“生态大我”与生态批评的构建
|
摘要
从1978年生态批评诞生以来,全球范围内的生态批评研究日趋广泛而深入。本文写作主要基于对以下问题的思考：一是生态批评理论基础薄弱的现状；二是深层生态学的困境；三是对现代人时空感知变异的反思。本文以“生态大我”概念为切入点,借鉴生态心理学、文学修辞学等学科的相关成果,采用文本细读方法,选取四位代表性生态批评家的重要论著作为解析对象,研究“生态大我”观念与生态批评的互动关系,关注“生态大我”对生态批评话语的潜在影响,试图论证“生态大我”可以成为一种比较坚实的哲学基础,将生态批评领域各种混杂的主题统一起来,从而推动生态批评健康发展。另一方面,本文也试图从生态批评实践中吸取合理元素,对深层生态学“生态大我”进行丰富和深化。
绪论交待选题缘由、相关概念、国内外相关研究的主要状况及本文的方法论与基本构架。
第一章“‘生态大我’是什么?”集中讨论“生态大我”的工作性定义。“生态大我”概念根源于深层生态学“生态大我”,是挪威哲学家阿伦·奈斯于1973年提出来的。它旨在提出一种对小我的超越,臻达一种容纳天地万物的“大我”境界。之后,众多深层生态学者对之进行了发展和修正。本文认为“生态大我”是与外界认同的范式,是自我与他者的认同模式,这里的他者不仅包含自然,还应包含社会。“生态大我”应该同时具备与他者认同的深度和广度。本章还将论证“生态大我”与冯友兰的人生境界论、马斯洛的自我实现论、杜维明的同心圆模式等之间的关系。
第二章“斯洛维克：寻找自我的专注意识”,分析美国生态批评家斯洛维克《寻找美国自然文学的生态意识》中的“生态大我”意识。斯洛维克的生态批评以人为主题,从心理学角度分析自然文学作家不仅是自然的品鉴者,更是人类心灵的研习者,是文学心理师。这种专注意识体现在自然文学独特的叙述模式中。本章尝试提炼专注意识的“生态大我”内涵之一：即对他者的深度专注。
第三章“布伊尔：培养自我的环境想象”,分析美国生态批评家劳伦斯·布伊尔三部生态批评著作《环境的想象》、《为了危险的世界而写作》和《环境批评的未来》中的“生态大我”模式。本章将论证自我的认同模式贯穿在这三部著作之中。在这三部作品中,布伊尔提出了“主动放弃的美学”、“分水岭美学”、地方体验时空一体模式等理论；致力于对认同对象的拓展,力求将生态批评发展过程中出现的人类中心主义和生态中心主义的分歧进行调和,体现出自我认同的广度和动态特征。
第四章“马歇尔：建构‘生态大我’的人格”,分析美国生态批评家马歇尔《高峰体验》、《<瓦尔登湖>中的俳句时刻》等生态批评文本中对自我实现者的人格分析。马歇尔运用了心理学家马斯洛需求层次论,尤其是其晚年超越性需求理论对自然文学进行分析,认为自然在高峰体验中有着重要的作用。马歇尔通过阐释自然文学文本中的自我实现时刻,定性地分析并总结了若干生态人格特征本章尝试在马歇尔生态批评文本基础上提炼出“生态大我”人格特征：“生态大我”的时空超越性、“生态大我”的感恩精神、“生态大我”的“初心”境界。
第五章“海斯：呼唤自我的宇宙意识”.分析美国生态批评家海斯在《地方感和全球感》中提出的“生态宇宙主义”。海斯在全球化和多元文化的新语境中集中批判了生态批评中僵化的田园传统和荒野情结,并通过对一些不同于传统自然文学的文本,如现代科幻小说、纪录片、装置艺术等进行分析,建构出生态宇宙主义。生态宇宙主义是在全球化语境中一种新型的地方体验范式,是在布伊尔提出的“地方体验时空一体模式”基础上更大胆的思想实验,该实验指明了自我认同的无限广度。
结语“走向成熟的‘生态大我”,提出生态批评与“生态大我”有着广阔的互动和共赢的前景。“生态大我”将突出生态批评的问题意识,强化其理论基础,并推进深层生态学“生态大我”的研究。两者以其各自的优势将合力探寻人性能达的境界,通过生态话语为新的自我命名,那就是在新的语境中建构更为成熟的生态大我,从而为人类走出生态危机探索一条更加深刻而合理的道路。
Since its birth in1978, ecocriticism has witnessed wide and deep development. This dissertation is based on the following three concerns: the current weak ecocritcal theoretical basis; the plight faced by Deep Ecology; and a reflection on the altered ways of modern spatial and temporal perception. This dissertation takes Ecological SELF as the theoretical foundation to analyse the common theoretical pattern of four representative American ecocritics, draws on the related research findings from ecological psychoanalysis, literary rhetoric, and adopts a methodology of close reading. My dissertation will attempt to trace the relationship between Ecological SELF and ecocriticism, is particularly concerned with the influence of Ecological SELF on ecocriticism, trying to prove that Ecological SELF can be a solid philosophical basis for integrating the current confusing themes in ecocriticism and promoting the wholesome development of ecocrticism. On the other hand, this dissertation also intends to enrich and deepen the concept of the Ecological SELF of Deep Ecology by incorporating some sound elements from ecocriticcal practice.
The first chapter discusses the working definition of Ecological SELF which stems from Deep Ecology. It was first proposed by Norwegian philosopher Arne Naess in1973. Ecological SELF intends to transcend individual self, and reaches a greater self realm which can accommodate the whole Universe. After that, many other deep ecologists develop and revise the concept of Ecological SELF. This dissertation holds that Ecological SELF is a paradigm of identification between self and others which includes "the other" in both nature and society. Ecological SELF should reach both depth and width in its identification, i.e. to be both "near-sighted" and "far-sighted". Thus, Ecological SELF also has close connections with Feng Yu-Lan's "conceptual realm of life", Maslow's "Self-realization theory" and Tu Wei-ming's "concentric mode of identicication". Authentic Ecological SELF should present itself in the width, depth and heights of identification.
Chapter two tries to trace the idea of Ecological SELF in American ecocritic Scott Slovic's Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing, whose theme is that nature writers are not merely or even primarily, analysts of nature or appreciators nature. Rather, they are students of the human mind, literary psychologists, concerned with the phenomenon of "awareness" which is presented in the unique narrative of nature writing. This chapter intends to abstract the connotation of Ecological SELF from this "awareness":Intense awareness of the existence of the other.
The third chapter concentrates on the mode of Ecological SELF in the ecocritical trilogy by American ecocritic Lawrence Buell:The Environmental Imagination, Writing for an Endangered World and The Future of Environmental Criticism. In the trilogy, Buell proposes Aesthetics of Relinquishment, Watershed Aesthetics, five dimensional spatiotemporal phenomenology of place-attachment; strives to extend the objects of identification, and meditates the schism between ecocentricism and anthropocentricism. Buell's ecocriticism points to the width and dynamic nature of Ecological identification.
The fourth chapter focuses on American ecocritic Ian Marshall. This dissertation holds that Marshall consciously analyzes the personality traits presented by self-realizing people of Ecological SELF. In his Peak Experiences, Marshall adopts psychologist A. Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory and his later years' theory to read nature writings, maintaining that nature plays an important role in self-realization. Through such self-realizing moments, or Haiku moments, Marshall analyzes and summarizes some qualitative traits of Ecological SELF: spatiotemporal transcendentality, gratitude spirit and the beginner's mind.
The fifth chapter analyzes ecocosmopolitanism proposed by American ecocritic Ursula K. Heise. Heise crtitically reviewed the traditional pastoralism and wilderness ideology in the new context of globosity and multiculturalism. Based on this criticism of the old paradigm of place-attachment, Heise proposes a new paradigm of place-attachment:"ecocosmopolitanism" which was derived from analyzing some modern forms of art other than the traditional nature writing:modern scientific novels, documentary and installment art etc. These texts utilize some modernistic cinemanic techniques like zooming, collage, montage and fragmentation. Ecocosmopolitanism is a new place-attachment mode in the new global context. It is a bolder version of thought experiment based on Buell's five dimensions of place-attachment. This thought experiment points to the infinity of identification, and the quality of far-sightedness of Ecological SELF.
The conclusion proposes that the future of interaction between ecocriticism and Ecological SELF is promising. Ecological SELF will highlight the theme of ecocritism, strenghthen its therotical base, and at the same time deepen the research on the Ecological SELF of Deep Ecology. Both Ecocriticism and Ecological SELF will integrate this effort to pursue the highest realm of human nature, to name a new self through ecological discourse, to construct a maturer self. Hopefully, a more profound and sensible solution out of ecological crisis will be found.
绪论交待选题缘由、相关概念、国内外相关研究的主要状况及本文的方法论与基本构架。
第一章“‘生态大我’是什么?”集中讨论“生态大我”的工作性定义。“生态大我”概念根源于深层生态学“生态大我”,是挪威哲学家阿伦·奈斯于1973年提出来的。它旨在提出一种对小我的超越,臻达一种容纳天地万物的“大我”境界。之后,众多深层生态学者对之进行了发展和修正。本文认为“生态大我”是与外界认同的范式,是自我与他者的认同模式,这里的他者不仅包含自然,还应包含社会。“生态大我”应该同时具备与他者认同的深度和广度。本章还将论证“生态大我”与冯友兰的人生境界论、马斯洛的自我实现论、杜维明的同心圆模式等之间的关系。
第二章“斯洛维克：寻找自我的专注意识”,分析美国生态批评家斯洛维克《寻找美国自然文学的生态意识》中的“生态大我”意识。斯洛维克的生态批评以人为主题,从心理学角度分析自然文学作家不仅是自然的品鉴者,更是人类心灵的研习者,是文学心理师。这种专注意识体现在自然文学独特的叙述模式中。本章尝试提炼专注意识的“生态大我”内涵之一：即对他者的深度专注。
第三章“布伊尔：培养自我的环境想象”,分析美国生态批评家劳伦斯·布伊尔三部生态批评著作《环境的想象》、《为了危险的世界而写作》和《环境批评的未来》中的“生态大我”模式。本章将论证自我的认同模式贯穿在这三部著作之中。在这三部作品中,布伊尔提出了“主动放弃的美学”、“分水岭美学”、地方体验时空一体模式等理论；致力于对认同对象的拓展,力求将生态批评发展过程中出现的人类中心主义和生态中心主义的分歧进行调和,体现出自我认同的广度和动态特征。
第四章“马歇尔：建构‘生态大我’的人格”,分析美国生态批评家马歇尔《高峰体验》、《<瓦尔登湖>中的俳句时刻》等生态批评文本中对自我实现者的人格分析。马歇尔运用了心理学家马斯洛需求层次论,尤其是其晚年超越性需求理论对自然文学进行分析,认为自然在高峰体验中有着重要的作用。马歇尔通过阐释自然文学文本中的自我实现时刻,定性地分析并总结了若干生态人格特征本章尝试在马歇尔生态批评文本基础上提炼出“生态大我”人格特征：“生态大我”的时空超越性、“生态大我”的感恩精神、“生态大我”的“初心”境界。
第五章“海斯：呼唤自我的宇宙意识”.分析美国生态批评家海斯在《地方感和全球感》中提出的“生态宇宙主义”。海斯在全球化和多元文化的新语境中集中批判了生态批评中僵化的田园传统和荒野情结,并通过对一些不同于传统自然文学的文本,如现代科幻小说、纪录片、装置艺术等进行分析,建构出生态宇宙主义。生态宇宙主义是在全球化语境中一种新型的地方体验范式,是在布伊尔提出的“地方体验时空一体模式”基础上更大胆的思想实验,该实验指明了自我认同的无限广度。
结语“走向成熟的‘生态大我”,提出生态批评与“生态大我”有着广阔的互动和共赢的前景。“生态大我”将突出生态批评的问题意识,强化其理论基础,并推进深层生态学“生态大我”的研究。两者以其各自的优势将合力探寻人性能达的境界,通过生态话语为新的自我命名,那就是在新的语境中建构更为成熟的生态大我,从而为人类走出生态危机探索一条更加深刻而合理的道路。
Since its birth in1978, ecocriticism has witnessed wide and deep development. This dissertation is based on the following three concerns: the current weak ecocritcal theoretical basis; the plight faced by Deep Ecology; and a reflection on the altered ways of modern spatial and temporal perception. This dissertation takes Ecological SELF as the theoretical foundation to analyse the common theoretical pattern of four representative American ecocritics, draws on the related research findings from ecological psychoanalysis, literary rhetoric, and adopts a methodology of close reading. My dissertation will attempt to trace the relationship between Ecological SELF and ecocriticism, is particularly concerned with the influence of Ecological SELF on ecocriticism, trying to prove that Ecological SELF can be a solid philosophical basis for integrating the current confusing themes in ecocriticism and promoting the wholesome development of ecocrticism. On the other hand, this dissertation also intends to enrich and deepen the concept of the Ecological SELF of Deep Ecology by incorporating some sound elements from ecocriticcal practice.
The first chapter discusses the working definition of Ecological SELF which stems from Deep Ecology. It was first proposed by Norwegian philosopher Arne Naess in1973. Ecological SELF intends to transcend individual self, and reaches a greater self realm which can accommodate the whole Universe. After that, many other deep ecologists develop and revise the concept of Ecological SELF. This dissertation holds that Ecological SELF is a paradigm of identification between self and others which includes "the other" in both nature and society. Ecological SELF should reach both depth and width in its identification, i.e. to be both "near-sighted" and "far-sighted". Thus, Ecological SELF also has close connections with Feng Yu-Lan's "conceptual realm of life", Maslow's "Self-realization theory" and Tu Wei-ming's "concentric mode of identicication". Authentic Ecological SELF should present itself in the width, depth and heights of identification.
Chapter two tries to trace the idea of Ecological SELF in American ecocritic Scott Slovic's Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing, whose theme is that nature writers are not merely or even primarily, analysts of nature or appreciators nature. Rather, they are students of the human mind, literary psychologists, concerned with the phenomenon of "awareness" which is presented in the unique narrative of nature writing. This chapter intends to abstract the connotation of Ecological SELF from this "awareness":Intense awareness of the existence of the other.
The third chapter concentrates on the mode of Ecological SELF in the ecocritical trilogy by American ecocritic Lawrence Buell:The Environmental Imagination, Writing for an Endangered World and The Future of Environmental Criticism. In the trilogy, Buell proposes Aesthetics of Relinquishment, Watershed Aesthetics, five dimensional spatiotemporal phenomenology of place-attachment; strives to extend the objects of identification, and meditates the schism between ecocentricism and anthropocentricism. Buell's ecocriticism points to the width and dynamic nature of Ecological identification.
The fourth chapter focuses on American ecocritic Ian Marshall. This dissertation holds that Marshall consciously analyzes the personality traits presented by self-realizing people of Ecological SELF. In his Peak Experiences, Marshall adopts psychologist A. Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory and his later years' theory to read nature writings, maintaining that nature plays an important role in self-realization. Through such self-realizing moments, or Haiku moments, Marshall analyzes and summarizes some qualitative traits of Ecological SELF: spatiotemporal transcendentality, gratitude spirit and the beginner's mind.
The fifth chapter analyzes ecocosmopolitanism proposed by American ecocritic Ursula K. Heise. Heise crtitically reviewed the traditional pastoralism and wilderness ideology in the new context of globosity and multiculturalism. Based on this criticism of the old paradigm of place-attachment, Heise proposes a new paradigm of place-attachment:"ecocosmopolitanism" which was derived from analyzing some modern forms of art other than the traditional nature writing:modern scientific novels, documentary and installment art etc. These texts utilize some modernistic cinemanic techniques like zooming, collage, montage and fragmentation. Ecocosmopolitanism is a new place-attachment mode in the new global context. It is a bolder version of thought experiment based on Buell's five dimensions of place-attachment. This thought experiment points to the infinity of identification, and the quality of far-sightedness of Ecological SELF.
The conclusion proposes that the future of interaction between ecocriticism and Ecological SELF is promising. Ecological SELF will highlight the theme of ecocritism, strenghthen its therotical base, and at the same time deepen the research on the Ecological SELF of Deep Ecology. Both Ecocriticism and Ecological SELF will integrate this effort to pursue the highest realm of human nature, to name a new self through ecological discourse, to construct a maturer self. Hopefully, a more profound and sensible solution out of ecological crisis will be found.
引文
① Buell, Lawrence. The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination.
Maiden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p.130. ② Marshall, Ian. Story Line:Exploring the Literature of the Appalachian Trail. Charlottesville and London:
University of Virginia Press,1998, p.5.
① Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Maiden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, P.98.
② Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, P.98.
③ Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, P.98.
① Fox, Warwick. Toward a Transpersonal Ecology:Developing New Foundations for Environmentalism. Albany, NY:SUNY Press,1990, p.57.
② Fox, Warwick. Toward a Transpersonal Ecology:Developing New Foundations for Environmentalism. Albany, NY:SUNY Press,1990, p.43.
①王岳川著：《当代西方最新文论教程》,上海：复旦大学出版社2008年版,第486页。
① Scott Slovic, "The Third Wave." Ecozon@ 1.1 (April 2010)
① Scott Slovic, Going Away to Think:Engagement, Retreat, and Ecocritical Responsibility. Reno, Nevada. University of Nevada Press,2008, p.94.
① Michael Bennett, "From Wide Open Spaces to Metropolitan Places:The Urban Challenge to Ecocriticism."The ISLE Reader:Ecocriticism,1993-2003. Athens, GA:University of Georgia Press, p.297.
② Michael Bennett, "From Wide Open Spaces to Metropolitan Places:The Urban Challenge to Ecocriticism."The ISLE Reader:Ecocriticism,1993-2003. At hens, G A:University of Georgia Press, pp.302.304.
③ Timothy Morton, Ecology Without Nature:Rethinking Environmental Aesthetics. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,2007, pp.2,10,13,
Daniel B. Botkin, No Man's Garden:Thoreau And A New Vision For Civilization And Nature, Washington, D.C., Island Press,2000, p.39.
② Luc Ferry, The New Ecological Order. Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1999, pp.299,62.
①雷毅著：《深层生态学：闸释与整合》,上海：上海交通大学出版社2012年版,第139页。
②同上,第143页。
③雷毅著：《深层生态学：闸释与整合》,上海：上海交通大学出版社2012年版,第139页。
①何怀宏主编：《生态伦理——精神资源与哲学基础》,保定：河北大学出版社2002年版,第485-531页。
②蒙培元：《为什么说中国哲学是深层生态学》,载《新视野》2002年6月。
③陈望衡：《深层生态学及其美学关照》,载《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》,2003年2月。
④张祥亭：“深层生态学视角下自我价值的实现——《啊,拓荒者!》中亚历山德拉形象解读”,载《重庆工学院学报(社会科学版)》,2009年12期。
⑤黄幼：“《瓦尔登湖》：重探梭罗的深层生态学思想”,南京师范大学博士字位论文,2004牛。
①胡碧媛：“从利己到利他——厄普顿.克莱的自我实现”, 载《当代外语研究》,2011年5月,第5期。
②程虹主要研究领域为自然文学。她十年前出版了国内第一部系统介绍评述美国自然文学的专著《寻归荒野》(三联书店,2001),出版了英美自然文学论着《宁静无价》(上海人民出版社,2009)、《寻归荒野》(增订版)(三联书店,2011),并翻译了一套美国自然文学经典《醒来的森林》(三联书店,2012)、《遥远的房屋》(三联书店,2012)、《心灵的慰藉》(三联书店,2012)、《低吟的荒野》(三联书店,2012)。
③[美]巴勒斯：《醒来的森林》(程虹译),北京：三联书店,2004年,第9页。
④程虹：《录归荒野》(增订版),北京：三联书店，2011年，第44-45页。
⑤程虹：《录归荒野》(增订版),北京：三联书店，2011年，第299
①王岳川著：《当代西方最新文论教程》,上海：复旦大学出版社2008年版,第483页。
②王岳川：“生态文学与生态批评文论”,载《北京大学学报》,2009年第02期。
①王岳川著：《当代西方最新文论教程》,上海：复旦大学出版社2008年版,第56、57页。
②王岳川著：《当代西方最新文论教程》,上海：复旦大学出版社2008年版,第56页。
③王岳川著：《当代西方最新文论教程》,上海：复旦大学出版社2008年版,第57页。
④初心即初学者的心(beginner's mind),是一个佛教术语。初心是指一颗开放的心,而不是封闭的心,是颗空的心,是颗随时准备好去接受他者的心。
① Lawrence Buell. The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p.23.
② J. B. Callicott, "Do Deconstructive Ecology and Sociobiology Undermine Leopold's Land Ethic?" in Zimmerman, Michael & E. J. Baird Callicott ed., Environmental Philosophy:from Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice Hall,1998, pp.145-164.
① J. B Callicott, "Do Deconstructive Ecology and Sociobiology Undermine Leopold's Land Ethic?" in Zimmerman, Michael & E. J. Baird Callicott ed., Environmental Philosophy:from Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice Hall,1998, pp.145-164.
② Warwick Fox, Toward a Transpersonal Ecology:Developing New Foundations for Environmentalism. Albany, NY:SUNY Press,1990. p.264.
① J. B. Callicott, "Do Deconstructive Ecology and Sociobiology Undermine Leopold's Land Ethic?" in Zimmerman, Michael & E. J. Baird Callicott ed., Environmental Philosophy:from Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice Hall,1998, pp.145-164.
②马大康等著：《文学时间研究》,北京：中国社会科学出版社2008年版,第51页。
①马大康等著：《文学时间研究》,北京：中国社会科学出版社2008年版,第33页。
②吴国盛著：《时间的观念》,北京：北京大学出版社2006年版,第85页。
①马大康等著：《文学时间研究》,北京：中国社会科学出版社2008年版,第52页。
②吴国盛著：《时间的观念》,北京：北京大学出版社2006年版,第85页。
③吴国盛著：《时间的观念》,北京：北京大学出版社2006年版,第100页。
① Scott Slovic, Going Away to Think:Engagement, Retreat, and Ecocritical Responsibility. Reno, Nevada. University of Nevada Press,2008, pp.189-211.
