报.2005.48(1).
[9]封绍武.刘文增.杨晓东等.强干扰区瞬变电磁法勘查采空区效果[J].物探与化探.201034(2)：195-197.
[10]孙洁.晋光文.白登海等.大地电磁测深资料的噪声干扰[J].物探与化探.2000.24(2)：119-126.
[11]高殿松.蒲含勇.采用综合手段和方法解决危机矿山接替资源问题[J].中国矿业.2011.20：5-8
[12]蔡纲.强化危机矿山接替资源找矿专项管理.推进地质找矿新机制典型发言国土资源通讯.2010.20.
[13]吕志成.吕古贤.李永胜等.深部找矿新进展对矿床成矿模式研究的意义[J].地质通报.2011.30(4)：532-537.
[14]周云满.物探方法在滇东北地区寻找隐伏矿床的应用效果[J].地质与勘探.2006.42(3)：81-85.
[15]Grant F S andWest G F Interpretation Theory in Applied Geophysics:McGraw-Hill Book ompany.1965.
[16]Rao B.Rao S R.Murthy IVR.Gravity and Magnetic Methods of Prospecting. Amold-Heinemann.1978.
[17]Parker R L.Best bounds on density and depth from gravity data.Geophysics.1974.39.644 649.
[18]Parker R L.The theory of ideal bodies for gravity interpretation.Geophys. J.Roy. Astr.Soc. 1975.42.315-334.
[19]焦新华.吴燕冈.重力与磁法勘探.北京：地质出版社.2009.
[20]Kaufman A A. Geophysical Field Theory and Method,Part A,Gravitational,Electric and Magnetic Field. Academic Press,Inc.1992.
[21]Kearey P.Brooks M.An Introducution to Geophysical Exploration,Second Edition. Blac-kwell.Scientific Publication.1991.
[22]曾华霖.重力仪现状及发展.物探与化探[J].1999.23(2)：84-89.
[23]Chapin D.Gravity instrument:Past,present,future.The Leading Edge.1998.17(1):100-112.
[24]中华人民共和国地质矿产行业标准.大比例尺重力勘查规范.DZ/T0171-96.
[25]中华人民共和国地质矿产行业标准.区域重力调查规范(DZ/T 0082 93)；
[26]中华人民共和国地质矿产行业标准.重力调查技术规定(1:50万)(DZ 0004-91)；
[27]曾华霖等著.重力探测油气藏方法及其应用.北京市：地质出版社,1999.
[28]李九亮等译.勘探地球物理译文集重力资料解释推断[M].北京市：地质出版社,1990.03.
[29]王宝仁,徐公达.高精度重力测量[M].北京市：地质出版社,1995.
[30]姚敬刚.重力测井[M].北京市：石油工业出版社,1994.08.
[31]拜尔L A.吕学谦译The interpretation and application of borehole gravity surveys[M].北京地质出版社,1988,
[32]徐公达.周国藩.井中及坑道重力测量[M].北京：地质出版社.1989.
[33]曾华霖.万天丰Clarification of the definition of a gravity field[M]地学前沿.2004.11(4)：595-599.
[34]曾华霖.重力场与重力勘探[M].北京：地质出版社.2008(2)：85-86.
[35]于汇津.邓一谦等.地球物理学概论[M].北京：地质出版社.1991.(10)7.
[36]重力勘探资料解释手册[M].北京：地质出版社.1983.4.
[37]数学手册编写组.数学手册[M].北京：高等教育出版社.1979 251.
[38]韩润生.陈进.黄智龙等.构造成矿动力学及隐伏矿定位预测-以云南会泽超大型铅锌(银、锗)矿床为例[M].北京：科学出版社.2006,2-5.
[39]张振亮.黄智龙.饶冰等.会泽铅锌矿床成矿流体浓缩机制[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2005,30(4)：443-450.
[40]柳贺昌.林文达.滇东北铅锌银矿床规律研究[M].昆明：云南大学出版社,1999,129-131.
[41]柳贺昌.峨眉山玄武岩与铅锌成矿[J].地质与勘探,1995,31(4)：1-7.
[42]刘家铎,张成江,刘显凡等.川滇黔相邻区域铜铅锌金银矿床与峨眉山火成岩省的关系探讨[J].矿物岩石,2003,23(4)：74-79.
[43]李红阳等.峨眉山地幔柱与超大型矿床[J].矿床地质,2002.21(增刊)：148-151.
[44]魏爱英.滇东北某铅锌矿床Ⅰ号矿群蚀变-矿化分带模式研究.2011.5.
[45]邹海俊,韩润生,胡彬等.云南昭通某铅锌矿物质来源的新证据.2004,40(5),43-48.
[46]徐开礼,朱志澄.构造地质学[M].地质出版社.2006.9：70.
[47]林润南.ZSM型重力仪的维护与使用.北京：地质出版社.1983.