1晁乐红著：《中庸与中道——先秦儒家与亚里士多德伦理思想比较研究》,北京：人民出版社2010年版,第23页。
②Scott Slovic,"The Shape of the 'I' in Ecological context."ELN(Spring 2012).
① Robert Ornstein and Paul Ehrlich. New World New Mind:Moving Toward Conscious Evolution. New York: Doubleday,1989, p.74.
② Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008. p.83.
③程相占：“生态智慧与地方性审美经验”,载《江苏大学学报(社会科学版)》,2005年7月,第7卷第4期,第7-11页。
①张世英著：《进入澄明之境：哲学的新方向》,北京：商务印书馆1999年版,第213页。
② Effrey F. Meyer, "Salvation in the Garden:Daoism and Ecology." in Girardot, N. J. & James Miller eds. Duoism and Ecology:Ways within a Cosmic Landscape, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.:Center for the Study of World Religions,2001, pp.219-37.
③[美]马斯洛(Abraham Maslow)著：《马斯洛人本哲学》,成明译,北京：九州出版社2003年版,第380页。
①生态智慧T是奈斯个人的用来表达自己生态思想的说法。这个名字一方面为了纪念自己的一座小屋(Tvergastein)。生态智慧T足奈斯在登山中思行合一的结果。如果登山是“行”的过程,那么奈斯在山上用石头搭起来的小屋则是“思”的场所。另一方面这个名字也表明了奈斯谦虚开放的立场和态度。我有我的T智慧,大家可以有自己的A、B、C、D……智慧,生态智慧的应有态度是海纳百川、生生不息。“我宣布我的生态哲学T,主要目的是教育性和辨证的,我希望帮助其他人得出他们自己的哲学。Arne Naess, Alan R. Drengson & Harold Glasser. The Selected Works ofArne Naess:Volumes 1-10. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer,2005, p.52.
Arne Naess, "The Deep Ecological Movement:Some Philosophical Aspects." in Michael E. Zimmerman, J. Baird Callicott, Environmental Philosophy:from Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall,1998, pp.193-212.
Arne Naess, "Self-Realization:An Ecological Approach to Being in the World," The Fourth Keith Roby Memorial Lecture in Community Science, Murdoch University, Australia,12 March 1986, in George Sessions, Deep Ecology for the 21ST Century, Boston:Shambhala,1995:225-239.
① Arne Naess, "The Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement:A Summary", in Drengson, Alan & Yuichi Inoue. The Deep Ecology Movement:An Introductory Anthology, Berkeley, CA:North Atlantic Books, 1995, pp.3-9.
② Val Plumwood, Feminism and the Mastery of Nature. New York:Routledge,1993, P.177.
③雷毅著：《深层生态学：阐释与整合》,上海：上海交通大学出版社2012年版,第66页。
①Alan Naess, "The Deep Ecological Movement:Some Philosophical Aspects." in Michael E. Zimmerman, J. Baird Callicott, Environmental Philosophy:from Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall,1998, p.209.
Alan Naess, "The Deep Ecological Movement:Some Philosophical Aspects." in Michael E. Zimmerman, J. Baird Callicott, Environmental Philosophy:from Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall,1998, p.205.
①M. Bookchin, "What Is Social Ecology." in Peter C. List, ed. Radical Environmen:alism. California:Wadsworth Publishing Company,1993, pp.93-107.
②何怀宏主编：《生态伦理——精神资源与哲学基础》,保定：河北大学出版社2002年版,第525、526页。
③何怀宏主编：《生态伦理——精神资源与哲学基础》,保定：河北大学出版社2002年版,第525、526页。
②何怀宏主编：《生态伦理——精神资源与哲学基础》,保定：河北大学出版社2002年版,第502页。
② Bill Devall & George Sessions. Deep ecology, Salt Lake City, Utah:G.M. Smith,1985, p.42.
③ Theodore Roszak, Where the wasteland ends. Garden City:Doubleday.1972, p.400.
Bill Devall & George Sessions. Deep ecology, Salt Lake City, Utah:GM. Smith,1985, p.75.
②雷毅著：《深层生态学：阐释与整合》,上海：上海交通大学出版社2012年版,第106、117页。
③郭永玉：《马斯洛晚年的超越性人格理论的形成与影响》,载《华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)》2002年第02期。
Roger Walsh and Frances Vaughan, eds. Paths beyond ego:the transpersonal vision. Los Angeles, CA:J.P. Tarcher/Perigee,1993, p.3.
②马斯洛的“类本能”理论提出,人的基本需求是变化着的,处于进化之中的。人的超越性需求则正是人的进化的体现,这种需求类似于人的其它本能。换言之,超越性的需求是进化的产物。而超越性需求的有无或高低反过来也可以衡量一个人的进化程度。超越性需求等层次较高的需求与先天遗传的联系更弱,对于后天环境的依赖则更大。但也不排除高层次的需求也与遗传有关系。而这也正反驳了人与动物无异的说法。因为,超越性不能作为动物的标志。而作为人的标志则更为合理。和其它基本需求一样,超越性需求的遮蔽会带来一些疾病。所以我们要了解、察觉自已的超越性需求并为它的实现创造条件。
③[英]戴维·佩珀著：《生态社会主义：从深生态学到社会正义》,济南：山东大学出版社,第141页。
①马斯洛著：《人的潜能与价值》,北京：华夏出版社1987年版,第366页。
②黄同,曾永成：《论心理美学的价值追求和生态观念——马斯洛心理学价值论对文艺心理研究的启示》,载《成都大学学报(社科版)》1997年第04期。
Abraham H. Maslow, The farther reaches of human nature. NewYork:The Viking Press,1971, pp.269-298.
① Roger Walsh and Frances Vaughan, eds. Paths beyond ego:the transpersonal vision. Los Angeles, CA:J.P. Tarcher/Perigee,1993, p.2.
①Abraham H. Maslow, The farther reaches of human nature. NewYork:The Viking Press.1971, pp.269-298.
②Abraham H. Maslow, "Lessons from the Peak-Experience." Journal of Humanistic Psychology (2):1962.9.
③Abraham H. Maslow, The farther reaches of human nature. New York:The Viking Press,1971, pp.283-95.
①Abraham H. Maslow, Religions, values, and peak-experiences. New York:The Viking Press,1973, p.79.
②Abraham H. Maslow, The farther reaches of human nature. New York:The Viking Press,1971, pp.292.
③[美]马斯洛(Abraham Maslow)著：《马斯洛人本哲学》,成明译,北京：九州出版社2003年版,第324页。
Abraham H. Maslow, Religions, values, and peak-experiences. New York:The Viking Press,1973, p.65.
③Abraham H. Maslow, Religions, values, and peak-experiences. New York:The Viking Press,1973, p.113.
① Abraham H. Maslow, The Farther Reaches of Human Nature. New York:The Viking Press,1971, p.292.
② Abraham H. Maslow, The Farther Reaches of Human Nature. New York:The Viking Press,1971, p,294.
③程虹著：《寻归荒野》(增订版),北京：三联书店,2011年版,第110页。
④程虹著：《寻归荒野》(增订版),北京：三联书店,2011年版,第113页。
①[美]西格德·F·奥尔森著：《低吟的荒野》,程虹译,北京：三联书店2012年版,第14页。
②程虹著：《寻归荒野》(增订版),北京：三联书店,2011年版,第41页。
③程虹著：《寻归荒野》(增订版),北京：三联书店,2011年版,第80页。
Abraham H. Maslow, The farther reaches of human nature. New York:The Viking Press,1971, p.283-288.
① Abraham H. Maslow, TheFartherReaches of Human Nature. New York:The Viking Press,1971. pp.288.
② Abraham H. Maslow, Religions, Values, and Peak-experiences. New York:The Viking Pressc 1973 n 56
③李庆霞：《片言谁解诉秋心——试论林黛玉诗歌的追问意识》,载《海南大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2002年01期。
①吕启祥：《花的精魂·诗的化身——林黛玉形象的文化蕴含和造型特也》,载《红楼梦学刊》,1987年03期。
②宗白华著：《美学散步》,上海：上海人民出版社,1981年版,第280页。
Abraham H. Maslow, Religions, values, and peak-experiences. New York:The Viking Press,1973, p.61.
① Abraham H. Maslow, The Farther Reaches of Human Nature. New York:The Viking Press,197], pp.269-79.
②马鹏翔：《冯友兰“天地境界说”与马斯洛“自我实现论”比较研究》,参：胡军编《反思与境界：纪念冯友兰先生诞辰110周年暨冯友兰学术国际研讨会文集丛》,北京：北京大学出版社2008年版第111-118 页。
①李育红,魏丽华：《冯友兰天地境界说对生态伦理学的意义》,载《甘肃联合大学学报》(社会科学版)第22卷第2期(2006年4月)第19-21页。
②卢风：《天地境界说对生态伦理的启示》,载《学术月刊》2002年第4期第5-12页。
①夏光著：《东亚现代性与西方现代性——从文化的角度看》,北京：生活·读书·新知三联书店2005版,第163页。
②冯友兰著：《冯友兰谈哲学》,北京：当代世界出版社2006年版,第211页。
①冯友兰著：《冯友兰谈哲学》,北京：当代世界出版社2006年版,第255页。
冯友兰著：《贞元六书》,上海：华东师范大学出版社1996年版第863-864页。
①杜维明：《新儒家人文主义的生态转向：对中国和世界的启发》,载《中国哲学史》2002年第2期,第5-20页。
② M. E. Tucker, "Confucianism and Deep Ecology." In Barnhill, David, and Roger Gottlieb, eds. Deep Ecology World Religions:New Essays on Sacred Ground. Albany, NY:SUNY,2001, p.129-130.
①马军红：《生态意识和生态责任——司各特·斯洛维克访谈》,载《当代外国文学》,2010年第2期,第160-170页。
Scott Slovic, "The Shape of the 'I' in Ecological Context." ELN (Spring 2012).
① Scott Slovic, "The Shape of the 'I' in Ecological Context." ELN (Spring 2012).
②冯友兰著：《冯友兰谈哲学》,北京：当代世界出版社2006年版,第211页。
③ Alison Hawthorne Deming, Writing the Sacred into the Real. Scott Slovic ed.,MN.:Milkweed Editions,2001, pp.6,7,9,11.
④ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.4,10,16.
①[美]罗伯特·波格·哈里森(Robert Pogue Harrison)著：《花园：谈人之为人》,苏薇星译,北京：生活、读书、新知三联书店2011年版。
② Scolt Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Tkoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.150.
①马军红：《生态意识和生态责任——司各特·斯洛维克访谈》,载《当代外国文学》,2010年第2期,第160-170页。
②斯洛维克在来信中认为他所做的生态批评就是在探询自我的身份。
①斯洛维克的父母都的心理学家,他自己也曾说：“我喜欢倾向于心理学目的自然书写,我非常喜欢这一类的自然书写。我很想知道,人类的大脑是如何对自然做出反应的,人类的大脑起的是一种什么样的作用,我们是怎么去阅读和接受自然书写的,自然以及自然书写是如何影响我们的感觉和生活的。”参见：王诺：“对话斯洛维克：生态文学研究”,参见王诺著：《生态与心态：当代欧美文学研究》,南京大学出版社2007年版。
① Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.3.
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.6.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey. Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.5.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.23.
1 Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.23.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.37.
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.25.
① Bill Devall and George Sessions. Deep ecology, Salt Lake City, Utah:GM. Smith,1985, p.9.
② Bill Devall and George Sessions. Deep ecology, Salt Lake City, Utah:GM. Smith,1985, p.8.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.26.
④ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.30.
① Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.52.
②Bill Devall and George Sessions. Deep ecology, Salt Lake City, Utah:G.M. Smith,1985, p.99. ③Bill Devall and George Sessions. Deep ecology, Salt Lake City, Utah:G.M. Smith,1985, p.102.
④S Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.33.
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.35.
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Diilard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.38.
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.38.
① Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.49.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.51.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.54.
④ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.54.
⑤ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.47.
① Henry David Thoreau, Walden:or. Life in the Woods. New York:Dover Publications. Inci 1995
②刘玉宇：《从<瓦尔登湖>中的儒学语录看梭罗的儒家渊源》,载《外国文学评论》,2009年第3期,第197-206页。
① Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.9.
②福克斯在《走向超个人生态学》第七章中提出将深层生态学心理化的说法,事实上,深层生态学从一诞生与心理学有着深刻的联系。Fox, Warwick. Toward a Transpersonal Ecology:Developing New Foundations for Environmentalism. Albany, NY:SUNY Press,1990, p.204.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.10.
④ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.10.
① Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.77.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.62.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.64.
①当然斯洛维克回避但也并没有否认迪拉德与神秘主义的关系：“《汀克溪的朝圣》面世以来,迪拉德被指为重振了文学中神秘主义的传统。……迪拉德这样解释《汀克溪的朝圣》的目的：艺术是我们的旨趣,神秘主义是我想传递的信息。……她强烈反对自我意识的干扰,但她依然成功而强有力地描述了在她看来是真实的神秘体验。”Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.63.
②雷毅著：《深层生态学：闸释与整合》,上海：上海交通大学出版社2012年版,第100页。
③冯友兰著：《冯友兰谈哲学》,北京：当代世界出版社2006年版,第393页。
④郭淑新著：《敬畏伦理研究》,合肥：安徽人民出版社2007年版,第89-100。
⑤ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Swimme,2013-1-5。
① Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.67.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.67.
① Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.69.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.71.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.73.
④ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.75.
①王岳川著：《大学中庸讲演录》,桂林：广西师范大学出版社2008年版,第220页。
① Annie Dillard, Pilgrim at Tinker Creek, New York:Harper Perennial, a Division of Harper Collins Publishers, 1974, p.30.
① Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.11.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.97.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.104.
① Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.107.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.106.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.99.
①转引自程虹著：《寻归荒野》(增订版),北京：二联书店,2011年版,第227页。
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.100.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.100.
④ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.112.
David Barnhill, "Relational Holism:Huayan Buddhism and Deep Ecology." in David Barnhill, and Roger Gottlieb, eds. Deep Ecology and World Religions:New Essays on Sacred Ground. Albany, NY:SUNY,2001, pp. 78-104.
① Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.113.
①生态批评家布伊尔、斯洛维克和桑德斯等都曾有过这样的感慨。
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.13.
③ Jeffrey F. Meyer, "Salvation in the Garden:Daoism and Ecology." in Girardot, N. J. & James Miller eds. Dauism and Ecology:Ways within a Cosmic Landscape, Harvard Univeisiiy, Cambridge, Mass.:Center for the Study of World Religions,2001, pp.219-37.
④何怀宏主编：《生态伦理——精神资源与哲学基础》,保定：河北大学出版社2002年版,第527页。
① Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.117.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.123.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.123.
① Scott Slovie, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.130.
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.128.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.124.
④ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.124.
①David Abram, The spell of the sensuous:perception and language in a more-than-human world. New York: Pantheon Books,1996, p.185.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.131.
'Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.132.
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.134.
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.135.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.15.
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press, 1992, p.17.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.147.
① Jeffrey F. Meyer, "Salvation in the Garden:Daoism and Ecology." in Girardot, N. J. & James Miller eds. Daoism and Ecology:Ways within a Cosmic Landscape, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.:Center for the Study of World Religions,2001, pp.219-37.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.154.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.154.
④ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.150.
⑤ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.148.
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City:Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.154.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.166.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.146.
① Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.162.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.164.
③ Abraham H. Maslow, The farther reaches of human nature. New York:The Viking Press,1971.
④ Warwick Fox, Toward a Transpersonal Ecology:Developing New Foundations for Environmentalism. Albany, NY:SUNY Press,1990, pp.249-57.
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.146.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.144.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.147.
④ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.145.
① Scott Slovic. Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.146.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.142.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.138.
①方丽：《“环境的想象”与“浪漫主义生态学”——论布伊尔与贝特的生态批评理论》,载《名作欣赏》2010年第33期,第43-45页。
① Lawrence Buell, The environmental imagination:Thoreau, nature writing, and the formation of American culture, Harvard University Press,1995, p.139.
① Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.16.
② Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.16.
①Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.20.
②杰斐逊自由主义思想中包含着人文主义的精华。杰斐逊反对物质主义,反对肉体享受至上。
③Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.33.
④Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.12.
① Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.13.
② Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.36.
③ Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.14.
Scott Russell Sanders, "Speaking a Word for Nature", in Glotfelty, Cheryll, and Harold Fromm, eds., The Ecocriticism Reader:Landmarks in Literary Ecology. Athens:University of Georgia P,1996, p.194.
② Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.51.
③ Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.52.
① Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.61.
② Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.64.
③ Susan Kollin, William R. Handley和.Jon Smith等学者都进一步阐发了布伊尔的怀旧美学。参见Jon Smith, Susan Kollin, Nature's State:Imagining Alaska As the Last Frontier (2001); Jon Smith, Deborah Cohn. Look Awayl:The U.S. South in New World Studies, (2004); William R. Handley, Nathaniel Lewis, True West: Authenticity and the American West, (2007); Denice Turner Rodopi, Writing the Heavenly Frontier:Metaphor, Geography, and Flight Autobiography in America 1927-1954, (2011)。
① Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.57.
② Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.84.
① William Joseph Long, "The Modern School of Nature-Study and Its Critics." North American Review. May 1903:688-98.
② Kim Perez,"'Nature as a Field for Fiction':Mabel Osgood Wright Responds to the Nature Faker Controversy." ISLE 19, no.1 (Winter 2012):24-42.
③ Ralph H. Lutts, The Nature Fakers:Wildlife, Science & Sentiment, Berkley, Los Angels California:University of Virginia Press,2001.
Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination. Cambridpe-Mass Harvard I Tnivrsity, Press 1995 p 85
Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press.1995. p.92.
Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.93.
① Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.94.
② Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.94.
③ Buell, Lawrence. The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.97.
④ Buell, Lawrence. The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.97.
① Buell, Lawrence. The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.97.
② Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.143.
③ Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.4.
① Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard Universitv Press.1995. p.145,
②而在斯洛维克那里,自发简朴对应着“不由自主的专注" (involuntary attention)。
① Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod,
New York City: The Library of America, 1985, p. 538-547.
② Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995, p. 169.
①这个机制是《瓦尔登湖》中的叙述者。在斯洛维克和布伊尔等生态批评家看来,这个叙述者经历了微妙而确凿的变化。
③ Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995, p. 170.
④ Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and M-errimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City: The Library of America, 1985, p. 561-77.
⑤ Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City: The Library of America, 1985, p. 561-77.
① Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.538-547.
② Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.169.
③ Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.170.
④ Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.561-77.
⑤ Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.561-77.
Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.561-77.
② Lawrence Buell, The environmental imagination:Thoreau, nature writing, and the formation of American culture, Harvard University Press,1995, p.26.
① Lawrence Buell, The environmental imagination:Thoreau, nature writing, and the formation of American culture, Harvard University Press,1995, p.26.
② Lawrence Buell, The environmental imagination:Thoreau, nature writing, and the formation of American culture, Harvard University Press,1995, p.2.
① Lawrence Buell, The environmental imagination:Thoreau, nature writing, and the formation of American culture, Harvard University Press,1995, p.23.
② Lawrence Buell, The environmental imagination:Thoreau, nature writing, and the formation of American culture, Harvard University Press,1995, p.23.
③ Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.116.
① Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press.1995, p.117.
② Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.117.
③ Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.117.
① J Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.117.
②[美]利奥波德(Aldo Leopold)著：《沙乡年鉴》,侯文蕙译,长春：吉林人民出版1997年版,第203页。
①何怀宏主编：《生态伦理——精神资源与哲学基础》,保定：河北大学出版社2002年版,第505页。
② Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.411.
③ Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.122.
④ Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.122.
① Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.539.
② Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.572.
③ Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.395.
Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p,73.
② Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p,27.
① Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p,76-81.
② Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Maiden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p,22.
① Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Maiden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p,23.
① Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p,29.
Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p,46.
② Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p,102-3.
① Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p,102-3.
② Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p, vii.
① Lawrence Buell, Writing for an Endangered World. MA.:The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,2001, p.247.
② Lawrence Buell, Writing for an Endangered World. MA.:The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,2001, p.252.
① Bill Devall and George Sessions. Deep ecology, Salt Lake City, Utah:G.M. Smith,1985, p.21.
② Bill Devall and George Sessions. Deep ecology, Salt Lake City, Utah:G.M. Smith,1985, p.22.
③ Lawrence Buell, Writing for an Endangered World. MA.:The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,2001, p.257.
① Lawrence Buell, Writing for an Endangered World. MA.:The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,2001, p.258-259.
② Lawrence Buell, Writing for an Endangered World. MA.:The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,2001, p.252.
③ Lawrence Buell, Writing for an Endangered World. MA.:The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,2001, p.264.
①伊恩·马歇尔(Ian Marshall)是美国重要的生态批评家之一,主要著作有《故事线索：探索阿巴拉契亚小径的文学》(1998),《高峰体验》(2003),《<瓦尔登湖>中的俳句时刻》(2009),《走向联系：生态批评理论和实践文集》(2007)编著。马歇尔的生态批评重要以马斯洛的“自我实现”为理论进行的。
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p. xvi, xix.
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p. xvi.
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p. xvi, xix.
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p. ⅹⅵ, ⅹⅹⅲ.
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p. ⅹⅹⅳ.
①马歇尔曾在2003年出版的《高峰体验》中以马斯洛的自我实现论和晚年超越性需求论为框架研究自然文学。
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.132.
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.441-2.
④ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.139.
⑤ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.192.
① Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.577.
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.218.
③ Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.456.
④ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.143.
⑤ Ian Marshall. Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.162.
① Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.586.
② Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Waiden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.533.
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.183.
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.227.
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.227.
③川本皓嗣著：《日本诗歌的传统——七与五的是诗学》,王晓平等译,译林出版社2004版。
①彭恩华著：《日本俳句史》,上海世纪出版社集团,学林出版社2004年版,第1-3页。
②切字是日文中的一种特殊的文言虚字。就其作用而言,切字是为了丰富的“也”、“哉”、“乎”等。切字的插入,将十七个音节切成五、七、五,显示分隔点,并暗示并列元素之间相互关联的方式。
③李冬君著：《落花一瞬：日本人的精神底色》,北京：北京大学出版社2007年版。
④[日]本居宣长著：《日本物哀》,王向远译,长春：吉林出版集团有限责任公司2010年版,第1,3页。
⑤叶渭渠,康月梅著：《物哀与幽玄：日本人的美意识》,桂林：广西师范大学出版社2002年版。
①郑民钦著：《和歌美学》,银川：宁夏人民出版社2008年版,第45页。
②郑民钦著：《和歌美学》,银川：宁夏人民出版社2008年版,第53页。
③ Scott Slovic, "Epistemology and Politics in American Nature Writing:Embedded Rhetoric and Discrete Rhetoric." in Carl George Herndl, Stuart Cameron Brown. Green Culture:Environmental Rhetoric in Contemporary America. Madison, Wisconsin:University of Wisconsin Press,1996.
④ Scott Slovic, Going Away to Think:Engagement, Retreat, and Ecocritical Responsibility. Reno, Nevada. University of Nevada Press,2008, p.1-10.
⑤ Jennifer K. Ladino. Reclaiming Nostalgia:Longing for Nature in American Literature. Charlottesville and London:University of Virginia Press,2012
①程虹：《永恒的瞬间——自然文学中的记忆》,载《外国文学》,第5期。
②转引自程虹：《永恒的瞬间——自然文学中的记忆》,载《外国文学》,第5期。
①“用心若镜”出自《庄子·内篇·应帝王》：“至人之用心若镜,不将不迎,应而不藏,故能胜物而不伤。意为心像明镜一样,纯粹客观地反映事物。
②李冬君著：《落花一瞬：日本人的精神底色》,北京：北京大学出版社2007年版。
① J. B. Callicott and Roger T. Ames eds. Nature in Asian Traditions of Thought:Essays in Environmental Philosophy. Albany, NY:SUNY Press,1989,2001, pp.163-83.
② Leonard Koren, Wabi-Sabi:For Artists, Designers, Poets & Philosophers, Point Reyes, CA:Imperfect Publishing,1994, p.72.
③ Andrew Juniper, Wabi Sabi:The Japanese Art of Impermanence, Tokyo:Tuttle Publishing,2003, p.11.
④ Richard R. Powell, Wabi Sabi Simple, Avan Ma.:Adams Media,2004, p.19.
① Taro Gold, Craig Taro Gold's Living Wabi Sabi, Kansas City:Andrews McMeel Publishing,2004, pp.20-21.
②能势朝次,大西克礼著：《日本幽玄》,王向远译,长春：吉林出版集团有限责任公司2011年版。
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.91.
② Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, pp. 143-80.
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.94.
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.94.
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.26.
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.27.
④艾布拉姆在《感性的魔力》中论述了线性时间观的演进及其生态关联。David Abram, The spell of the sensuous:perception and language in a more-than-human world. New York:Pantheon Books,1996, p.194.
⑤[美]马斯洛(Abraham Maslow)著：《马斯洛人本哲学》,成明译,北京：九州出版社2003年版,第250页。
Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.27.
Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.582-3.
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.220.
① Bill Devall and George Sessions. Deeoecologv. Salt Lake Citv. Utah: G.M. Smith. 1985 nn 7.25 204
② Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod. New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.461.
" Henry David Thoreau,^ Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods:Cape Cod. New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.476.
④ Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods:Cape Cod. New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.498.
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.34.
② Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.488.
③ Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.495.
① Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.540.
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.69.
③ Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.546.
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.69.
Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.572.
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.82.
① Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.336.
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.83.
①吴国盛：《时间的观念》.北京大学出版社,2006年版,北京。第83页
②吴国盛：《时间的观念》.北京大学出版社,2006年版,北京。第83页
③王昌树：《海德格尔—生存论美学》,学术出版社,2008年版,北京。第72页。
④转引自王昌树：于尔根.哈贝马斯《现代性的哲学话语》,曹卫东等译,译林出版社2004年版,第169页.
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.83.
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.90.
② Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.310.
③ Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.394.
Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.534.
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.184.
② Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.556.
③ Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.411.
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.114.
② Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.430.
③ Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.417.
④ Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.578. ①在生态批评中,地方性和全球性的争论已经成为新的议题。如在2013年10月即将在山东大学召开的“第三届海峡两岸生态文学研讨会”的第一个议题为“地方意识与全球意识”；即将发表在《求是学刊》2013年第4期斯洛维克的《调整“大地情结”的层级》也体现了对地方与全球二元问题的关注。
② Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.578.
③ Richard K.Nelson, Barry Lopez, and Terry Tempest Williams. Patriotism and the American Land. Great Barrington, MA:The Orion Society,2002, p.56.
④ Buell, Lawrence. The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.144.
⑤ Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.411.
① Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.414.
② Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.334.
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.10.
①“生态学”一词最早是由德国生物学家海克尔于1869年将两个希腊词：(‘家园’或‘家’)和(研究)组合而成。曾繁仁著：《生态存在论美学论稿》,长春：吉林人民出版社2009年版。155页。
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.41.
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.65.
④ Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.517.
⑤ Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985. p.522.
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.194.
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.155.
③ Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.423.
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.20.
② Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p,425.
③ Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimuck Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.431.
④ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.129.
① Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.526.
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.179.
③本俳句诗人松尾芭蕉提出“不易流行”。“不易”与“流行”是一种既对立又统一的关系存在。该概念受到中国哲学思想的影响,如庄子、易学、儒教、宋学等等思想的影响。是永恒之物与流变之物的辨证统一关系。类似于儒家的动静合—观Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.181.
① Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.559.
②Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.559.
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.11.
①张世英著：《进入澄明之境.哲学的新方向》,北京：商务印书馆1999年版,第213页。
Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.13.
③宗白华著：《美学散步》,上海：上海人民出版社,1981年版,第241页。
①[美]马斯洛(Abraham Maslow)著：《马斯洛人本哲学》,成明译,北京：九州出版社2003年版,第249页。
②[美]马斯洛(Abraham Maslow)著：《马斯洛人本哲学》,成明译,北京：九州出版社2003年版,第380页。
③马斯洛著：《自我实现的人》,许金声,刘峰等译,北京：三联书店1987年版,第279-287页。
④ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.13.
①[美]马斯洛(Abraham Maslow)著：《马斯洛人本哲学》,成明译,北京：九州出版社：2003年版,第324页。
②[美]马斯洛(Abraham Maslow)著：《马斯洛人本哲学》,成明译,北京：九州出版社：2003年版,第250页。
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.14.
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009. p.183.
② Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.387.
③ Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.451.
④ Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.451.
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.56.
② Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.502.
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.56.
① Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.393.
②《大学》第三章中描写黄鸟的知止精神,知止大概也是人与非人类世界重要区别之一。诗云：“邦畿千里,惟民所止。”诗云：“缗蛮黄鸟,止于丘隅。”了曰：“于止知其所止,可以人而不如鸟乎?”诗云：“穆穆文王,于(音乌)缉熙敬止。”为人君,止于仁。为人臣,止于敬。为人子,止于孝。为人父,止于慈。与国人交,止于信。子曰：“听讼,吾犹人也。必也使无讼乎?”无情者,不得尽其辞。大畏民志,此谓知本。
① Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod. New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.393-4.
② Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.394.
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.207.
① Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.569.
② Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.571.
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.209.
④ Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.586.
⑤ Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.587.
⑥ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.225.
①海斯被认为是美国生态批评三大代表之一,另外两位是斯洛维克和布伊尔。她是生态批评第三次浪潮的弄潮儿,急先锋。是生态后现代主义的代言人。海斯的生态批评以理论深度和逻辑严密著称,著有《时间组织分裂：时间,叙事,后现代主义》(1997),《地方感和全球感》(2008)。
①唐建南,郭楼庆：《生态批评中的地方研究》,载《外国语文》,2012年4月,第28卷第2期,第31-35页。
① Scott Slovic, "Re-Scaling Geo-Loyalty:Considering Expressions of Trans-Scalar Thinking." Unpublished中文版即将于2013年5月发表。
① Scott Slovic, "Re-Scaling Geo-Loyalty:Considering Expressions of Trans-Scalar Thinking." Unpublished.
① Scott Slovic, Re-Scaling Geo-Loyalty:Considering Expressions of Trans-Scalar Thinking. Unpublished.
② Ursula K. Heise, "Among the Everywheres." And "Toxic Bodies Corporate Poisons." in Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York:Oxford UP,2008, pp.68-90; 160-177.
③ Scott Slovic, Re-Scaling Geo-Loyalty:Considering Expressions of Trans-Scalar Thinking. Unpublished.
①来自未发表的手稿,见Scott Slovic, "Re-Scaling Geo-Loyalty:Considering Expressions of Trans-Scalar Thinking." Unpublished.。
② Ursula K. Heise, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, p.22.
①Slavic, Scott. Re-Scaling Geo-Loyalty:Considering Expressions of Trans-Scalar Thinking. Unpublished Paper.
②Gary Snyder, A Place in Space:Ethics, Aesthetics, and Watersheds. Washigton, D.C.:Counterpoint,1995, p. 210; Scott Slovic, Re-Scaling Geo-Loyalty:Considering Expressions of Trans-Scalar Thinking. Unpublished.
③Gary Snyder, "The Place, the Region, and the Commons." In the Practice of the Wild. San Francisco:North Point,1990,27.
④Ursula K. Heise, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, p.43.
⑤Heike, Ursula K. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, p.48.
① Barry Lopez, Arctic Dreams:Imagination and Desire in a Northern Landscape. New York:Charles Scribner's Sons,1986. pp.20-23.
② Scott Slovic, Re-Scaling Geo-Loyalty:Considering Expressions of Trans-Scalar Thinking. Unpublished.
① Scott slovic,Re-Scaling Geo-Loyalty:Considering Expressions of Trans-Scalar Thinking.Unpublished Paper.
② Ecozon@1.1(April 2010)
① Lawrence Buell, "Space, Place, and Imagination from Local to Global." The Future of Environmental Criticism. Maiden, MA:Blackwell,2005.63.
② Lawrence Buell, "Space, Place, and Imagination from Local to Global." The Future of Environmental Criticism. Malden, MA:Blackwell,2005.66.
③ Scott Slovic, "The Third Wave." Ecozon@ 1.1 (April 2010)
④ Scott Slovic, "The Third Wave." Ecozon@ 1.1 (April 2010)
⑤ Goodbody, A,2011. The Nomad as Theoretical and Literary Model of Ecological Inhabitation in a Globalised World. In:Oppermann, S., Ozdag, U., Ozkan, N. and Slovic, S., eds. The Future of Ecocriticism:New Horizons. Newcastle upon Tyne:Cambridge Scholars, pp.82-99.
① Mitchell Thomashow, Bringing the Biosphere Home:Learning to Perceive Global Environmental Change. Cambridge, MA:MIT P,2002. p.106.
② Ursula K. Heise, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, p.49.
③ Ursula K. Heise, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, p.37-8.
④ Ursula K. Heise, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, p.40.
① Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Maiden, MA:Blackwell,2005. pp.62-63. see:Scott Slovic, Re-Scaling Geo-Loyalty:Considering Expressions of Trans-Scalar Thinking. Unpublished.
② Ursula K. Heise, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, pp.42,45.
① Tuan, Yi-Fu. "American Space, Chinese Place." Eds. Lee and Kellev Brandon. Sentences Paragraphs, and Beyond.6th ed. Boston:Cengage Learning,2011. p.24.
② Ursula K. Heise, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, pp.36-7.
③ Tuan, Yi-Fu. "Place:An Experiential Perspective," The Geographical Review LXV.2 (April 19751:151-65. p.152.
①段义孚2005年11北师大就职演说。1 December 2012. http.....http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog 53dbe24b010137cx.html。
② Heike, Ursula K. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, pp.3,8.
① Ursula K. Heise, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008.p.6,7.
① Heike, Ursula. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford d UP,2008.p.7,50.
② Scott Slovic, Re-Scaling Geo-Loyalty:Considering Expressions of Trans-Scalar Thinking. Unpublished.
① Buell, Lawrence. The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p,56.
①张在新,《笛福小说(罗克珊娜>对性别代码的解域》,载《外国文学评论》,1997年第4期,第98-10R页
② Ursula. K. Heise, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York-Oxford UP,2008, p.205.
③如体现在美国西部边疆文学中的新生物地域主义。参见Lynch, Tom. Xerophilia:Ecocritical Explorations in Southwestern Literature. Lubbock:Texas Tech UP,2008.
①“解域”是后现代理论中的一个概念,后文将对此概念进行具体解释。作为叙述手法的解域主要是体现在拼贴(collage)、变焦(zooming)、反题(Antithesis)并置(juxtapozation)、蒙太奇(montage)、装置艺术(installation)、视觉艺术(visual art)、数据库美学(database aesthetics)、寓言(allegory)等。这些手法将在下文生态艺术文本的解读中进行具体阐释。
① A.Goodbody, "The Nomad as Theoretical and Literary Model of Ecological Inhabitation in a Globalised World." In:Oppermann, S., Ozdag, U., Ozkan, N. and Slovic, S., Eds. The Future of Ecocriticism:New Horizons. Newcastle upon Tyne:Cambridge Scholars,2011, pp.82-99.
① Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism."Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008. p.53.
② Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008. p.55.
③ Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008. p.61.
① Heike, Ursula. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008.p.21.
①Heike, Ursula. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008.p.28.
②哲学家汉斯·乔纳斯(Han Jonas),社会学家汤姆林森(John Tomlinson)提到的一个术语。Heike, Ursula. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York:Oxford UP,2008.D. 33.
③ Heike, Ursula. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008.42
① Heike, Ursula. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008.p.30.
② Heike, Ursula. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008.p.30.
①Heike, Ursula K. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, p.48.
①Ursula K.Heise, Sense of place and sense of planet:the environmental imagination of the global, Oxford; New York, NY:Oxford University Press,2008. p.21.
② Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.62.
① Ursula K. Heise, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imasination of the Global. New York-Oxford UP,2008, pp.91-114.
② Tupian操图皮语群诸语言的南美印第安人。图皮语诸民族遍布于亚马逊河河以南的地方。原住民在亚马逊河河口到拉布拉他河之间的大西洋沿岸。
① Ursula K. Heise, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, p.95.
② Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.96.
Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.98.
① Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.101.
① Heike, Ursula. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, p.111.
② Ursula K. Heise, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, p.114.
① Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008. p.76.
① Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.78.
② Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.78.
① Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.78.
② Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.79.
① Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP.2008, p.81.
① Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008. p.82.
① Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008. p.82.
② Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.83.
③ Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.83.
① Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.83.
③ Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.84.
① Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.85.
② Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.85.
③ Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.85.
① Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.81.
①[美]利奥波德(Aldo Leopold)著：《沙乡年鉴》,侯文蕙译,长春：吉林人民出版1997年版,第47,80,113页。
① A.,Goodbody, "The Nomad as Theoretical and Literary Model of Ecological Inhabitation in a Globalised World." In:Oppermann, S., Ozdag, U., Ozkan, N. and Slovic, S., Eds. The Future of Ecocriticism:New Horizons. Newcastle upon Tyne:Cambridge Scholars,2011, pp.82-99.
① Girardot, N. J. & James Miller eds. Daoism and Ecology:Ways within a Cosmic Landscape, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.:Center for the Study of World Religions,2001, p.243.
② Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Ecc-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.21.
① John Felstiner, "Preface:The Poetry of Earth Is Never Dead." Can Poetry Save the Earth? A Field Guide to Nature Poems. New Haven:Yale UP,2009, p.ⅹⅲ
Catherine E. Rigby. Topographies of the Sacred:The Poetics Of Place In European Romanticism, Charlottesville and London:University of Virginia Press,2004, pp.258-9.
①雷毅著：《深层生态学思想研究》,清华大学出版社2012年版,第136-137页。
②[德]马克思(Karl Marx)著：《1844年经济学哲学手稿》,北京：人民出版社年版,第58页。
①怀宏主编：《生态伦理——精神资源与哲学基础》,保定：河北大学出版社2002年版,第506
②在马斯洛的“类本能”理论看来,人的基本需求是变化着的,处十进化之中的。人的超越性需求则正是人的进化的休现,这种需求类似于人的其它本能。换言之,超越性的需求是进化的产物。而超越性需求的有无或高低反过来也可以衡量一个人的进化程度。超越性需求等层次较高的需求与先天遗传的联系更弱,对于后天环境的依赖则更大。但也不排除高层次的需求也与遗传有关系。而这也正反驳了人与动物无异的说法。因为,超越性不能作为动物的标志。而作为人的标志则更为合理。和其它基本需求一样,超越性需求的遮蔽会带来一些疾病。所以我们要J’解、察觉自己的超越性需求并为它的实现创造条件。
③[英]戴维·佩珀著：《生态社会主义：从深生态学到社会正义》,济南：山东大学出版社,第141页。
④曾繁仁著：《生态存在论美学论稿》,长春：吉林人民出版社,2009年版,第47-48页。
①[美]戴斯·贾丁斯著：《环境伦理学——环境哲学导论(第三版)》,北京：北京大学出版社2002年版,第253页。
②[德]莫尔特曼著《创造中的上帝——生态的创造论》,北京：三联书店第2002年版,第29-30页。
③[法]阿尔贝特·史怀洋(Albert Schweitzer)著：《敬畏生命》,陈洋环译,上海：上海社会科学院出版社1996年版,第10页。
④[法]阿尔贝特·史怀洋(Albert Schweitzer)著：《敬畏生命》,陈泽环译,上海：上海社会科学院出版社1996年版,第253页。
⑤[日]池田大作[英]汤因比著：《展望21世纪》,北京：国际文化出版公司1985年版,第13页。
Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.227.
①应该承认,在现实社会中,实现“生态大我”比任何时代都要举步维艰。我们的娱乐方式比任何时候都要丰富,但我们的成功标准比任何时代都要单调。物质上的成功可以满足包括身休的基本需求、安全感需求、爱的需求、尊重的需求之内的需求。除此之外,纵使一个人身怀绝技,如果不能兑换为金钱或地位,那么他是一个零。我们成为这个单一成功标准的牺牲品的同时也成为了它的帮凶。不仅如此,自身的强大使人类比任何时候都陷入自我。小知从什么时候起,我们已经丧失了崇拜某个我们自身之外事物的习惯,忘记了美国神学家尼布尔所说的那句话：我们只有在自我之外的某个中心才能找到自我。孤立的自我,意味着没有自我。
② Jeffrey F. Meyer, "Salvation in the Garden:Daoism and Ecology." in Girardot, N. J.& James Miller eds. Daoism and Ecology:Ways within a Cosmic Landscape, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.:Center for the Study of World Religions,2001, pp.219-37.
③Effrey F. Meyer, "Salvation in the Garden:Daoism and Ecology." in Girardot, N. J. & James Miller eds. Daoism and Ecology:Ways within a Cosmic Landscape, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.:Center for the Study of World Religions,2001, pp.219-37.
④[美]马斯洛(Abraham Maslow)著：《马斯洛人本哲学》,成明译,北京：九州出版社2003年版,第380页。
①劳伦斯·布伊尔,韦清琦,《打开中美生态批评的对话窗口——访劳伦斯·布伊尔》,载《文艺研究》2004年第1期,第64-70页。
①劳伦斯·布伊尔,韦清琦,《打开中美生态批评的对话窗口——访劳伦斯·布伊尔》,载《文艺研究》2004年第1期,第64-70页。
② Bate, Jonathan. The Song of the Earth. Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,2000, p.37-8.
③ Michael E Zimmerman and J. Baird Callicott, Environmental Philosophy:from Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice Hall,1998, p.13.
[英]阿诺德(Matthew Arnold)著：《文化与无政府状态：政治与社会批评》(修订译本),北京：生活·读书·新知三联书店2008年版。
安乐哲(Mary Evelyn Tucker)等编：《道教与生态：宇宙景观的内在之道》,南京：江苏教育出版社2008年版。
安乐哲(Mary Evelyn Tucker)等编：《佛教与生态》,南京：江苏教育出版社2008年版。
安乐哲(Mary Evelyn Tucker)等编：《儒学与生态》,南京：江苏教育出版社2008年版。
[美]西格德·F·奥尔森著：《低吟的荒野》,程虹译,北京：三联书店2012年版。
[日]本居宣长著：《日本物哀》,王向远译,长春：吉林出版集团有限责任公司2010年版。
[英]埃德蒙·伯克(Edmund Burke)著：《关于我们崇高与美观念之根源的哲学探讨》,郭飞译,郑州：大象出版社2010年版。
[美]阿诺德·伯林特(Arnold Berleant)著：《生活在景观中：走向一种环境美学》,
陈盼译 ,长沙：湖南科学技术出版社2006年版。
[德]马丁·布伯(Martin Buber):《我与你》,陈维刚译,北京：三联书店2002年版。
[法]莫里斯·布朗肖(Maurice Blanchot)著,布朗肖《文学空间》,顾嘉琛译,北京：商务印书馆2003版。
程虹著：《宁静无价》,上海：上海人民出版社,2009年版。
程虹著：《寻归荒野》(增订版),北京：三联书店,2011年版。
陈李波著：《城市美学四题》,北京：中国电力出版社2009年版。
陈望衡著：《环境美学》,武汉：武汉大学出版社2007年版。
陈炎,赵玉,李琳著：《儒、释、道的生态智慧与艺术诉求》,北京：人民文学出版社2012年版。
[日]川本浩嗣著：《日本诗歌的传统》,王晓平等译,译林出版社2004年版。
丁来先著：《自然美的审美人类学研究》,桂林：广西师范大学出版社2006年版。
[美]艾伦·杜宁(Alan Durning)著：《多少算够》,毕聿译,长春：吉林人民出版社1997年版。
杜维明著：《现代性与物欲的释放—杜维明先生访谈录》,北京：中国人民大学出版2009年版。
方东美著：《生生之美》,李溪编,北京：北京大学出版社2009年版。
[英]迈克尔·费瑟斯通(Michael Featherstone)著：《消费文化与后现代主义》,刘精明译,南京：江苏人民出版社2000年版。
冯雷著：《理解空间：现代空间观念的批判与重构》,北京：中央编译出版社2008年版。
冯友兰著：《冯友兰谈哲学》,北京：当代世界出版社2006年版。
傅松雪著：《时间美学导论》,济南：山东人民出版社2009年版。
[美]弗兰克·G·戈布尔著：《第三思潮》,吕明,陈红雯译,上海：上海译文出版社2006年版。
高旭东著：《中西文学与哲学宗教》,北京：北京大学出版社2004年版。
郭淑新著：《敬畏伦理研究》,合肥：安徽人民出版社2007年版。
[美]罗伯特·波格·哈里森(Robert Pogue Harrison)著：《花园：谈人之为人》,苏薇星译,北京：生活、读书、新知三联书店2011年版。
[德]海德格尔(Martin Heidegger)著：《人、诗意地栖居——海德格尔语要》,
郜元宝译,张汝伦校,上海：上海远东出版社1995年版。
何光沪著：《百川归海：走向全球宗教哲学》,北京：中国社会科学出版社2008年版。
何怀宏主编：《生态伦理——精神资源与哲学基础》,保定：河北大学出版社2002年版。
[日]今道友信著：《关于美》,哈尔滨：黑龙江人民出版社1983年版。
雷毅著：《深层生态学：阐释与整合》,上海：上海交通大学出版社2012年版。
李冬君著：《落花一瞬：日本人的精神底色》,北京：北京大学出版社2007年版。
李健著：《审美乌托邦的想象：从韦伯到法兰克福学派的审美救赎之路》,北京：社会科学文献出版社2009年版。
李泽厚著：《美的历程》,天津：天津社会科学院出版社2001年版。
[美]利奥波德(Aldo Leopold)著：《沙乡年鉴》,侯文蕙译,长春：吉林人民出版1997年版。
林可济著：《“天人合一”与“主客二分”：中西哲学比较的重要视角》,北京：社会科学文献出版社2010年版。
鲁枢元著：《生态批评的空间》,上海：华东师大出版社2006年版。
鲁枢元著：《生态文艺学》,西安：陕西人民教育出版社2000年版。
鲁枢元主编：《走进大林莽：四十位人文学者的生态话语》,上海：上海文艺出版社,2008年版。
陆扬著：《日常生活审美化批判》,上海：复旦大学出版社2012版。
[美]霍尔姆斯·罗尔斯顿(Holmes Rolston Ⅲ))著：《哲学走向荒野》,刘耳等译,长春：吉林人民出版社2000年版。
[美]理查德·洛夫(Richard Louv)著：《林间最后的小孩：拯救自然缺失症儿童》,自然之友译,长沙：湖南科学技术出版社2010年版。
罗益民著：《时间的镰刀》,成都：四川辞书出版社2004年版。
马大康等著：《文学时间研究》,北京：中国社会科学出版社2008年版。
马鹏翔：《冯友兰“天地境界说”与马斯洛“自我实现论”比较研究》,参：胡军编《反思与境界：纪念冯友兰先生诞辰110周年暨冯友兰学术国际研讨会文集丛》,北京：北京大学出版社2008年版。
[美]马斯洛(Abraham Maslow)著：《马斯洛人本哲学》,成明译,北京：九洲出版社2003年版。
[美]马斯洛(Abraham Maslow)著：《人性能达到的境界》,马良诚等译,西安：陕西师范大学出版社2010年版。
[美]比尔·麦克基本著：《自然的终结》,孙晓春,马树林译,长春：吉林人民出 版社2000年版。
[美]麦茜特(Carolyn Merchant)著：《自然之死》,吴国盛等译,长春：吉林人民出版社1999年版。
蒙培元著：《人与自然——中国哲学生态观》,北京：人民出版社2004年版。
[法]莫里斯.梅洛-庞蒂(Maurice Merleau-Ponty)著：《知觉现象学》,姜志辉译,北京：商务印书馆,2005年版。
彭修银著：《东方美学》,北京：人民出版社,出版时间2008年版。
[澳大利亚]薇尔·普鲁姆德(Val Plumwood)著：《女性主义与对自然的主宰》,马天杰,李丽丽译,重庆：重庆出版社2007年版。
钱俊生,余谋昌主编：《生态哲学》,北京：中共中央党校出版社2004年版。
[德]汉斯·萨克塞(Hans Sachsse)著：《生态哲学》,文韬、佩云译,上海：东方出版社1991年版。
[俄]列夫·舍斯托夫(Lev Shestov)著：《在约伯的天平上》,董友,徐荣庆,刘继岳译,上海：上海人民出版社2004年版。
[法]阿尔贝特·史怀泽(Albert Schweitzer)著：《敬畏生命》,陈泽环译,上海：上海社会科学院出版社1996年版。
[美]舒斯特曼(Richard Shusterman)著：《身体意识与身体美学》,程相占译,北京：商务印书馆,2011年版。
苏琪著：《艺术心理学原理》,济南：山东教育出版社2008年版。
[美]索杰(Edward W.Soja)著：《第三空间：去往洛杉矶和其他真实和想象地方的
旅程》,包亚明编, 陆扬,刘佳林,朱志荣等译,北京：上海教育出版社2005年。
黄见德,汤一介著：《世纪西方哲学东渐史》,北京：首都师范大学出版社2007年版。
汪树东著：《生态意识与中国当代文学》,北京：中国社会科学出版社2008年版。
王茜著：《生态文化的审美之维》,上海：上海人民出版社2007年版。
王树人著：《中国传统智慧与艺魂》,武汉：武汉出版社2006年版。
王旭晓编：《自然审美基础》,长沙：中南大学出版社2008年版。
王岳川著：《大学中庸讲演录》,桂林：广西师范大学出版社2008年版。
王岳川著：《当代西方最新文论教程》,上海：复旦大学出版社2008年版。
王岳川著：《书法文化精神》,北京：北京大学出版社2008年版。
王岳川著：《艺术本体论》北京：中国社会科学出版社2005年版。
王岳川主编：《中国后现代话语》,广州：中山大学出版社2004年版。
吴国盛著：《时间的观念》,北京：北京大学出版社2006年版。
[英]约翰·希克(John Harwood Hick)著：《宗教哲学》,钱永祥译, 台北：三民书局1983年版。
夏光著：《东亚现代性与西方现代性——从文化的角度看》,北京：生活·读书·新知三联书店2005版。
先刚著：《永恒与时间：谢林哲学研究》,北京：商务印书馆2008年版。
辛然著：《未妨惆怅是清狂——唐诗中的美丽与哀愁》,西安：陕西师范大学出版社2007年版。
徐恒醇著：《生态美学》,西安：陕西人民教育出版社2000年版。
杨大春著：《杨大春讲梅洛-庞蒂》,北京：北京大学出版社2005年版。
叶渭渠,康月梅著：《物哀与幽玄：日本人的美意识》,桂林：广西师范大学出版社2002年版。
余谋昌著：《生态伦理学：从理论走向实践》,北京：首都师范大学出版社1999年版。
杨韶刚著：《超个人心理学》上海：上海教育出版社2006年版。
袁鼎生著：《生态艺术哲学》,北京：商务印书馆2007年版。
曾繁仁著：《生态存在论美学论稿》,长春：吉林人民出版社2003年版。
曾繁仁著：《生态美学导论》,北京：商务印书馆2010年版。
曾永成著：《文艺的绿色之思——文艺生态学引论》,北京：人民文学出版社2000年版。
张国庆著：《中国古代美学要题新论》,北京：中央编译出版社2010年版。
章海荣著：《生态伦理与生态美学》,上海：复旦大学出版社2005年版。
张华著：《生态美学及其在当代中国的建构》,高旭东编,北京：中华书局2006年版。
张世英著：《进入澄明之境：哲学的新方向》,北京：商务印书馆1999年版。
张世英著：《天人之际——中西哲学的困惑与选择》,北京：人民出版社2007年版。
张炜著：《绿色遥思》,北京：生活·读书·新知三联书店2010年版。
郑民钦著：《和歌美学》,银川：宁夏人民出版社2008年版。
赵勇著：《整合与颠覆：大众文化的辩证法——法兰克福学派的大众文化理论》,北京：北京大学出版社2005年版。
朱光潜著：《谈美》,北京：金城出版社2006年版。
朱光潜著：《西方美学史》,北京：人民文学出版社,2002年版。
朱良志著：《中国艺术的生命精神》,合肥：安徽教育出版社2006年版。
曾建平著：《环境正义》,济南：山东人民出版社2007版。
宗白华著：《美学散步》,上海：上海人民出版社,1981年版。
Abbey, Edward. Desert Solitaire:A Season in the Wilderness. New York:Ballantine Books,1971.
Abram, David. The Spell of the Sensuous:Perception and Language in a More-than-human World. New York:Vintage,1997.
Admson, Joni, Mei Mei Evans, and Rachel Stein, eds. The Environmental Justice Reader:Politics, Poetics, and Pedagogy. Tucson:U of Arizon Press,2002.
Alaimo, Stacy. "Trans-corporeal Feminisms and the Ethical Space of Nature." Material Feminisms. Ed. Stacy Alaimo and Susan Hekman. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press,2008.
Anderson, E.N. Ecologies of the Heart:Emotion, Belief, and the Environment. New York:Oxford University Press, c1996.
Antonsich, Marco. Territory and Identity in the Age of Globalization:The Case of Western Europe, ProQuest,2007.
Armbruster, Karla Kathleen R. Wallace, Beyond Nature Writing:Expanding the Boundaries of Ecocriticism, Charlottesville and London:University of Virginia Press,2001.
Baldwin, Thomas. Reading Merleau-Ponty:On Phenomenology of Perception. New edition. New York:Routledge,2007.
Barnhill, David Landis. At Home on the Earth:Becoming Native to Our Place:a Multicultural Anthology. Berkley, Los Angels California:University of California Press,1999.
Barnhill, David, and Roger Gottlieb, eds. Deep Ecology and World Religions:New Essays on Sacred Ground. Albany, NY:SUNY,2001.
Bate, Jonathan. The Song of the Earth. Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press, 2000.
Baxter, Brian. Ecologism:An Introduction. Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press, 1999.
Begiebing, Robert J, Grumbling, Owen, The Literature of Nature:The British and American Traditions. Medford, NJ:Plexus Publishing, Inc.,1990.
Bennett, Michael & David Warfield Teague, The Nature of Cities:Ecocriticism and Urban Environments. Tucson, Arizona:University of Arizona Press,1999.
Berman, Morris, The Reenchantment of the World. Toronto:Bantam Books,1984.
Botkin, Daniel B. No Man's Garden:Thoreau And A New Vision For Civilization And Nature, Washington, D.C.,:Island Press,2000.
Branch, Michael P. The Isle Reader:Ecocriticism,1993-2003. Athens:University of Georgia Press,2003.
Buell, Lawrence. The Environmental Imagination. Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995.
Buell, Lawrence. The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005.
Buell, Lawrence. Literary Transcendentalism:Style and Vision in The American Renaissance. Ithaca and London:Cornell University Press,1973.
Buell, Lawrence. Writing for an Endangered World. MA.:The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,2001.
Callicott, J. Baird, and Roger T. Ames eds. Nature in Asian Traditions of Thought: Essays in Environmental Philosophy. Albany, NY:SUNY Press,2001.
Capra, Fritjof. Uncommon Wisdom:Conversations with Remarkable People. New York:Simon and Schuster, c1988.
Carroll, Joseph. Literary Darwinism:Evolution, Human Nature, and Literature. New York:Routledge,2004.
Carroll, Jerome. Art at the Limits of Perception:The Aesthetic Theory of Wolfgang Welsch. Bern:Peter Lang,2006.
Carroll, Joseph. Reading Human Nature:Literary Darwinism in Theory and Practice. Albany, NY:State University of New York Press,2011.
Carson, Rachel. The Sense of Wonder. New edition. New York:Harper Collins,1998.
Curtis L. Carter,ed. International Yearbook of Aesthetics, Vol.13,2009
Coupe, Laurence. The Green Studies Reader:from Romanticism to Ecocriticism. New York:Routledge,2000.
Dawkins, Richard. The Selfish Gene:30th Anniversary Edition. Oxford:Oxford UP, 2006.
Deming, Alison Hawthorne, Writing the Sacred into the Real. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Milkweed Editions,2001.
Deutsch, Eliot. Studies in Comparative Aesthetics. Honolulu:University of Hawaii Press,1975.
Devall, Bill & George Sessions. Deep ecology. Salt Lake City, Utah:G.M. Smith,1985.
Dillard, Annie, Encounters with Chinese Writers. Middletown, Connecticut:Wesleyan University Press,1984.
Dillard, Annie. For the Time Being. New York, NY:Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2000.
Dillard, Annie, Pilgrim at Tinker Creek, New York:Harper Perennial, a Division of Harper Collins Publishers,1974.
Dillard, Annie. The Writing Life. New York:Harper & Row, Publishers,1989.
Doerr, Marilyn. Currere and the Environmental Autobiography:a Phenonmenological Approach to the Teaching of Ecology. Bern:Peter Lang,2004.
Dolis, John & Fairleigh Dickinson. Tracking Thoreau:Double-Crossing Nature And Technology. Rutherford, NJ:Fairleigh Dickinson University Press,2005.
Drengson, Alan & Yuichi Inoue. The Deep Ecology Movement:An Introductory Anthology. Berkeley, CA:North Atlantic Books,1995.
Eccy, De Jonge. Spinoza and Deep Ecology:Challenging Traditional Approaches to Environmentalism. Burlington, VT:Ashgate,2004.
Elkholy, Sharin N. ed. The Philosophy of the Beats. Lexington:University Press of Kentucky, c2012.
Essen, Carl von. Ecomysticism:The Profound Experience of Nature as Spiritual Guide. Inner Traditions/Bear & Co,2010.
Felttwell, John. The Naturalist's Garden. Forward by Anthony Huxley. Topsfield Mass.: Salem House Publishers,1987.
Ferry, Luc. The New Ecological Order. Chicago, Illinois:University of Chicago Press, 1995.
Finch, Robert & John Elder, eds. The Norton Book of Nature Writing. New York: Norton.2002.
Fox, Warwick. Toward a Transpersonal Ecology:Developing New Foundations for Environmentalism. Albany, NY:SUNY Press,1990.
Fromm, Erich. On Being Human. London and New York City:Continuum International Publishing Group,1997.
Fromm, Harold. The Nature of Being Human:from Environmentalism to Consciousness. Baltimore, Md.:Johns Hopkins University Press, c2009.
Jeffers, Robinson. "Oh Lovely Rock." The Wild God of the World. Ed. Albert Gelpi. Stanford, CA:Stanford UP,2003.
Koren, Leonard. Wabi-Sabi:For Artists, Designers, Poets & Philosophers. Point Reyes, CA.:Imperfect Publishing,1994.
Garrard, Greg. Ecocriticism. London:Taylor & Francis Group,2011.
Gergen, Kenneth J. Relational Being:Beyond Self and Community:Beyond Self and Community. New York:Oxford University Press,2009.
Girardot, N. J. & James Miller eds. Daoism and Ecology:Ways within a Cosmic Landscape. Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.:Center for the Study of World Religions,2001.
Glotfelty, Cheryll, and Harold Fromm, eds., The Ecocriticism Reader:Landmarks in Literary Ecology. Athens:University of Georgia P,1996.
Goodbody, A. "The Nomad as Theoretical and Literary Model of Ecological Inhabitation in a Globalised World." In:Oppermann, S., Ozdag, U.; Ozkan, N. and Slovic, S., eds. The Future of Ecocriticism:New Horizons. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars,2011.
Gore, Al. An Inconvenient Truth. Emmaus, Pennsylvania:Rodale,2006.
Gottlieb, Roger S. This Sacred Earth:Religion, Nature, Environment. New York: Routledge,1996
Gottschall, Jonathan & David Sloan Wilson. The Literary Animal:Evolution and the Nature of Narrative. Evanston, Illinois:Northwestern University Press,2005.
Harrison, Robert Pogue. Gardens:An Essay on the Human Condition. Chicago, Illinois. University of Chicago Press,2008.
Heise, Ursula. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York:Oxford UP,2008.
Heise, Ursula K. Chronoschisms:Time, Narrative, and Postmodernism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1997.
Herman, A. L. Community, Violence, and Peace:Aldo Leopold, Mohandas K. Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Gautama the Buddha in the Twenty-First Century.Albany, NY:SUNY Press,1999.
Herndl, A., Carl George & Stuart Cameron Brown. Green Culture:Environmental Rhetoric in Contemporary America. Madison, Wisconsin:Univ of Wisconsin Press,1996.
Huxley, Aldous. The Perennial Philosophy. London:Chatto and Windus,1958.
Iyer, Pico. The Global Soul:Jet Lag, Shopping Malls, and the Search for Home. New York:Vintage,2000.
Izutsu and Toyo, Toshiko. The Theory of Beauty in the Classical Aesthetics of Japan. Boston:Martinus Nijhoff,1981.
Jeffers, Robinson. The Collected Poetry of Robinson Jeffers. Stanford, Calif.:Stanford University Press,2002.
Karman, James. Robinson Jeffers:Poet of California. Ashland OR.:Story Line Press, 1995.
Katz, Eric, Andrew Light & David Rothenberg eds. Beneath the Surface:Critical Essays in the Philosophy of Deep Ecology. Cambridge, Mass.:MIT Press,2000.
Keulartz, Jozef. Struggle for Nature:a Critique of Radical Ecology. Translated by Rob Kuitenbrouwer. London; New York:Routledge,1998.
Krutch, Joseph Wood, Henry David Thore.au, New York:W. Sloane Associates 1948.
Ladino, Jennifer K.. Reclaiming Nostalgia:Longing for Nature in American Literature. Charlottesville and London:University of Virginia Press,2012
Lafleur, William. The Karma of Words:Buddhism and the Literary Arts in Medieval Japan. Berkeley:University of California Press,1983.
Leftow, Brian. Time and Eternity. Ithaca and London:Cornell U P,1991.
Leopold, Aldo & Charles Walsh Schwartz. Sand County Almanac:And Sketches Here and There. New York:Oxford University Press,1989.
Love, Glen A. Practical Ecocriticism:Literature, Biology, and the Environment, Charlottesville and London:University of Virginia Press,2003.
Lutts, Ralph H. The Nature Fakers:Wildlife, Science & Sentiment.Berkley, Los Angels California:University of Virginia Press,2001.
Lynch, Tom, Cheryll Glotfelty & Karla Armbruster. The Bioregional Imagination: Literature, Ecology, and Place. Athens, Georgia:University of Georgia Press, 2012.
Lynch, Tom. Xerophilia:Ecocritical Explorations in Southwestern Literature. Lubbock: Texas Tech UP,2008.
Macy, Joanna & Molly Young Brown. Coming Back to Life:Practices to Reconnect Our Lives, Our world. Foreword by Matthew Fox. Gabriola Island, BC, Canada; Stony Creek, CT.:New Society Publishers, c1998.
Mandoki, Katya. Everyday Aesthetics:Prosaics, the Play of Culture and Social Identities. Burlington, VT:Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.,2007.
Marra, Michael ed. Modern Japanese Aesthetics:A Reader. Honoiulu:University of Hawaii Press,1999.
Marsh, G. Perkins. Man and Nature:Or, Physical Geography as Modified by Human Action. Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1965.
Marshall, Ian. Story Line:Exploring the Literature of the Appalachian Trail. Charlottesville and London:University of Virginia Press,1998.
Marshall, Ian. Peak Experiences:Walking Meditations on Literature, Nature, and Need. Charlottesville and London:University, Press of Virginia,2003.
Marshall, Ian. Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009.
Marx, Leo. The Machine in the Garden:Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America. New York:Oxford University Press,1980.
Maslow, Abraham H. Religions, values, and peak-experiences. NewYork:The Viking Press,1973.
Maslow, Abraham H. The Farther Reaches of Human Nature. NewYork:The Viking Press,1971.
Mathews, Freya. The Ecological Self. London:Taylor & Francis Group,1991.
Mclntosh, James. Thoreau as Romantic Naturalist:His Shifting Stance toward Nature. Ithaca and London:Cornell University Press,1974.
Morton, Timothy Ecology Without Nature:Rethinking Environmental Aesthetics. Harvard University Press,2007.
Naess, Arne & David Rothenberg. Ecology, Community and Lifestyle:Outline of an Ecosophy. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1990.
Naess, Arne, Alan R. Drengson & Harold Glasser. The Selected Works of Arne Naess: Volumes 1-10. Dordrecht, The Netherlands:Springer,2005.
Naess, Arne. Spinoza and the Deep Ecology Movement Spinoza and the Deep Ecology Movement. Delft, The Netherlands:Eburon.1993.
Nabhan, Gary Paul & Stephen Trimble. The Geography of Childhood:Why Children Need Wild Places. Boston:Beacon Press.1994.
Nash, Roderick. Wilderness and the American Mind. Fourth Edition. New Haven and London:Yale University Press,2001.
Neville, Robert C. Eternity and Time's Flow. Albany, NY:SUNY Press,1993.
Oelschlaeger, Max. The Idea of Wilderness:From Prehistory to the Age of Ecology. New Heaven:Yale University Press,1991.
Odin, Steve. Artistic Detachment in Japan and the West. Honolulu:University of Hawaii,2001.
Oldmeadow. Harry. Frithjof Schuon and the Perennial Philosophy. Bloomington, Indiana:World Wisdom, Inc,2010.
Ornstein, Robert, and Paul Ehrlich. New World New Mind:Moving Toward Conscious Evolution. New York:Doubleday,1989.
Peterson, Anna L. Being Human:Ethics, Environment, and Our Place in the World. Berkley, Los Angels California:University of California Press,2001.
Peterson, Anna L. Everyday Ethics and Social Change:The Education of Desire. New York Chichester, West Sussex:Columbia University Press,2009.
Phillips, Dana. The Truth of Ecology:Nature, Culture, and Literature in America. New York:Oxford University Press,2003.
Piaget, Jean & Barbel Inhelder. Child's Conception of Space:Selected Works. New York: Routledge,1997.
Plumwood,Val. Environmental Culture:The Ecological Crisis of Reason. New York: Routledge,2002.
Plumwood, Val. Feminism and the Mastery of Nature. New York:Routledge,1993.
Rigby, Catherine E. Topographies of the Sacred:The Poetics Of Place In European Romanticism.Charlottesville and London:University of Virginia Press,2004.
Robinson, David. Natural Life:Thoreau's Worldly Transcendentalism. Ithaca and London:Cornell University Press,2004.
Rudy, John G., Wordsworth and the Zen Mind:The Poetry of Self-Emptying. Albany: State U of New York P,1996.
Sanders, Scott Russell. Staying Put:Making a Home in a Restless World. Beacon Press, 1994.
Slovic, Scott. Getting Over the Color Green:Contemporary Environmental Literature of the Southwest. Tucson, Arizona:University of Arizona Press,2001.
Slovic, Scott. Going Away to Think:Engagement, Retreat, and Ecocritical Responsibility. Reno, Nevada. University of Nevada Press,2008.
Slovic, Scott. Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah: University of Utah Press,1992.
Sessions, George. Deep Ecology for the Twenty-First Century:Readings on the Philosophy and Practice of the New Environmentalism. Boston:Shambhala. 1995.
Schneider, Richard J. Thoreau's sense of place Iowa City, Iowa:University Of Iowa Press,2000.
Scheese, Don. Nature Writing:The Pastoral Impulse in America. New York:Twayne Publishers,1996.
Shusterman, Richard. Body Consciousness:A Philosohy of Mindfulness and Somaesthetics. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2008.
Snyder, Gary. A Place in Space:Ethics, Aesthetics, and Watersheds. Washigton, D.C.: Counterpoint,1995, p.210.
Spretnak, Charlene. The Resurgence of the Real:Body, Nature and Place in a Hypermodern World. London:Taylor & Francis Group,2012.
Stace, Walter T. The Teachings of Mystics. New York:The New American Library, 1960.
Suzuki, D.T. Zen and Japanese Culture. Princeton:Princeton University Press,1973
Swearer, Donald K.& Susan Lloyd McGarry, eds. Ecology and the Environment: Perspectives from the Humanities. Cambridge, Mass.:Center for the Study of World Religions, Distributed by Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press, c2009.
Thoreau, Henry David. A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod. New York City:The Library of America,1985.
Toadvine, Ted. Merleau-Ponty's Philosophy of Nature. Evanston, Ⅲinois: Northwestern University Press,2009.
Tuan, Yi-Fu. Topophilia:a Study of Environmental Perception, Attitudes, and Values. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice-Hall,1974.
Tuan, Yi-Fu. Cosmos and Hearth——A Cosmopolite's Viewpoint. Minneapolis, MN.: University of Minnesota Press,1999.
Tuan, Yi-Fu. Space and Place the Perspective of Experience Space and Place:The Perspective of Experience. Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press,1977.
Vogel, Steven:Against Nature:the Concept of Nature in Critical Theory. Albany.. NY:SUNY Press,1996.
Walker, Gordon. Environmental Justice:Concepts, Evidence and Politics. Abingdon. Oxon; New York:Routledge, c2012.
Walsh, Roger, and Frances Vaughan, eds. Paths beyond ego:the transpersonal vision. Los Angeles, CA:J.P. Tarcher/Perigee,1993.
West, Rinda. "Ecopsychology and Healing." Out of the Shadow:Ecopsychology, Story, and Encounters with the Land. Charlottesville and London:University of Virginia P,2007.21-23.
Whitley,David S. The Idea of Nature in Disney Animation. Burlington, VT:Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.,2008.
Wieland, Friedemann. The Journey of the Hero:Personal Growth, Deep Ecology and the Quest for the Grail. Rancho Mirage, CA:Prism Press,1991.
Williams, Raymond. The Country and the City. New York:Oxford University Press, 1975.
Wilson, Edward Osborne. Biophilia. Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press, 1984.
Wilson, Edward O. Consilience:the Unity of Knowledge. New York:Knopf: Distributed by Random House,1998.
Wolfe, Alan. The Human Difference:Animals, Computers, and the Necessity of Social Science. Berkley, Los Angels California:University of California Press,1994.
Worster, Donald, Nature's Economy:A History of Ecological Ideas. New York: Cambridge University Press,1994.507p.
Worster, Donald. The Wealth of Nature:Environmental History and the Ecological Imagination. New York:Oxford University Press,1993.
Wyck, Peter C. Van. Primitives in the Wilderness:Deep Ecology and the Missing Human Subject. Albany:State University of New York Press, c1997.
Zimmerman, Michael. Contesting Earth's Future:Radical Ecology and Postmodernity. Berkley, Los Angeis California:University of California Press,1994.
Zimmerman, Michael E. & J. Baird Callicott, Environmental Philosophy:from Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice Hall,1998.
杨积祥：《奈斯深层生态学思想研究》,合肥工业大学硕士论文,2009年。
张玲：《从日本人的自然观来考察日本人的美意识》,上海外国语大学硕士论文,2006年。
Zhang, Hongfeng. The Endless Pilgrimage:Time and Eternity in Wordsworth's Poetry, Beijing Foreign Studies Univerity,2009.
陈红兵：《佛教生态观研究现状述评》,载《五台山研究》2008年第2期60-64页。
程虹：《荒野情结》,载《读书》2011年第2期。
程虹：《我们的村庄》,载《读书》2013年第1期。
程相占：《身体美学与日常生活中的审美活动》,载《文艺争鸣》2010年第9期。
[英]格雷格·杰拉德Greg Garrard):《生态批评与学科融合：论共栖思想》,朱利华译,载《鄱阳湖学刊》,2012年第2期,第122-128页。
杜维明：《新儒家人文主义的生态转向：对中国和世界的启发》,载《中国哲学史》2002年第2期,第5-20页。
李庆霞：《片言谁解诉秋心—试论林黛玉诗歌的追问意识》,载《海南大学学报：人文社会科学版》2002年第20卷第1期,第77-83页。
李育红,魏丽华：《冯友兰天地境界说对生态伦理学的意义》,载《甘肃联合大学学报》(社会科学版)第22卷第2期(2006年4月)第19-21页。
卢风：《天地境界说对生态伦理的启示》,载《学术月刊》2002年第4期第5-12页。
蒙培元：《为什么说中国哲学是深层生态学》,载《新视野》2002年6月。
[美]斯科特·斯洛维克(Scott Slovic):《学术期刊“走出去”：中国学术国际对话的桥梁——访<文学与环境跨学科研究>主编斯科特·斯洛维克》,载《中国社会科学报》总第392期2012年12月14日。
[美]斯科特·斯洛维克(Scott Slovic):《自然大美：中国文学中的传统生态思想》,
姜红译,载《中国社会科学报》2012年12月7日第389期。
斯科特·斯洛维克(Scott Slovic):《“调整“大地情结”的层级：一种跨层级思维模式”》苏州大学学报即出。
叶舒宪：《再论20世纪西方思想的“东方转向”》,载《文艺理论与批评》2003年第3期。
弗朗索瓦·于连：《为什么西方人研究哲学不能绕过中国》,《跨文化对话》第5辑,邹琰译,上海文化出版社2001年,第146-156、148页。
曾繁仁：《论我国新时期生态美学的产生与发展》,载《陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2009年第02期。
郑娴：《阿伦·奈斯“生态智慧T”：批判及回应》,载《兰州学刊》2007年第8期,第20-21页。
周纪文：《论和谐美学思想的理论和历史价值——周来祥和谐美学思想的发展、特色与核心观念》,载《社会科学战线》·2009年第11期。
Abram, David. "Merleau-Ponty and the Voice of the Earth." Environmental Ethics, volume 10 (1988):pp.101-120.
Armand, Barton Levi St. "The Book of Nature and American Nature Writing:Codex, Index, Contexts, Prospects." ISLE 4, no.1 (Spring 1997):29-42.
Biehl, Janet and Murray Bookchin. "Theses on Social Ecology and Deep Ecology." Left Green Perspectives, No.33 (October 1995):1.
Gaard, Greta. "Ecofeminism Revisited:Rejecting Essentialism and Replacing Species in a Material Feminist Environmentalism." Feminist Formations 23:2 (2011): 26-53.
Guha, Ramachandra. "Radical American Environmentalism and Wilderness Preservation:A Third World Critique." Environmentalist Ethics 11, (spring 1989): pp.71-83.
Miller, James. "Ecology, Aesthetics and Daoist Body Cultivation." 1 December 2012. Visit www.iamesmiller.ca.
Marshall, Ian. "Tale of the Wonderful Hunt." ISLE 6, no.2 (Summer 1999):83-98.
O'Grady, John P. "How Sustainable is the Idea of Sustainability?" ISLE10, no.1 (Winter 2003):1-10.
Slovic, Scott. Re-Scaling Geo-Loyalty:Considering Expressions of Trans-Scalar Thinking. Unpublished Paper.
Slovic, Scott. "The Third Wave." Ecozon@ 1.1 (April 2010)
Slovic, Scott. "The Shape of the'I'in Ecological Context." ELN (Spring 2012).
Maiden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p.130. ② Marshall, Ian. Story Line:Exploring the Literature of the Appalachian Trail. Charlottesville and London:
University of Virginia Press,1998, p.5.
① Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Maiden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, P.98.
② Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, P.98.
③ Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, P.98.
① Fox, Warwick. Toward a Transpersonal Ecology:Developing New Foundations for Environmentalism. Albany, NY:SUNY Press,1990, p.57.
② Fox, Warwick. Toward a Transpersonal Ecology:Developing New Foundations for Environmentalism. Albany, NY:SUNY Press,1990, p.43.
①王岳川著：《当代西方最新文论教程》,上海：复旦大学出版社2008年版,第486页。
① Scott Slovic, "The Third Wave." Ecozon@ 1.1 (April 2010)
① Scott Slovic, Going Away to Think:Engagement, Retreat, and Ecocritical Responsibility. Reno, Nevada. University of Nevada Press,2008, p.94.
① Michael Bennett, "From Wide Open Spaces to Metropolitan Places:The Urban Challenge to Ecocriticism."The ISLE Reader:Ecocriticism,1993-2003. Athens, GA:University of Georgia Press, p.297.
② Michael Bennett, "From Wide Open Spaces to Metropolitan Places:The Urban Challenge to Ecocriticism."The ISLE Reader:Ecocriticism,1993-2003. At hens, G A:University of Georgia Press, pp.302.304.
③ Timothy Morton, Ecology Without Nature:Rethinking Environmental Aesthetics. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,2007, pp.2,10,13,
Daniel B. Botkin, No Man's Garden:Thoreau And A New Vision For Civilization And Nature, Washington, D.C., Island Press,2000, p.39.
② Luc Ferry, The New Ecological Order. Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1999, pp.299,62.
①雷毅著：《深层生态学：闸释与整合》,上海：上海交通大学出版社2012年版,第139页。
②同上,第143页。
③雷毅著：《深层生态学：闸释与整合》,上海：上海交通大学出版社2012年版,第139页。
①何怀宏主编：《生态伦理——精神资源与哲学基础》,保定：河北大学出版社2002年版,第485-531页。
②蒙培元：《为什么说中国哲学是深层生态学》,载《新视野》2002年6月。
③陈望衡：《深层生态学及其美学关照》,载《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》,2003年2月。
④张祥亭：“深层生态学视角下自我价值的实现——《啊,拓荒者!》中亚历山德拉形象解读”,载《重庆工学院学报(社会科学版)》,2009年12期。
⑤黄幼：“《瓦尔登湖》：重探梭罗的深层生态学思想”,南京师范大学博士字位论文,2004牛。
①胡碧媛：“从利己到利他——厄普顿.克莱的自我实现”, 载《当代外语研究》,2011年5月,第5期。
②程虹主要研究领域为自然文学。她十年前出版了国内第一部系统介绍评述美国自然文学的专著《寻归荒野》(三联书店,2001),出版了英美自然文学论着《宁静无价》(上海人民出版社,2009)、《寻归荒野》(增订版)(三联书店,2011),并翻译了一套美国自然文学经典《醒来的森林》(三联书店,2012)、《遥远的房屋》(三联书店,2012)、《心灵的慰藉》(三联书店,2012)、《低吟的荒野》(三联书店,2012)。
③[美]巴勒斯：《醒来的森林》(程虹译),北京：三联书店,2004年,第9页。
④程虹：《录归荒野》(增订版),北京：三联书店，2011年，第44-45页。
⑤程虹：《录归荒野》(增订版),北京：三联书店，2011年，第299
①王岳川著：《当代西方最新文论教程》,上海：复旦大学出版社2008年版,第483页。
②王岳川：“生态文学与生态批评文论”,载《北京大学学报》,2009年第02期。
①王岳川著：《当代西方最新文论教程》,上海：复旦大学出版社2008年版,第56、57页。
②王岳川著：《当代西方最新文论教程》,上海：复旦大学出版社2008年版,第56页。
③王岳川著：《当代西方最新文论教程》,上海：复旦大学出版社2008年版,第57页。
④初心即初学者的心(beginner's mind),是一个佛教术语。初心是指一颗开放的心,而不是封闭的心,是颗空的心,是颗随时准备好去接受他者的心。
① Lawrence Buell. The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p.23.
② J. B. Callicott, "Do Deconstructive Ecology and Sociobiology Undermine Leopold's Land Ethic?" in Zimmerman, Michael & E. J. Baird Callicott ed., Environmental Philosophy:from Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice Hall,1998, pp.145-164.
① J. B Callicott, "Do Deconstructive Ecology and Sociobiology Undermine Leopold's Land Ethic?" in Zimmerman, Michael & E. J. Baird Callicott ed., Environmental Philosophy:from Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice Hall,1998, pp.145-164.
② Warwick Fox, Toward a Transpersonal Ecology:Developing New Foundations for Environmentalism. Albany, NY:SUNY Press,1990. p.264.
① J. B. Callicott, "Do Deconstructive Ecology and Sociobiology Undermine Leopold's Land Ethic?" in Zimmerman, Michael & E. J. Baird Callicott ed., Environmental Philosophy:from Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice Hall,1998, pp.145-164.
②马大康等著：《文学时间研究》,北京：中国社会科学出版社2008年版,第51页。
①马大康等著：《文学时间研究》,北京：中国社会科学出版社2008年版,第33页。
②吴国盛著：《时间的观念》,北京：北京大学出版社2006年版,第85页。
①马大康等著：《文学时间研究》,北京：中国社会科学出版社2008年版,第52页。
②吴国盛著：《时间的观念》,北京：北京大学出版社2006年版,第85页。
③吴国盛著：《时间的观念》,北京：北京大学出版社2006年版,第100页。
① Scott Slovic, Going Away to Think:Engagement, Retreat, and Ecocritical Responsibility. Reno, Nevada. University of Nevada Press,2008, pp.189-211.
1晁乐红著：《中庸与中道——先秦儒家与亚里士多德伦理思想比较研究》,北京：人民出版社2010年版,第23页。
②Scott Slovic,"The Shape of the 'I' in Ecological context."ELN(Spring 2012).
① Robert Ornstein and Paul Ehrlich. New World New Mind:Moving Toward Conscious Evolution. New York: Doubleday,1989, p.74.
② Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008. p.83.
③程相占：“生态智慧与地方性审美经验”,载《江苏大学学报(社会科学版)》,2005年7月,第7卷第4期,第7-11页。
①张世英著：《进入澄明之境：哲学的新方向》,北京：商务印书馆1999年版,第213页。
② Effrey F. Meyer, "Salvation in the Garden:Daoism and Ecology." in Girardot, N. J. & James Miller eds. Duoism and Ecology:Ways within a Cosmic Landscape, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.:Center for the Study of World Religions,2001, pp.219-37.
③[美]马斯洛(Abraham Maslow)著：《马斯洛人本哲学》,成明译,北京：九州出版社2003年版,第380页。
①生态智慧T是奈斯个人的用来表达自己生态思想的说法。这个名字一方面为了纪念自己的一座小屋(Tvergastein)。生态智慧T足奈斯在登山中思行合一的结果。如果登山是“行”的过程,那么奈斯在山上用石头搭起来的小屋则是“思”的场所。另一方面这个名字也表明了奈斯谦虚开放的立场和态度。我有我的T智慧,大家可以有自己的A、B、C、D……智慧,生态智慧的应有态度是海纳百川、生生不息。“我宣布我的生态哲学T,主要目的是教育性和辨证的,我希望帮助其他人得出他们自己的哲学。Arne Naess, Alan R. Drengson & Harold Glasser. The Selected Works ofArne Naess:Volumes 1-10. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer,2005, p.52.
Arne Naess, "The Deep Ecological Movement:Some Philosophical Aspects." in Michael E. Zimmerman, J. Baird Callicott, Environmental Philosophy:from Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall,1998, pp.193-212.
Arne Naess, "Self-Realization:An Ecological Approach to Being in the World," The Fourth Keith Roby Memorial Lecture in Community Science, Murdoch University, Australia,12 March 1986, in George Sessions, Deep Ecology for the 21ST Century, Boston:Shambhala,1995:225-239.
① Arne Naess, "The Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement:A Summary", in Drengson, Alan & Yuichi Inoue. The Deep Ecology Movement:An Introductory Anthology, Berkeley, CA:North Atlantic Books, 1995, pp.3-9.
② Val Plumwood, Feminism and the Mastery of Nature. New York:Routledge,1993, P.177.
③雷毅著：《深层生态学：阐释与整合》,上海：上海交通大学出版社2012年版,第66页。
①Alan Naess, "The Deep Ecological Movement:Some Philosophical Aspects." in Michael E. Zimmerman, J. Baird Callicott, Environmental Philosophy:from Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall,1998, p.209.
Alan Naess, "The Deep Ecological Movement:Some Philosophical Aspects." in Michael E. Zimmerman, J. Baird Callicott, Environmental Philosophy:from Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall,1998, p.205.
①M. Bookchin, "What Is Social Ecology." in Peter C. List, ed. Radical Environmen:alism. California:Wadsworth Publishing Company,1993, pp.93-107.
②何怀宏主编：《生态伦理——精神资源与哲学基础》,保定：河北大学出版社2002年版,第525、526页。
③何怀宏主编：《生态伦理——精神资源与哲学基础》,保定：河北大学出版社2002年版,第525、526页。
②何怀宏主编：《生态伦理——精神资源与哲学基础》,保定：河北大学出版社2002年版,第502页。
② Bill Devall & George Sessions. Deep ecology, Salt Lake City, Utah:G.M. Smith,1985, p.42.
③ Theodore Roszak, Where the wasteland ends. Garden City:Doubleday.1972, p.400.
Bill Devall & George Sessions. Deep ecology, Salt Lake City, Utah:GM. Smith,1985, p.75.
②雷毅著：《深层生态学：阐释与整合》,上海：上海交通大学出版社2012年版,第106、117页。
③郭永玉：《马斯洛晚年的超越性人格理论的形成与影响》,载《华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)》2002年第02期。
Roger Walsh and Frances Vaughan, eds. Paths beyond ego:the transpersonal vision. Los Angeles, CA:J.P. Tarcher/Perigee,1993, p.3.
②马斯洛的“类本能”理论提出,人的基本需求是变化着的,处于进化之中的。人的超越性需求则正是人的进化的体现,这种需求类似于人的其它本能。换言之,超越性的需求是进化的产物。而超越性需求的有无或高低反过来也可以衡量一个人的进化程度。超越性需求等层次较高的需求与先天遗传的联系更弱,对于后天环境的依赖则更大。但也不排除高层次的需求也与遗传有关系。而这也正反驳了人与动物无异的说法。因为,超越性不能作为动物的标志。而作为人的标志则更为合理。和其它基本需求一样,超越性需求的遮蔽会带来一些疾病。所以我们要了解、察觉自已的超越性需求并为它的实现创造条件。
③[英]戴维·佩珀著：《生态社会主义：从深生态学到社会正义》,济南：山东大学出版社,第141页。
①马斯洛著：《人的潜能与价值》,北京：华夏出版社1987年版,第366页。
②黄同,曾永成：《论心理美学的价值追求和生态观念——马斯洛心理学价值论对文艺心理研究的启示》,载《成都大学学报(社科版)》1997年第04期。
Abraham H. Maslow, The farther reaches of human nature. NewYork:The Viking Press,1971, pp.269-298.
① Roger Walsh and Frances Vaughan, eds. Paths beyond ego:the transpersonal vision. Los Angeles, CA:J.P. Tarcher/Perigee,1993, p.2.
①Abraham H. Maslow, The farther reaches of human nature. NewYork:The Viking Press.1971, pp.269-298.
②Abraham H. Maslow, "Lessons from the Peak-Experience." Journal of Humanistic Psychology (2):1962.9.
③Abraham H. Maslow, The farther reaches of human nature. New York:The Viking Press,1971, pp.283-95.
①Abraham H. Maslow, Religions, values, and peak-experiences. New York:The Viking Press,1973, p.79.
②Abraham H. Maslow, The farther reaches of human nature. New York:The Viking Press,1971, pp.292.
③[美]马斯洛(Abraham Maslow)著：《马斯洛人本哲学》,成明译,北京：九州出版社2003年版,第324页。
Abraham H. Maslow, Religions, values, and peak-experiences. New York:The Viking Press,1973, p.65.
③Abraham H. Maslow, Religions, values, and peak-experiences. New York:The Viking Press,1973, p.113.
① Abraham H. Maslow, The Farther Reaches of Human Nature. New York:The Viking Press,1971, p.292.
② Abraham H. Maslow, The Farther Reaches of Human Nature. New York:The Viking Press,1971, p,294.
③程虹著：《寻归荒野》(增订版),北京：三联书店,2011年版,第110页。
④程虹著：《寻归荒野》(增订版),北京：三联书店,2011年版,第113页。
①[美]西格德·F·奥尔森著：《低吟的荒野》,程虹译,北京：三联书店2012年版,第14页。
②程虹著：《寻归荒野》(增订版),北京：三联书店,2011年版,第41页。
③程虹著：《寻归荒野》(增订版),北京：三联书店,2011年版,第80页。
Abraham H. Maslow, The farther reaches of human nature. New York:The Viking Press,1971, p.283-288.
① Abraham H. Maslow, TheFartherReaches of Human Nature. New York:The Viking Press,1971. pp.288.
② Abraham H. Maslow, Religions, Values, and Peak-experiences. New York:The Viking Pressc 1973 n 56
③李庆霞：《片言谁解诉秋心——试论林黛玉诗歌的追问意识》,载《海南大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2002年01期。
①吕启祥：《花的精魂·诗的化身——林黛玉形象的文化蕴含和造型特也》,载《红楼梦学刊》,1987年03期。
②宗白华著：《美学散步》,上海：上海人民出版社,1981年版,第280页。
Abraham H. Maslow, Religions, values, and peak-experiences. New York:The Viking Press,1973, p.61.
① Abraham H. Maslow, The Farther Reaches of Human Nature. New York:The Viking Press,197], pp.269-79.
②马鹏翔：《冯友兰“天地境界说”与马斯洛“自我实现论”比较研究》,参：胡军编《反思与境界：纪念冯友兰先生诞辰110周年暨冯友兰学术国际研讨会文集丛》,北京：北京大学出版社2008年版第111-118 页。
①李育红,魏丽华：《冯友兰天地境界说对生态伦理学的意义》,载《甘肃联合大学学报》(社会科学版)第22卷第2期(2006年4月)第19-21页。
②卢风：《天地境界说对生态伦理的启示》,载《学术月刊》2002年第4期第5-12页。
①夏光著：《东亚现代性与西方现代性——从文化的角度看》,北京：生活·读书·新知三联书店2005版,第163页。
②冯友兰著：《冯友兰谈哲学》,北京：当代世界出版社2006年版,第211页。
①冯友兰著：《冯友兰谈哲学》,北京：当代世界出版社2006年版,第255页。
冯友兰著：《贞元六书》,上海：华东师范大学出版社1996年版第863-864页。
①杜维明：《新儒家人文主义的生态转向：对中国和世界的启发》,载《中国哲学史》2002年第2期,第5-20页。
② M. E. Tucker, "Confucianism and Deep Ecology." In Barnhill, David, and Roger Gottlieb, eds. Deep Ecology World Religions:New Essays on Sacred Ground. Albany, NY:SUNY,2001, p.129-130.
①马军红：《生态意识和生态责任——司各特·斯洛维克访谈》,载《当代外国文学》,2010年第2期,第160-170页。
Scott Slovic, "The Shape of the 'I' in Ecological Context." ELN (Spring 2012).
① Scott Slovic, "The Shape of the 'I' in Ecological Context." ELN (Spring 2012).
②冯友兰著：《冯友兰谈哲学》,北京：当代世界出版社2006年版,第211页。
③ Alison Hawthorne Deming, Writing the Sacred into the Real. Scott Slovic ed.,MN.:Milkweed Editions,2001, pp.6,7,9,11.
④ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.4,10,16.
①[美]罗伯特·波格·哈里森(Robert Pogue Harrison)著：《花园：谈人之为人》,苏薇星译,北京：生活、读书、新知三联书店2011年版。
② Scolt Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Tkoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.150.
①马军红：《生态意识和生态责任——司各特·斯洛维克访谈》,载《当代外国文学》,2010年第2期,第160-170页。
②斯洛维克在来信中认为他所做的生态批评就是在探询自我的身份。
①斯洛维克的父母都的心理学家,他自己也曾说：“我喜欢倾向于心理学目的自然书写,我非常喜欢这一类的自然书写。我很想知道,人类的大脑是如何对自然做出反应的,人类的大脑起的是一种什么样的作用,我们是怎么去阅读和接受自然书写的,自然以及自然书写是如何影响我们的感觉和生活的。”参见：王诺：“对话斯洛维克：生态文学研究”,参见王诺著：《生态与心态：当代欧美文学研究》,南京大学出版社2007年版。
① Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.3.
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.6.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey. Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.5.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.23.
1 Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.23.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.37.
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.25.
① Bill Devall and George Sessions. Deep ecology, Salt Lake City, Utah:GM. Smith,1985, p.9.
② Bill Devall and George Sessions. Deep ecology, Salt Lake City, Utah:GM. Smith,1985, p.8.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.26.
④ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.30.
① Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.52.
②Bill Devall and George Sessions. Deep ecology, Salt Lake City, Utah:G.M. Smith,1985, p.99. ③Bill Devall and George Sessions. Deep ecology, Salt Lake City, Utah:G.M. Smith,1985, p.102.
④S Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.33.
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.35.
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Diilard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.38.
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.38.
① Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.49.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.51.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.54.
④ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.54.
⑤ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.47.
① Henry David Thoreau, Walden:or. Life in the Woods. New York:Dover Publications. Inci 1995
②刘玉宇：《从<瓦尔登湖>中的儒学语录看梭罗的儒家渊源》,载《外国文学评论》,2009年第3期,第197-206页。
① Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.9.
②福克斯在《走向超个人生态学》第七章中提出将深层生态学心理化的说法,事实上,深层生态学从一诞生与心理学有着深刻的联系。Fox, Warwick. Toward a Transpersonal Ecology:Developing New Foundations for Environmentalism. Albany, NY:SUNY Press,1990, p.204.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.10.
④ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.10.
① Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.77.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.62.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.64.
①当然斯洛维克回避但也并没有否认迪拉德与神秘主义的关系：“《汀克溪的朝圣》面世以来,迪拉德被指为重振了文学中神秘主义的传统。……迪拉德这样解释《汀克溪的朝圣》的目的：艺术是我们的旨趣,神秘主义是我想传递的信息。……她强烈反对自我意识的干扰,但她依然成功而强有力地描述了在她看来是真实的神秘体验。”Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.63.
②雷毅著：《深层生态学：闸释与整合》,上海：上海交通大学出版社2012年版,第100页。
③冯友兰著：《冯友兰谈哲学》,北京：当代世界出版社2006年版,第393页。
④郭淑新著：《敬畏伦理研究》,合肥：安徽人民出版社2007年版,第89-100。
⑤ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Swimme,2013-1-5。
① Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.67.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.67.
① Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.69.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.71.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.73.
④ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.75.
①王岳川著：《大学中庸讲演录》,桂林：广西师范大学出版社2008年版,第220页。
① Annie Dillard, Pilgrim at Tinker Creek, New York:Harper Perennial, a Division of Harper Collins Publishers, 1974, p.30.
① Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.11.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.97.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.104.
① Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.107.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.106.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.99.
①转引自程虹著：《寻归荒野》(增订版),北京：二联书店,2011年版,第227页。
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.100.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.100.
④ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.112.
David Barnhill, "Relational Holism:Huayan Buddhism and Deep Ecology." in David Barnhill, and Roger Gottlieb, eds. Deep Ecology and World Religions:New Essays on Sacred Ground. Albany, NY:SUNY,2001, pp. 78-104.
① Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.113.
①生态批评家布伊尔、斯洛维克和桑德斯等都曾有过这样的感慨。
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.13.
③ Jeffrey F. Meyer, "Salvation in the Garden:Daoism and Ecology." in Girardot, N. J. & James Miller eds. Dauism and Ecology:Ways within a Cosmic Landscape, Harvard Univeisiiy, Cambridge, Mass.:Center for the Study of World Religions,2001, pp.219-37.
④何怀宏主编：《生态伦理——精神资源与哲学基础》,保定：河北大学出版社2002年版,第527页。
① Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.117.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.123.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.123.
① Scott Slovie, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.130.
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.128.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.124.
④ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.124.
①David Abram, The spell of the sensuous:perception and language in a more-than-human world. New York: Pantheon Books,1996, p.185.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.131.
'Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.132.
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.134.
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.135.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.15.
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press, 1992, p.17.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.147.
① Jeffrey F. Meyer, "Salvation in the Garden:Daoism and Ecology." in Girardot, N. J. & James Miller eds. Daoism and Ecology:Ways within a Cosmic Landscape, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.:Center for the Study of World Religions,2001, pp.219-37.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.154.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.154.
④ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.150.
⑤ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.148.
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City:Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.154.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.166.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.146.
① Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.162.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.164.
③ Abraham H. Maslow, The farther reaches of human nature. New York:The Viking Press,1971.
④ Warwick Fox, Toward a Transpersonal Ecology:Developing New Foundations for Environmentalism. Albany, NY:SUNY Press,1990, pp.249-57.
Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.146.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.144.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.147.
④ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.145.
① Scott Slovic. Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.146.
② Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.142.
③ Scott Slovic, Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah:University of Utah Press,1992, p.138.
①方丽：《“环境的想象”与“浪漫主义生态学”——论布伊尔与贝特的生态批评理论》,载《名作欣赏》2010年第33期,第43-45页。
① Lawrence Buell, The environmental imagination:Thoreau, nature writing, and the formation of American culture, Harvard University Press,1995, p.139.
① Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.16.
② Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.16.
①Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.20.
②杰斐逊自由主义思想中包含着人文主义的精华。杰斐逊反对物质主义,反对肉体享受至上。
③Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.33.
④Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.12.
① Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.13.
② Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.36.
③ Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.14.
Scott Russell Sanders, "Speaking a Word for Nature", in Glotfelty, Cheryll, and Harold Fromm, eds., The Ecocriticism Reader:Landmarks in Literary Ecology. Athens:University of Georgia P,1996, p.194.
② Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.51.
③ Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.52.
① Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.61.
② Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.64.
③ Susan Kollin, William R. Handley和.Jon Smith等学者都进一步阐发了布伊尔的怀旧美学。参见Jon Smith, Susan Kollin, Nature's State:Imagining Alaska As the Last Frontier (2001); Jon Smith, Deborah Cohn. Look Awayl:The U.S. South in New World Studies, (2004); William R. Handley, Nathaniel Lewis, True West: Authenticity and the American West, (2007); Denice Turner Rodopi, Writing the Heavenly Frontier:Metaphor, Geography, and Flight Autobiography in America 1927-1954, (2011)。
① Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.57.
② Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.84.
① William Joseph Long, "The Modern School of Nature-Study and Its Critics." North American Review. May 1903:688-98.
② Kim Perez,"'Nature as a Field for Fiction':Mabel Osgood Wright Responds to the Nature Faker Controversy." ISLE 19, no.1 (Winter 2012):24-42.
③ Ralph H. Lutts, The Nature Fakers:Wildlife, Science & Sentiment, Berkley, Los Angels California:University of Virginia Press,2001.
Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination. Cambridpe-Mass Harvard I Tnivrsity, Press 1995 p 85
Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press.1995. p.92.
Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.93.
① Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.94.
② Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.94.
③ Buell, Lawrence. The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.97.
④ Buell, Lawrence. The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.97.
① Buell, Lawrence. The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.97.
② Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.143.
③ Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.4.
① Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard Universitv Press.1995. p.145,
②而在斯洛维克那里,自发简朴对应着“不由自主的专注" (involuntary attention)。
① Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod,
New York City: The Library of America, 1985, p. 538-547.
② Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995, p. 169.
①这个机制是《瓦尔登湖》中的叙述者。在斯洛维克和布伊尔等生态批评家看来,这个叙述者经历了微妙而确凿的变化。
③ Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995, p. 170.
④ Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and M-errimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City: The Library of America, 1985, p. 561-77.
⑤ Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City: The Library of America, 1985, p. 561-77.
① Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.538-547.
② Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.169.
③ Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.170.
④ Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.561-77.
⑤ Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.561-77.
Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.561-77.
② Lawrence Buell, The environmental imagination:Thoreau, nature writing, and the formation of American culture, Harvard University Press,1995, p.26.
① Lawrence Buell, The environmental imagination:Thoreau, nature writing, and the formation of American culture, Harvard University Press,1995, p.26.
② Lawrence Buell, The environmental imagination:Thoreau, nature writing, and the formation of American culture, Harvard University Press,1995, p.2.
① Lawrence Buell, The environmental imagination:Thoreau, nature writing, and the formation of American culture, Harvard University Press,1995, p.23.
② Lawrence Buell, The environmental imagination:Thoreau, nature writing, and the formation of American culture, Harvard University Press,1995, p.23.
③ Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.116.
① Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press.1995, p.117.
② Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.117.
③ Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.117.
① J Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.117.
②[美]利奥波德(Aldo Leopold)著：《沙乡年鉴》,侯文蕙译,长春：吉林人民出版1997年版,第203页。
①何怀宏主编：《生态伦理——精神资源与哲学基础》,保定：河北大学出版社2002年版,第505页。
② Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.411.
③ Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.122.
④ Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.122.
① Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.539.
② Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.572.
③ Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.395.
Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p,73.
② Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p,27.
① Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p,76-81.
② Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Maiden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p,22.
① Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Maiden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p,23.
① Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p,29.
Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p,46.
② Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p,102-3.
① Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p,102-3.
② Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p, vii.
① Lawrence Buell, Writing for an Endangered World. MA.:The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,2001, p.247.
② Lawrence Buell, Writing for an Endangered World. MA.:The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,2001, p.252.
① Bill Devall and George Sessions. Deep ecology, Salt Lake City, Utah:G.M. Smith,1985, p.21.
② Bill Devall and George Sessions. Deep ecology, Salt Lake City, Utah:G.M. Smith,1985, p.22.
③ Lawrence Buell, Writing for an Endangered World. MA.:The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,2001, p.257.
① Lawrence Buell, Writing for an Endangered World. MA.:The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,2001, p.258-259.
② Lawrence Buell, Writing for an Endangered World. MA.:The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,2001, p.252.
③ Lawrence Buell, Writing for an Endangered World. MA.:The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,2001, p.264.
①伊恩·马歇尔(Ian Marshall)是美国重要的生态批评家之一,主要著作有《故事线索：探索阿巴拉契亚小径的文学》(1998),《高峰体验》(2003),《<瓦尔登湖>中的俳句时刻》(2009),《走向联系：生态批评理论和实践文集》(2007)编著。马歇尔的生态批评重要以马斯洛的“自我实现”为理论进行的。
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p. xvi, xix.
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p. xvi.
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p. xvi, xix.
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p. ⅹⅵ, ⅹⅹⅲ.
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p. ⅹⅹⅳ.
①马歇尔曾在2003年出版的《高峰体验》中以马斯洛的自我实现论和晚年超越性需求论为框架研究自然文学。
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.132.
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.441-2.
④ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.139.
⑤ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.192.
① Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.577.
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.218.
③ Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.456.
④ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.143.
⑤ Ian Marshall. Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.162.
① Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.586.
② Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Waiden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.533.
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.183.
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.227.
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.227.
③川本皓嗣著：《日本诗歌的传统——七与五的是诗学》,王晓平等译,译林出版社2004版。
①彭恩华著：《日本俳句史》,上海世纪出版社集团,学林出版社2004年版,第1-3页。
②切字是日文中的一种特殊的文言虚字。就其作用而言,切字是为了丰富的“也”、“哉”、“乎”等。切字的插入,将十七个音节切成五、七、五,显示分隔点,并暗示并列元素之间相互关联的方式。
③李冬君著：《落花一瞬：日本人的精神底色》,北京：北京大学出版社2007年版。
④[日]本居宣长著：《日本物哀》,王向远译,长春：吉林出版集团有限责任公司2010年版,第1,3页。
⑤叶渭渠,康月梅著：《物哀与幽玄：日本人的美意识》,桂林：广西师范大学出版社2002年版。
①郑民钦著：《和歌美学》,银川：宁夏人民出版社2008年版,第45页。
②郑民钦著：《和歌美学》,银川：宁夏人民出版社2008年版,第53页。
③ Scott Slovic, "Epistemology and Politics in American Nature Writing:Embedded Rhetoric and Discrete Rhetoric." in Carl George Herndl, Stuart Cameron Brown. Green Culture:Environmental Rhetoric in Contemporary America. Madison, Wisconsin:University of Wisconsin Press,1996.
④ Scott Slovic, Going Away to Think:Engagement, Retreat, and Ecocritical Responsibility. Reno, Nevada. University of Nevada Press,2008, p.1-10.
⑤ Jennifer K. Ladino. Reclaiming Nostalgia:Longing for Nature in American Literature. Charlottesville and London:University of Virginia Press,2012
①程虹：《永恒的瞬间——自然文学中的记忆》,载《外国文学》,第5期。
②转引自程虹：《永恒的瞬间——自然文学中的记忆》,载《外国文学》,第5期。
①“用心若镜”出自《庄子·内篇·应帝王》：“至人之用心若镜,不将不迎,应而不藏,故能胜物而不伤。意为心像明镜一样,纯粹客观地反映事物。
②李冬君著：《落花一瞬：日本人的精神底色》,北京：北京大学出版社2007年版。
① J. B. Callicott and Roger T. Ames eds. Nature in Asian Traditions of Thought:Essays in Environmental Philosophy. Albany, NY:SUNY Press,1989,2001, pp.163-83.
② Leonard Koren, Wabi-Sabi:For Artists, Designers, Poets & Philosophers, Point Reyes, CA:Imperfect Publishing,1994, p.72.
③ Andrew Juniper, Wabi Sabi:The Japanese Art of Impermanence, Tokyo:Tuttle Publishing,2003, p.11.
④ Richard R. Powell, Wabi Sabi Simple, Avan Ma.:Adams Media,2004, p.19.
① Taro Gold, Craig Taro Gold's Living Wabi Sabi, Kansas City:Andrews McMeel Publishing,2004, pp.20-21.
②能势朝次,大西克礼著：《日本幽玄》,王向远译,长春：吉林出版集团有限责任公司2011年版。
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.91.
② Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, pp. 143-80.
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.94.
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.94.
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.26.
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.27.
④艾布拉姆在《感性的魔力》中论述了线性时间观的演进及其生态关联。David Abram, The spell of the sensuous:perception and language in a more-than-human world. New York:Pantheon Books,1996, p.194.
⑤[美]马斯洛(Abraham Maslow)著：《马斯洛人本哲学》,成明译,北京：九州出版社2003年版,第250页。
Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.27.
Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.582-3.
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.220.
① Bill Devall and George Sessions. Deeoecologv. Salt Lake Citv. Utah: G.M. Smith. 1985 nn 7.25 204
② Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod. New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.461.
" Henry David Thoreau,^ Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods:Cape Cod. New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.476.
④ Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods:Cape Cod. New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.498.
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.34.
② Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.488.
③ Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.495.
① Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.540.
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.69.
③ Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.546.
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.69.
Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.572.
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.82.
① Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.336.
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.83.
①吴国盛：《时间的观念》.北京大学出版社,2006年版,北京。第83页
②吴国盛：《时间的观念》.北京大学出版社,2006年版,北京。第83页
③王昌树：《海德格尔—生存论美学》,学术出版社,2008年版,北京。第72页。
④转引自王昌树：于尔根.哈贝马斯《现代性的哲学话语》,曹卫东等译,译林出版社2004年版,第169页.
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.83.
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.90.
② Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.310.
③ Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.394.
Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.534.
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.184.
② Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.556.
③ Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.411.
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.114.
② Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.430.
③ Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.417.
④ Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.578. ①在生态批评中,地方性和全球性的争论已经成为新的议题。如在2013年10月即将在山东大学召开的“第三届海峡两岸生态文学研讨会”的第一个议题为“地方意识与全球意识”；即将发表在《求是学刊》2013年第4期斯洛维克的《调整“大地情结”的层级》也体现了对地方与全球二元问题的关注。
② Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.578.
③ Richard K.Nelson, Barry Lopez, and Terry Tempest Williams. Patriotism and the American Land. Great Barrington, MA:The Orion Society,2002, p.56.
④ Buell, Lawrence. The Environmental Imagination, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995, p.144.
⑤ Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.411.
① Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.414.
② Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.334.
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.10.
①“生态学”一词最早是由德国生物学家海克尔于1869年将两个希腊词：(‘家园’或‘家’)和(研究)组合而成。曾繁仁著：《生态存在论美学论稿》,长春：吉林人民出版社2009年版。155页。
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.41.
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.65.
④ Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.517.
⑤ Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985. p.522.
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.194.
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.155.
③ Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.423.
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.20.
② Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p,425.
③ Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimuck Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.431.
④ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.129.
① Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.526.
② Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.179.
③本俳句诗人松尾芭蕉提出“不易流行”。“不易”与“流行”是一种既对立又统一的关系存在。该概念受到中国哲学思想的影响,如庄子、易学、儒教、宋学等等思想的影响。是永恒之物与流变之物的辨证统一关系。类似于儒家的动静合—观Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.181.
① Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.559.
②Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.559.
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.11.
①张世英著：《进入澄明之境.哲学的新方向》,北京：商务印书馆1999年版,第213页。
Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.13.
③宗白华著：《美学散步》,上海：上海人民出版社,1981年版,第241页。
①[美]马斯洛(Abraham Maslow)著：《马斯洛人本哲学》,成明译,北京：九州出版社2003年版,第249页。
②[美]马斯洛(Abraham Maslow)著：《马斯洛人本哲学》,成明译,北京：九州出版社2003年版,第380页。
③马斯洛著：《自我实现的人》,许金声,刘峰等译,北京：三联书店1987年版,第279-287页。
④ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.13.
①[美]马斯洛(Abraham Maslow)著：《马斯洛人本哲学》,成明译,北京：九州出版社：2003年版,第324页。
②[美]马斯洛(Abraham Maslow)著：《马斯洛人本哲学》,成明译,北京：九州出版社：2003年版,第250页。
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.14.
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009. p.183.
② Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.387.
③ Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.451.
④ Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.451.
① Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.56.
② Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.502.
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.56.
① Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.393.
②《大学》第三章中描写黄鸟的知止精神,知止大概也是人与非人类世界重要区别之一。诗云：“邦畿千里,惟民所止。”诗云：“缗蛮黄鸟,止于丘隅。”了曰：“于止知其所止,可以人而不如鸟乎?”诗云：“穆穆文王,于(音乌)缉熙敬止。”为人君,止于仁。为人臣,止于敬。为人子,止于孝。为人父,止于慈。与国人交,止于信。子曰：“听讼,吾犹人也。必也使无讼乎?”无情者,不得尽其辞。大畏民志,此谓知本。
① Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod. New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.393-4.
② Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.394.
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.207.
① Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.569.
② Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.571.
③ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.209.
④ Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.586.
⑤ Henry David Thoreau,A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod, New York City:The Library of America,1985, p.587.
⑥ Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.225.
①海斯被认为是美国生态批评三大代表之一,另外两位是斯洛维克和布伊尔。她是生态批评第三次浪潮的弄潮儿,急先锋。是生态后现代主义的代言人。海斯的生态批评以理论深度和逻辑严密著称,著有《时间组织分裂：时间,叙事,后现代主义》(1997),《地方感和全球感》(2008)。
①唐建南,郭楼庆：《生态批评中的地方研究》,载《外国语文》,2012年4月,第28卷第2期,第31-35页。
① Scott Slovic, "Re-Scaling Geo-Loyalty:Considering Expressions of Trans-Scalar Thinking." Unpublished中文版即将于2013年5月发表。
① Scott Slovic, "Re-Scaling Geo-Loyalty:Considering Expressions of Trans-Scalar Thinking." Unpublished.
① Scott Slovic, Re-Scaling Geo-Loyalty:Considering Expressions of Trans-Scalar Thinking. Unpublished.
② Ursula K. Heise, "Among the Everywheres." And "Toxic Bodies Corporate Poisons." in Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York:Oxford UP,2008, pp.68-90; 160-177.
③ Scott Slovic, Re-Scaling Geo-Loyalty:Considering Expressions of Trans-Scalar Thinking. Unpublished.
①来自未发表的手稿,见Scott Slovic, "Re-Scaling Geo-Loyalty:Considering Expressions of Trans-Scalar Thinking." Unpublished.。
② Ursula K. Heise, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, p.22.
①Slavic, Scott. Re-Scaling Geo-Loyalty:Considering Expressions of Trans-Scalar Thinking. Unpublished Paper.
②Gary Snyder, A Place in Space:Ethics, Aesthetics, and Watersheds. Washigton, D.C.:Counterpoint,1995, p. 210; Scott Slovic, Re-Scaling Geo-Loyalty:Considering Expressions of Trans-Scalar Thinking. Unpublished.
③Gary Snyder, "The Place, the Region, and the Commons." In the Practice of the Wild. San Francisco:North Point,1990,27.
④Ursula K. Heise, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, p.43.
⑤Heike, Ursula K. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, p.48.
① Barry Lopez, Arctic Dreams:Imagination and Desire in a Northern Landscape. New York:Charles Scribner's Sons,1986. pp.20-23.
② Scott Slovic, Re-Scaling Geo-Loyalty:Considering Expressions of Trans-Scalar Thinking. Unpublished.
① Scott slovic,Re-Scaling Geo-Loyalty:Considering Expressions of Trans-Scalar Thinking.Unpublished Paper.
② Ecozon@1.1(April 2010)
① Lawrence Buell, "Space, Place, and Imagination from Local to Global." The Future of Environmental Criticism. Maiden, MA:Blackwell,2005.63.
② Lawrence Buell, "Space, Place, and Imagination from Local to Global." The Future of Environmental Criticism. Malden, MA:Blackwell,2005.66.
③ Scott Slovic, "The Third Wave." Ecozon@ 1.1 (April 2010)
④ Scott Slovic, "The Third Wave." Ecozon@ 1.1 (April 2010)
⑤ Goodbody, A,2011. The Nomad as Theoretical and Literary Model of Ecological Inhabitation in a Globalised World. In:Oppermann, S., Ozdag, U., Ozkan, N. and Slovic, S., eds. The Future of Ecocriticism:New Horizons. Newcastle upon Tyne:Cambridge Scholars, pp.82-99.
① Mitchell Thomashow, Bringing the Biosphere Home:Learning to Perceive Global Environmental Change. Cambridge, MA:MIT P,2002. p.106.
② Ursula K. Heise, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, p.49.
③ Ursula K. Heise, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, p.37-8.
④ Ursula K. Heise, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, p.40.
① Lawrence Buell, The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Maiden, MA:Blackwell,2005. pp.62-63. see:Scott Slovic, Re-Scaling Geo-Loyalty:Considering Expressions of Trans-Scalar Thinking. Unpublished.
② Ursula K. Heise, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, pp.42,45.
① Tuan, Yi-Fu. "American Space, Chinese Place." Eds. Lee and Kellev Brandon. Sentences Paragraphs, and Beyond.6th ed. Boston:Cengage Learning,2011. p.24.
② Ursula K. Heise, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, pp.36-7.
③ Tuan, Yi-Fu. "Place:An Experiential Perspective," The Geographical Review LXV.2 (April 19751:151-65. p.152.
①段义孚2005年11北师大就职演说。1 December 2012. http.....http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog 53dbe24b010137cx.html。
② Heike, Ursula K. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, pp.3,8.
① Ursula K. Heise, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008.p.6,7.
① Heike, Ursula. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford d UP,2008.p.7,50.
② Scott Slovic, Re-Scaling Geo-Loyalty:Considering Expressions of Trans-Scalar Thinking. Unpublished.
① Buell, Lawrence. The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005, p,56.
①张在新,《笛福小说(罗克珊娜>对性别代码的解域》,载《外国文学评论》,1997年第4期,第98-10R页
② Ursula. K. Heise, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York-Oxford UP,2008, p.205.
③如体现在美国西部边疆文学中的新生物地域主义。参见Lynch, Tom. Xerophilia:Ecocritical Explorations in Southwestern Literature. Lubbock:Texas Tech UP,2008.
①“解域”是后现代理论中的一个概念,后文将对此概念进行具体解释。作为叙述手法的解域主要是体现在拼贴(collage)、变焦(zooming)、反题(Antithesis)并置(juxtapozation)、蒙太奇(montage)、装置艺术(installation)、视觉艺术(visual art)、数据库美学(database aesthetics)、寓言(allegory)等。这些手法将在下文生态艺术文本的解读中进行具体阐释。
① A.Goodbody, "The Nomad as Theoretical and Literary Model of Ecological Inhabitation in a Globalised World." In:Oppermann, S., Ozdag, U., Ozkan, N. and Slovic, S., Eds. The Future of Ecocriticism:New Horizons. Newcastle upon Tyne:Cambridge Scholars,2011, pp.82-99.
① Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism."Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008. p.53.
② Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008. p.55.
③ Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008. p.61.
① Heike, Ursula. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008.p.21.
①Heike, Ursula. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008.p.28.
②哲学家汉斯·乔纳斯(Han Jonas),社会学家汤姆林森(John Tomlinson)提到的一个术语。Heike, Ursula. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York:Oxford UP,2008.D. 33.
③ Heike, Ursula. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008.42
① Heike, Ursula. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008.p.30.
② Heike, Ursula. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008.p.30.
①Heike, Ursula K. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, p.48.
①Ursula K.Heise, Sense of place and sense of planet:the environmental imagination of the global, Oxford; New York, NY:Oxford University Press,2008. p.21.
② Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.62.
① Ursula K. Heise, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imasination of the Global. New York-Oxford UP,2008, pp.91-114.
② Tupian操图皮语群诸语言的南美印第安人。图皮语诸民族遍布于亚马逊河河以南的地方。原住民在亚马逊河河口到拉布拉他河之间的大西洋沿岸。
① Ursula K. Heise, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, p.95.
② Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.96.
Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.98.
① Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.101.
① Heike, Ursula. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, p.111.
② Ursula K. Heise, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford UP,2008, p.114.
① Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008. p.76.
① Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.78.
② Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.78.
① Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.78.
② Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.79.
① Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP.2008, p.81.
① Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008. p.82.
① Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008. p.82.
② Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.83.
③ Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.83.
① Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.83.
③ Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.84.
① Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.85.
② Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.85.
③ Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.85.
① Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Eco-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.81.
①[美]利奥波德(Aldo Leopold)著：《沙乡年鉴》,侯文蕙译,长春：吉林人民出版1997年版,第47,80,113页。
① A.,Goodbody, "The Nomad as Theoretical and Literary Model of Ecological Inhabitation in a Globalised World." In:Oppermann, S., Ozdag, U., Ozkan, N. and Slovic, S., Eds. The Future of Ecocriticism:New Horizons. Newcastle upon Tyne:Cambridge Scholars,2011, pp.82-99.
① Girardot, N. J. & James Miller eds. Daoism and Ecology:Ways within a Cosmic Landscape, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.:Center for the Study of World Religions,2001, p.243.
② Ursula K. Heise, "Deterritorialization and Ecc-Cosmopolitanism." Sense of Place and Sense of Planet. New York:Oxford UP,2008, p.21.
① John Felstiner, "Preface:The Poetry of Earth Is Never Dead." Can Poetry Save the Earth? A Field Guide to Nature Poems. New Haven:Yale UP,2009, p.ⅹⅲ
Catherine E. Rigby. Topographies of the Sacred:The Poetics Of Place In European Romanticism, Charlottesville and London:University of Virginia Press,2004, pp.258-9.
①雷毅著：《深层生态学思想研究》,清华大学出版社2012年版,第136-137页。
②[德]马克思(Karl Marx)著：《1844年经济学哲学手稿》,北京：人民出版社年版,第58页。
①怀宏主编：《生态伦理——精神资源与哲学基础》,保定：河北大学出版社2002年版,第506
②在马斯洛的“类本能”理论看来,人的基本需求是变化着的,处十进化之中的。人的超越性需求则正是人的进化的休现,这种需求类似于人的其它本能。换言之,超越性的需求是进化的产物。而超越性需求的有无或高低反过来也可以衡量一个人的进化程度。超越性需求等层次较高的需求与先天遗传的联系更弱,对于后天环境的依赖则更大。但也不排除高层次的需求也与遗传有关系。而这也正反驳了人与动物无异的说法。因为,超越性不能作为动物的标志。而作为人的标志则更为合理。和其它基本需求一样,超越性需求的遮蔽会带来一些疾病。所以我们要J’解、察觉自己的超越性需求并为它的实现创造条件。
③[英]戴维·佩珀著：《生态社会主义：从深生态学到社会正义》,济南：山东大学出版社,第141页。
④曾繁仁著：《生态存在论美学论稿》,长春：吉林人民出版社,2009年版,第47-48页。
①[美]戴斯·贾丁斯著：《环境伦理学——环境哲学导论(第三版)》,北京：北京大学出版社2002年版,第253页。
②[德]莫尔特曼著《创造中的上帝——生态的创造论》,北京：三联书店第2002年版,第29-30页。
③[法]阿尔贝特·史怀洋(Albert Schweitzer)著：《敬畏生命》,陈洋环译,上海：上海社会科学院出版社1996年版,第10页。
④[法]阿尔贝特·史怀洋(Albert Schweitzer)著：《敬畏生命》,陈泽环译,上海：上海社会科学院出版社1996年版,第253页。
⑤[日]池田大作[英]汤因比著：《展望21世纪》,北京：国际文化出版公司1985年版,第13页。
Ian Marshall, Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009, p.227.
①应该承认,在现实社会中,实现“生态大我”比任何时代都要举步维艰。我们的娱乐方式比任何时候都要丰富,但我们的成功标准比任何时代都要单调。物质上的成功可以满足包括身休的基本需求、安全感需求、爱的需求、尊重的需求之内的需求。除此之外,纵使一个人身怀绝技,如果不能兑换为金钱或地位,那么他是一个零。我们成为这个单一成功标准的牺牲品的同时也成为了它的帮凶。不仅如此,自身的强大使人类比任何时候都陷入自我。小知从什么时候起,我们已经丧失了崇拜某个我们自身之外事物的习惯,忘记了美国神学家尼布尔所说的那句话：我们只有在自我之外的某个中心才能找到自我。孤立的自我,意味着没有自我。
② Jeffrey F. Meyer, "Salvation in the Garden:Daoism and Ecology." in Girardot, N. J.& James Miller eds. Daoism and Ecology:Ways within a Cosmic Landscape, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.:Center for the Study of World Religions,2001, pp.219-37.
③Effrey F. Meyer, "Salvation in the Garden:Daoism and Ecology." in Girardot, N. J. & James Miller eds. Daoism and Ecology:Ways within a Cosmic Landscape, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.:Center for the Study of World Religions,2001, pp.219-37.
④[美]马斯洛(Abraham Maslow)著：《马斯洛人本哲学》,成明译,北京：九州出版社2003年版,第380页。
①劳伦斯·布伊尔,韦清琦,《打开中美生态批评的对话窗口——访劳伦斯·布伊尔》,载《文艺研究》2004年第1期,第64-70页。
①劳伦斯·布伊尔,韦清琦,《打开中美生态批评的对话窗口——访劳伦斯·布伊尔》,载《文艺研究》2004年第1期,第64-70页。
② Bate, Jonathan. The Song of the Earth. Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,2000, p.37-8.
③ Michael E Zimmerman and J. Baird Callicott, Environmental Philosophy:from Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice Hall,1998, p.13.
[英]阿诺德(Matthew Arnold)著：《文化与无政府状态：政治与社会批评》(修订译本),北京：生活·读书·新知三联书店2008年版。
安乐哲(Mary Evelyn Tucker)等编：《道教与生态：宇宙景观的内在之道》,南京：江苏教育出版社2008年版。
安乐哲(Mary Evelyn Tucker)等编：《佛教与生态》,南京：江苏教育出版社2008年版。
安乐哲(Mary Evelyn Tucker)等编：《儒学与生态》,南京：江苏教育出版社2008年版。
[美]西格德·F·奥尔森著：《低吟的荒野》,程虹译,北京：三联书店2012年版。
[日]本居宣长著：《日本物哀》,王向远译,长春：吉林出版集团有限责任公司2010年版。
[英]埃德蒙·伯克(Edmund Burke)著：《关于我们崇高与美观念之根源的哲学探讨》,郭飞译,郑州：大象出版社2010年版。
[美]阿诺德·伯林特(Arnold Berleant)著：《生活在景观中：走向一种环境美学》,
陈盼译 ,长沙：湖南科学技术出版社2006年版。
[德]马丁·布伯(Martin Buber):《我与你》,陈维刚译,北京：三联书店2002年版。
[法]莫里斯·布朗肖(Maurice Blanchot)著,布朗肖《文学空间》,顾嘉琛译,北京：商务印书馆2003版。
程虹著：《宁静无价》,上海：上海人民出版社,2009年版。
程虹著：《寻归荒野》(增订版),北京：三联书店,2011年版。
陈李波著：《城市美学四题》,北京：中国电力出版社2009年版。
陈望衡著：《环境美学》,武汉：武汉大学出版社2007年版。
陈炎,赵玉,李琳著：《儒、释、道的生态智慧与艺术诉求》,北京：人民文学出版社2012年版。
[日]川本浩嗣著：《日本诗歌的传统》,王晓平等译,译林出版社2004年版。
丁来先著：《自然美的审美人类学研究》,桂林：广西师范大学出版社2006年版。
[美]艾伦·杜宁(Alan Durning)著：《多少算够》,毕聿译,长春：吉林人民出版社1997年版。
杜维明著：《现代性与物欲的释放—杜维明先生访谈录》,北京：中国人民大学出版2009年版。
方东美著：《生生之美》,李溪编,北京：北京大学出版社2009年版。
[英]迈克尔·费瑟斯通(Michael Featherstone)著：《消费文化与后现代主义》,刘精明译,南京：江苏人民出版社2000年版。
冯雷著：《理解空间：现代空间观念的批判与重构》,北京：中央编译出版社2008年版。
冯友兰著：《冯友兰谈哲学》,北京：当代世界出版社2006年版。
傅松雪著：《时间美学导论》,济南：山东人民出版社2009年版。
[美]弗兰克·G·戈布尔著：《第三思潮》,吕明,陈红雯译,上海：上海译文出版社2006年版。
高旭东著：《中西文学与哲学宗教》,北京：北京大学出版社2004年版。
郭淑新著：《敬畏伦理研究》,合肥：安徽人民出版社2007年版。
[美]罗伯特·波格·哈里森(Robert Pogue Harrison)著：《花园：谈人之为人》,苏薇星译,北京：生活、读书、新知三联书店2011年版。
[德]海德格尔(Martin Heidegger)著：《人、诗意地栖居——海德格尔语要》,
郜元宝译,张汝伦校,上海：上海远东出版社1995年版。
何光沪著：《百川归海：走向全球宗教哲学》,北京：中国社会科学出版社2008年版。
何怀宏主编：《生态伦理——精神资源与哲学基础》,保定：河北大学出版社2002年版。
[日]今道友信著：《关于美》,哈尔滨：黑龙江人民出版社1983年版。
雷毅著：《深层生态学：阐释与整合》,上海：上海交通大学出版社2012年版。
李冬君著：《落花一瞬：日本人的精神底色》,北京：北京大学出版社2007年版。
李健著：《审美乌托邦的想象：从韦伯到法兰克福学派的审美救赎之路》,北京：社会科学文献出版社2009年版。
李泽厚著：《美的历程》,天津：天津社会科学院出版社2001年版。
[美]利奥波德(Aldo Leopold)著：《沙乡年鉴》,侯文蕙译,长春：吉林人民出版1997年版。
林可济著：《“天人合一”与“主客二分”：中西哲学比较的重要视角》,北京：社会科学文献出版社2010年版。
鲁枢元著：《生态批评的空间》,上海：华东师大出版社2006年版。
鲁枢元著：《生态文艺学》,西安：陕西人民教育出版社2000年版。
鲁枢元主编：《走进大林莽：四十位人文学者的生态话语》,上海：上海文艺出版社,2008年版。
陆扬著：《日常生活审美化批判》,上海：复旦大学出版社2012版。
[美]霍尔姆斯·罗尔斯顿(Holmes Rolston Ⅲ))著：《哲学走向荒野》,刘耳等译,长春：吉林人民出版社2000年版。
[美]理查德·洛夫(Richard Louv)著：《林间最后的小孩：拯救自然缺失症儿童》,自然之友译,长沙：湖南科学技术出版社2010年版。
罗益民著：《时间的镰刀》,成都：四川辞书出版社2004年版。
马大康等著：《文学时间研究》,北京：中国社会科学出版社2008年版。
马鹏翔：《冯友兰“天地境界说”与马斯洛“自我实现论”比较研究》,参：胡军编《反思与境界：纪念冯友兰先生诞辰110周年暨冯友兰学术国际研讨会文集丛》,北京：北京大学出版社2008年版。
[美]马斯洛(Abraham Maslow)著：《马斯洛人本哲学》,成明译,北京：九洲出版社2003年版。
[美]马斯洛(Abraham Maslow)著：《人性能达到的境界》,马良诚等译,西安：陕西师范大学出版社2010年版。
[美]比尔·麦克基本著：《自然的终结》,孙晓春,马树林译,长春：吉林人民出 版社2000年版。
[美]麦茜特(Carolyn Merchant)著：《自然之死》,吴国盛等译,长春：吉林人民出版社1999年版。
蒙培元著：《人与自然——中国哲学生态观》,北京：人民出版社2004年版。
[法]莫里斯.梅洛-庞蒂(Maurice Merleau-Ponty)著：《知觉现象学》,姜志辉译,北京：商务印书馆,2005年版。
彭修银著：《东方美学》,北京：人民出版社,出版时间2008年版。
[澳大利亚]薇尔·普鲁姆德(Val Plumwood)著：《女性主义与对自然的主宰》,马天杰,李丽丽译,重庆：重庆出版社2007年版。
钱俊生,余谋昌主编：《生态哲学》,北京：中共中央党校出版社2004年版。
[德]汉斯·萨克塞(Hans Sachsse)著：《生态哲学》,文韬、佩云译,上海：东方出版社1991年版。
[俄]列夫·舍斯托夫(Lev Shestov)著：《在约伯的天平上》,董友,徐荣庆,刘继岳译,上海：上海人民出版社2004年版。
[法]阿尔贝特·史怀泽(Albert Schweitzer)著：《敬畏生命》,陈泽环译,上海：上海社会科学院出版社1996年版。
[美]舒斯特曼(Richard Shusterman)著：《身体意识与身体美学》,程相占译,北京：商务印书馆,2011年版。
苏琪著：《艺术心理学原理》,济南：山东教育出版社2008年版。
[美]索杰(Edward W.Soja)著：《第三空间：去往洛杉矶和其他真实和想象地方的
旅程》,包亚明编, 陆扬,刘佳林,朱志荣等译,北京：上海教育出版社2005年。
黄见德,汤一介著：《世纪西方哲学东渐史》,北京：首都师范大学出版社2007年版。
汪树东著：《生态意识与中国当代文学》,北京：中国社会科学出版社2008年版。
王茜著：《生态文化的审美之维》,上海：上海人民出版社2007年版。
王树人著：《中国传统智慧与艺魂》,武汉：武汉出版社2006年版。
王旭晓编：《自然审美基础》,长沙：中南大学出版社2008年版。
王岳川著：《大学中庸讲演录》,桂林：广西师范大学出版社2008年版。
王岳川著：《当代西方最新文论教程》,上海：复旦大学出版社2008年版。
王岳川著：《书法文化精神》,北京：北京大学出版社2008年版。
王岳川著：《艺术本体论》北京：中国社会科学出版社2005年版。
王岳川主编：《中国后现代话语》,广州：中山大学出版社2004年版。
吴国盛著：《时间的观念》,北京：北京大学出版社2006年版。
[英]约翰·希克(John Harwood Hick)著：《宗教哲学》,钱永祥译, 台北：三民书局1983年版。
夏光著：《东亚现代性与西方现代性——从文化的角度看》,北京：生活·读书·新知三联书店2005版。
先刚著：《永恒与时间：谢林哲学研究》,北京：商务印书馆2008年版。
辛然著：《未妨惆怅是清狂——唐诗中的美丽与哀愁》,西安：陕西师范大学出版社2007年版。
徐恒醇著：《生态美学》,西安：陕西人民教育出版社2000年版。
杨大春著：《杨大春讲梅洛-庞蒂》,北京：北京大学出版社2005年版。
叶渭渠,康月梅著：《物哀与幽玄：日本人的美意识》,桂林：广西师范大学出版社2002年版。
余谋昌著：《生态伦理学：从理论走向实践》,北京：首都师范大学出版社1999年版。
杨韶刚著：《超个人心理学》上海：上海教育出版社2006年版。
袁鼎生著：《生态艺术哲学》,北京：商务印书馆2007年版。
曾繁仁著：《生态存在论美学论稿》,长春：吉林人民出版社2003年版。
曾繁仁著：《生态美学导论》,北京：商务印书馆2010年版。
曾永成著：《文艺的绿色之思——文艺生态学引论》,北京：人民文学出版社2000年版。
张国庆著：《中国古代美学要题新论》,北京：中央编译出版社2010年版。
章海荣著：《生态伦理与生态美学》,上海：复旦大学出版社2005年版。
张华著：《生态美学及其在当代中国的建构》,高旭东编,北京：中华书局2006年版。
张世英著：《进入澄明之境：哲学的新方向》,北京：商务印书馆1999年版。
张世英著：《天人之际——中西哲学的困惑与选择》,北京：人民出版社2007年版。
张炜著：《绿色遥思》,北京：生活·读书·新知三联书店2010年版。
郑民钦著：《和歌美学》,银川：宁夏人民出版社2008年版。
赵勇著：《整合与颠覆：大众文化的辩证法——法兰克福学派的大众文化理论》,北京：北京大学出版社2005年版。
朱光潜著：《谈美》,北京：金城出版社2006年版。
朱光潜著：《西方美学史》,北京：人民文学出版社,2002年版。
朱良志著：《中国艺术的生命精神》,合肥：安徽教育出版社2006年版。
曾建平著：《环境正义》,济南：山东人民出版社2007版。
宗白华著：《美学散步》,上海：上海人民出版社,1981年版。
Abbey, Edward. Desert Solitaire:A Season in the Wilderness. New York:Ballantine Books,1971.
Abram, David. The Spell of the Sensuous:Perception and Language in a More-than-human World. New York:Vintage,1997.
Admson, Joni, Mei Mei Evans, and Rachel Stein, eds. The Environmental Justice Reader:Politics, Poetics, and Pedagogy. Tucson:U of Arizon Press,2002.
Alaimo, Stacy. "Trans-corporeal Feminisms and the Ethical Space of Nature." Material Feminisms. Ed. Stacy Alaimo and Susan Hekman. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press,2008.
Anderson, E.N. Ecologies of the Heart:Emotion, Belief, and the Environment. New York:Oxford University Press, c1996.
Antonsich, Marco. Territory and Identity in the Age of Globalization:The Case of Western Europe, ProQuest,2007.
Armbruster, Karla Kathleen R. Wallace, Beyond Nature Writing:Expanding the Boundaries of Ecocriticism, Charlottesville and London:University of Virginia Press,2001.
Baldwin, Thomas. Reading Merleau-Ponty:On Phenomenology of Perception. New edition. New York:Routledge,2007.
Barnhill, David Landis. At Home on the Earth:Becoming Native to Our Place:a Multicultural Anthology. Berkley, Los Angels California:University of California Press,1999.
Barnhill, David, and Roger Gottlieb, eds. Deep Ecology and World Religions:New Essays on Sacred Ground. Albany, NY:SUNY,2001.
Bate, Jonathan. The Song of the Earth. Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press, 2000.
Baxter, Brian. Ecologism:An Introduction. Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press, 1999.
Begiebing, Robert J, Grumbling, Owen, The Literature of Nature:The British and American Traditions. Medford, NJ:Plexus Publishing, Inc.,1990.
Bennett, Michael & David Warfield Teague, The Nature of Cities:Ecocriticism and Urban Environments. Tucson, Arizona:University of Arizona Press,1999.
Berman, Morris, The Reenchantment of the World. Toronto:Bantam Books,1984.
Botkin, Daniel B. No Man's Garden:Thoreau And A New Vision For Civilization And Nature, Washington, D.C.,:Island Press,2000.
Branch, Michael P. The Isle Reader:Ecocriticism,1993-2003. Athens:University of Georgia Press,2003.
Buell, Lawrence. The Environmental Imagination. Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1995.
Buell, Lawrence. The Future of Environmental Criticism:Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Malden, MA.:Wiley-Blackwell,2005.
Buell, Lawrence. Literary Transcendentalism:Style and Vision in The American Renaissance. Ithaca and London:Cornell University Press,1973.
Buell, Lawrence. Writing for an Endangered World. MA.:The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,2001.
Callicott, J. Baird, and Roger T. Ames eds. Nature in Asian Traditions of Thought: Essays in Environmental Philosophy. Albany, NY:SUNY Press,2001.
Capra, Fritjof. Uncommon Wisdom:Conversations with Remarkable People. New York:Simon and Schuster, c1988.
Carroll, Joseph. Literary Darwinism:Evolution, Human Nature, and Literature. New York:Routledge,2004.
Carroll, Jerome. Art at the Limits of Perception:The Aesthetic Theory of Wolfgang Welsch. Bern:Peter Lang,2006.
Carroll, Joseph. Reading Human Nature:Literary Darwinism in Theory and Practice. Albany, NY:State University of New York Press,2011.
Carson, Rachel. The Sense of Wonder. New edition. New York:Harper Collins,1998.
Curtis L. Carter,ed. International Yearbook of Aesthetics, Vol.13,2009
Coupe, Laurence. The Green Studies Reader:from Romanticism to Ecocriticism. New York:Routledge,2000.
Dawkins, Richard. The Selfish Gene:30th Anniversary Edition. Oxford:Oxford UP, 2006.
Deming, Alison Hawthorne, Writing the Sacred into the Real. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Milkweed Editions,2001.
Deutsch, Eliot. Studies in Comparative Aesthetics. Honolulu:University of Hawaii Press,1975.
Devall, Bill & George Sessions. Deep ecology. Salt Lake City, Utah:G.M. Smith,1985.
Dillard, Annie, Encounters with Chinese Writers. Middletown, Connecticut:Wesleyan University Press,1984.
Dillard, Annie. For the Time Being. New York, NY:Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2000.
Dillard, Annie, Pilgrim at Tinker Creek, New York:Harper Perennial, a Division of Harper Collins Publishers,1974.
Dillard, Annie. The Writing Life. New York:Harper & Row, Publishers,1989.
Doerr, Marilyn. Currere and the Environmental Autobiography:a Phenonmenological Approach to the Teaching of Ecology. Bern:Peter Lang,2004.
Dolis, John & Fairleigh Dickinson. Tracking Thoreau:Double-Crossing Nature And Technology. Rutherford, NJ:Fairleigh Dickinson University Press,2005.
Drengson, Alan & Yuichi Inoue. The Deep Ecology Movement:An Introductory Anthology. Berkeley, CA:North Atlantic Books,1995.
Eccy, De Jonge. Spinoza and Deep Ecology:Challenging Traditional Approaches to Environmentalism. Burlington, VT:Ashgate,2004.
Elkholy, Sharin N. ed. The Philosophy of the Beats. Lexington:University Press of Kentucky, c2012.
Essen, Carl von. Ecomysticism:The Profound Experience of Nature as Spiritual Guide. Inner Traditions/Bear & Co,2010.
Felttwell, John. The Naturalist's Garden. Forward by Anthony Huxley. Topsfield Mass.: Salem House Publishers,1987.
Ferry, Luc. The New Ecological Order. Chicago, Illinois:University of Chicago Press, 1995.
Finch, Robert & John Elder, eds. The Norton Book of Nature Writing. New York: Norton.2002.
Fox, Warwick. Toward a Transpersonal Ecology:Developing New Foundations for Environmentalism. Albany, NY:SUNY Press,1990.
Fromm, Erich. On Being Human. London and New York City:Continuum International Publishing Group,1997.
Fromm, Harold. The Nature of Being Human:from Environmentalism to Consciousness. Baltimore, Md.:Johns Hopkins University Press, c2009.
Jeffers, Robinson. "Oh Lovely Rock." The Wild God of the World. Ed. Albert Gelpi. Stanford, CA:Stanford UP,2003.
Koren, Leonard. Wabi-Sabi:For Artists, Designers, Poets & Philosophers. Point Reyes, CA.:Imperfect Publishing,1994.
Garrard, Greg. Ecocriticism. London:Taylor & Francis Group,2011.
Gergen, Kenneth J. Relational Being:Beyond Self and Community:Beyond Self and Community. New York:Oxford University Press,2009.
Girardot, N. J. & James Miller eds. Daoism and Ecology:Ways within a Cosmic Landscape. Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.:Center for the Study of World Religions,2001.
Glotfelty, Cheryll, and Harold Fromm, eds., The Ecocriticism Reader:Landmarks in Literary Ecology. Athens:University of Georgia P,1996.
Goodbody, A. "The Nomad as Theoretical and Literary Model of Ecological Inhabitation in a Globalised World." In:Oppermann, S., Ozdag, U.; Ozkan, N. and Slovic, S., eds. The Future of Ecocriticism:New Horizons. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars,2011.
Gore, Al. An Inconvenient Truth. Emmaus, Pennsylvania:Rodale,2006.
Gottlieb, Roger S. This Sacred Earth:Religion, Nature, Environment. New York: Routledge,1996
Gottschall, Jonathan & David Sloan Wilson. The Literary Animal:Evolution and the Nature of Narrative. Evanston, Illinois:Northwestern University Press,2005.
Harrison, Robert Pogue. Gardens:An Essay on the Human Condition. Chicago, Illinois. University of Chicago Press,2008.
Heise, Ursula. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet:The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York:Oxford UP,2008.
Heise, Ursula K. Chronoschisms:Time, Narrative, and Postmodernism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1997.
Herman, A. L. Community, Violence, and Peace:Aldo Leopold, Mohandas K. Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Gautama the Buddha in the Twenty-First Century.Albany, NY:SUNY Press,1999.
Herndl, A., Carl George & Stuart Cameron Brown. Green Culture:Environmental Rhetoric in Contemporary America. Madison, Wisconsin:Univ of Wisconsin Press,1996.
Huxley, Aldous. The Perennial Philosophy. London:Chatto and Windus,1958.
Iyer, Pico. The Global Soul:Jet Lag, Shopping Malls, and the Search for Home. New York:Vintage,2000.
Izutsu and Toyo, Toshiko. The Theory of Beauty in the Classical Aesthetics of Japan. Boston:Martinus Nijhoff,1981.
Jeffers, Robinson. The Collected Poetry of Robinson Jeffers. Stanford, Calif.:Stanford University Press,2002.
Karman, James. Robinson Jeffers:Poet of California. Ashland OR.:Story Line Press, 1995.
Katz, Eric, Andrew Light & David Rothenberg eds. Beneath the Surface:Critical Essays in the Philosophy of Deep Ecology. Cambridge, Mass.:MIT Press,2000.
Keulartz, Jozef. Struggle for Nature:a Critique of Radical Ecology. Translated by Rob Kuitenbrouwer. London; New York:Routledge,1998.
Krutch, Joseph Wood, Henry David Thore.au, New York:W. Sloane Associates 1948.
Ladino, Jennifer K.. Reclaiming Nostalgia:Longing for Nature in American Literature. Charlottesville and London:University of Virginia Press,2012
Lafleur, William. The Karma of Words:Buddhism and the Literary Arts in Medieval Japan. Berkeley:University of California Press,1983.
Leftow, Brian. Time and Eternity. Ithaca and London:Cornell U P,1991.
Leopold, Aldo & Charles Walsh Schwartz. Sand County Almanac:And Sketches Here and There. New York:Oxford University Press,1989.
Love, Glen A. Practical Ecocriticism:Literature, Biology, and the Environment, Charlottesville and London:University of Virginia Press,2003.
Lutts, Ralph H. The Nature Fakers:Wildlife, Science & Sentiment.Berkley, Los Angels California:University of Virginia Press,2001.
Lynch, Tom, Cheryll Glotfelty & Karla Armbruster. The Bioregional Imagination: Literature, Ecology, and Place. Athens, Georgia:University of Georgia Press, 2012.
Lynch, Tom. Xerophilia:Ecocritical Explorations in Southwestern Literature. Lubbock: Texas Tech UP,2008.
Macy, Joanna & Molly Young Brown. Coming Back to Life:Practices to Reconnect Our Lives, Our world. Foreword by Matthew Fox. Gabriola Island, BC, Canada; Stony Creek, CT.:New Society Publishers, c1998.
Mandoki, Katya. Everyday Aesthetics:Prosaics, the Play of Culture and Social Identities. Burlington, VT:Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.,2007.
Marra, Michael ed. Modern Japanese Aesthetics:A Reader. Honoiulu:University of Hawaii Press,1999.
Marsh, G. Perkins. Man and Nature:Or, Physical Geography as Modified by Human Action. Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1965.
Marshall, Ian. Story Line:Exploring the Literature of the Appalachian Trail. Charlottesville and London:University of Virginia Press,1998.
Marshall, Ian. Peak Experiences:Walking Meditations on Literature, Nature, and Need. Charlottesville and London:University, Press of Virginia,2003.
Marshall, Ian. Walden by Haiku, Athens:University of Georgia Press,2009.
Marx, Leo. The Machine in the Garden:Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America. New York:Oxford University Press,1980.
Maslow, Abraham H. Religions, values, and peak-experiences. NewYork:The Viking Press,1973.
Maslow, Abraham H. The Farther Reaches of Human Nature. NewYork:The Viking Press,1971.
Mathews, Freya. The Ecological Self. London:Taylor & Francis Group,1991.
Mclntosh, James. Thoreau as Romantic Naturalist:His Shifting Stance toward Nature. Ithaca and London:Cornell University Press,1974.
Morton, Timothy Ecology Without Nature:Rethinking Environmental Aesthetics. Harvard University Press,2007.
Naess, Arne & David Rothenberg. Ecology, Community and Lifestyle:Outline of an Ecosophy. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1990.
Naess, Arne, Alan R. Drengson & Harold Glasser. The Selected Works of Arne Naess: Volumes 1-10. Dordrecht, The Netherlands:Springer,2005.
Naess, Arne. Spinoza and the Deep Ecology Movement Spinoza and the Deep Ecology Movement. Delft, The Netherlands:Eburon.1993.
Nabhan, Gary Paul & Stephen Trimble. The Geography of Childhood:Why Children Need Wild Places. Boston:Beacon Press.1994.
Nash, Roderick. Wilderness and the American Mind. Fourth Edition. New Haven and London:Yale University Press,2001.
Neville, Robert C. Eternity and Time's Flow. Albany, NY:SUNY Press,1993.
Oelschlaeger, Max. The Idea of Wilderness:From Prehistory to the Age of Ecology. New Heaven:Yale University Press,1991.
Odin, Steve. Artistic Detachment in Japan and the West. Honolulu:University of Hawaii,2001.
Oldmeadow. Harry. Frithjof Schuon and the Perennial Philosophy. Bloomington, Indiana:World Wisdom, Inc,2010.
Ornstein, Robert, and Paul Ehrlich. New World New Mind:Moving Toward Conscious Evolution. New York:Doubleday,1989.
Peterson, Anna L. Being Human:Ethics, Environment, and Our Place in the World. Berkley, Los Angels California:University of California Press,2001.
Peterson, Anna L. Everyday Ethics and Social Change:The Education of Desire. New York Chichester, West Sussex:Columbia University Press,2009.
Phillips, Dana. The Truth of Ecology:Nature, Culture, and Literature in America. New York:Oxford University Press,2003.
Piaget, Jean & Barbel Inhelder. Child's Conception of Space:Selected Works. New York: Routledge,1997.
Plumwood,Val. Environmental Culture:The Ecological Crisis of Reason. New York: Routledge,2002.
Plumwood, Val. Feminism and the Mastery of Nature. New York:Routledge,1993.
Rigby, Catherine E. Topographies of the Sacred:The Poetics Of Place In European Romanticism.Charlottesville and London:University of Virginia Press,2004.
Robinson, David. Natural Life:Thoreau's Worldly Transcendentalism. Ithaca and London:Cornell University Press,2004.
Rudy, John G., Wordsworth and the Zen Mind:The Poetry of Self-Emptying. Albany: State U of New York P,1996.
Sanders, Scott Russell. Staying Put:Making a Home in a Restless World. Beacon Press, 1994.
Slovic, Scott. Getting Over the Color Green:Contemporary Environmental Literature of the Southwest. Tucson, Arizona:University of Arizona Press,2001.
Slovic, Scott. Going Away to Think:Engagement, Retreat, and Ecocritical Responsibility. Reno, Nevada. University of Nevada Press,2008.
Slovic, Scott. Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing:Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, Utah: University of Utah Press,1992.
Sessions, George. Deep Ecology for the Twenty-First Century:Readings on the Philosophy and Practice of the New Environmentalism. Boston:Shambhala. 1995.
Schneider, Richard J. Thoreau's sense of place Iowa City, Iowa:University Of Iowa Press,2000.
Scheese, Don. Nature Writing:The Pastoral Impulse in America. New York:Twayne Publishers,1996.
Shusterman, Richard. Body Consciousness:A Philosohy of Mindfulness and Somaesthetics. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2008.
Snyder, Gary. A Place in Space:Ethics, Aesthetics, and Watersheds. Washigton, D.C.: Counterpoint,1995, p.210.
Spretnak, Charlene. The Resurgence of the Real:Body, Nature and Place in a Hypermodern World. London:Taylor & Francis Group,2012.
Stace, Walter T. The Teachings of Mystics. New York:The New American Library, 1960.
Suzuki, D.T. Zen and Japanese Culture. Princeton:Princeton University Press,1973
Swearer, Donald K.& Susan Lloyd McGarry, eds. Ecology and the Environment: Perspectives from the Humanities. Cambridge, Mass.:Center for the Study of World Religions, Distributed by Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press, c2009.
Thoreau, Henry David. A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden; The Maine Woods; Cape Cod. New York City:The Library of America,1985.
Toadvine, Ted. Merleau-Ponty's Philosophy of Nature. Evanston, Ⅲinois: Northwestern University Press,2009.
Tuan, Yi-Fu. Topophilia:a Study of Environmental Perception, Attitudes, and Values. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice-Hall,1974.
Tuan, Yi-Fu. Cosmos and Hearth——A Cosmopolite's Viewpoint. Minneapolis, MN.: University of Minnesota Press,1999.
Tuan, Yi-Fu. Space and Place the Perspective of Experience Space and Place:The Perspective of Experience. Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press,1977.
Vogel, Steven:Against Nature:the Concept of Nature in Critical Theory. Albany.. NY:SUNY Press,1996.
Walker, Gordon. Environmental Justice:Concepts, Evidence and Politics. Abingdon. Oxon; New York:Routledge, c2012.
Walsh, Roger, and Frances Vaughan, eds. Paths beyond ego:the transpersonal vision. Los Angeles, CA:J.P. Tarcher/Perigee,1993.
West, Rinda. "Ecopsychology and Healing." Out of the Shadow:Ecopsychology, Story, and Encounters with the Land. Charlottesville and London:University of Virginia P,2007.21-23.
Whitley,David S. The Idea of Nature in Disney Animation. Burlington, VT:Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.,2008.
Wieland, Friedemann. The Journey of the Hero:Personal Growth, Deep Ecology and the Quest for the Grail. Rancho Mirage, CA:Prism Press,1991.
Williams, Raymond. The Country and the City. New York:Oxford University Press, 1975.
Wilson, Edward Osborne. Biophilia. Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press, 1984.
Wilson, Edward O. Consilience:the Unity of Knowledge. New York:Knopf: Distributed by Random House,1998.
Wolfe, Alan. The Human Difference:Animals, Computers, and the Necessity of Social Science. Berkley, Los Angels California:University of California Press,1994.
Worster, Donald, Nature's Economy:A History of Ecological Ideas. New York: Cambridge University Press,1994.507p.
Worster, Donald. The Wealth of Nature:Environmental History and the Ecological Imagination. New York:Oxford University Press,1993.
Wyck, Peter C. Van. Primitives in the Wilderness:Deep Ecology and the Missing Human Subject. Albany:State University of New York Press, c1997.
Zimmerman, Michael. Contesting Earth's Future:Radical Ecology and Postmodernity. Berkley, Los Angeis California:University of California Press,1994.
Zimmerman, Michael E. & J. Baird Callicott, Environmental Philosophy:from Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice Hall,1998.
杨积祥：《奈斯深层生态学思想研究》,合肥工业大学硕士论文,2009年。
张玲：《从日本人的自然观来考察日本人的美意识》,上海外国语大学硕士论文,2006年。
Zhang, Hongfeng. The Endless Pilgrimage:Time and Eternity in Wordsworth's Poetry, Beijing Foreign Studies Univerity,2009.
陈红兵：《佛教生态观研究现状述评》,载《五台山研究》2008年第2期60-64页。
程虹：《荒野情结》,载《读书》2011年第2期。
程虹：《我们的村庄》,载《读书》2013年第1期。
程相占：《身体美学与日常生活中的审美活动》,载《文艺争鸣》2010年第9期。
[英]格雷格·杰拉德Greg Garrard):《生态批评与学科融合：论共栖思想》,朱利华译,载《鄱阳湖学刊》,2012年第2期,第122-128页。
杜维明：《新儒家人文主义的生态转向：对中国和世界的启发》,载《中国哲学史》2002年第2期,第5-20页。
李庆霞：《片言谁解诉秋心—试论林黛玉诗歌的追问意识》,载《海南大学学报：人文社会科学版》2002年第20卷第1期,第77-83页。
李育红,魏丽华：《冯友兰天地境界说对生态伦理学的意义》,载《甘肃联合大学学报》(社会科学版)第22卷第2期(2006年4月)第19-21页。
卢风：《天地境界说对生态伦理的启示》,载《学术月刊》2002年第4期第5-12页。
蒙培元：《为什么说中国哲学是深层生态学》,载《新视野》2002年6月。
[美]斯科特·斯洛维克(Scott Slovic):《学术期刊“走出去”：中国学术国际对话的桥梁——访<文学与环境跨学科研究>主编斯科特·斯洛维克》,载《中国社会科学报》总第392期2012年12月14日。
[美]斯科特·斯洛维克(Scott Slovic):《自然大美：中国文学中的传统生态思想》,
姜红译,载《中国社会科学报》2012年12月7日第389期。
斯科特·斯洛维克(Scott Slovic):《“调整“大地情结”的层级：一种跨层级思维模式”》苏州大学学报即出。
叶舒宪：《再论20世纪西方思想的“东方转向”》,载《文艺理论与批评》2003年第3期。
弗朗索瓦·于连：《为什么西方人研究哲学不能绕过中国》,《跨文化对话》第5辑,邹琰译,上海文化出版社2001年,第146-156、148页。
曾繁仁：《论我国新时期生态美学的产生与发展》,载《陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2009年第02期。
郑娴：《阿伦·奈斯“生态智慧T”：批判及回应》,载《兰州学刊》2007年第8期,第20-21页。
周纪文：《论和谐美学思想的理论和历史价值——周来祥和谐美学思想的发展、特色与核心观念》,载《社会科学战线》·2009年第11期。
Abram, David. "Merleau-Ponty and the Voice of the Earth." Environmental Ethics, volume 10 (1988):pp.101-120.
Armand, Barton Levi St. "The Book of Nature and American Nature Writing:Codex, Index, Contexts, Prospects." ISLE 4, no.1 (Spring 1997):29-42.
Biehl, Janet and Murray Bookchin. "Theses on Social Ecology and Deep Ecology." Left Green Perspectives, No.33 (October 1995):1.
Gaard, Greta. "Ecofeminism Revisited:Rejecting Essentialism and Replacing Species in a Material Feminist Environmentalism." Feminist Formations 23:2 (2011): 26-53.
Guha, Ramachandra. "Radical American Environmentalism and Wilderness Preservation:A Third World Critique." Environmentalist Ethics 11, (spring 1989): pp.71-83.
Miller, James. "Ecology, Aesthetics and Daoist Body Cultivation." 1 December 2012. Visit www.iamesmiller.ca.
Marshall, Ian. "Tale of the Wonderful Hunt." ISLE 6, no.2 (Summer 1999):83-98.
O'Grady, John P. "How Sustainable is the Idea of Sustainability?" ISLE10, no.1 (Winter 2003):1-10.
Slovic, Scott. Re-Scaling Geo-Loyalty:Considering Expressions of Trans-Scalar Thinking. Unpublished Paper.
Slovic, Scott. "The Third Wave." Ecozon@ 1.1 (April 2010)
Slovic, Scott. "The Shape of the'I'in Ecological Context." ELN (Spring 2012).