长岭断陷深层地震勘探采集处理技术研究
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摘要
长岭断陷深层勘探面临着地表及深层地震地质条件复杂、干扰波干扰严重，所获资料信噪比低，给地震采集和资料处理带来了许多技术难题。这就要求我们除了应用以往成熟的采集技术组合和深层资料处理技术，还要有所技术创新，才能满足吉林探区深层勘探的需求。
本论文在总结前人研究成果基础上，应用采集处理新技术对长岭断陷深层勘探进行了综合研究。首先针对表层条件复杂，采集利用提高深层弱反射信号信噪比的激发技术和接收技术，提高了激发子波的能量和信噪比，拓宽了激发子波的绝对频宽。同时还有效地压制了面波、折射波和高频环境噪声干扰，提高资料的信噪比和分辨率。真正做到了高保真、高信噪比，改善破碎构造带的成像效果。其次针对高速层纵横向上速度、厚度变化快，表层异常区无稳定的折射界面，处理利用能量补偿技术、叠前去噪技术、层析静校正技术、提高深层分辨率的技术、偏移孔径的选取和反假频技术、速度模型的建立和修正技术和叠前深度偏移方法的应用技术，做到了高保幅、能量均衡，消除了低幅构造的影响，提高深层资料的成像精度和可信度。使最终所获得的地震资料能够满足深层解释的需求和达到火山岩预测、识别、落实构造的目的。
There are difficulties on deep seismic exploration of Changling Fault Depression: theseismic and geological condition is complex of surface and deep, the interference wavejamming is serious, the signal-to-noise ratio of data is low, and these bring many technicalproblems to the seismic acquisition and data processing. So we should not only use previousmature technologies including combine acquisition and deep data processing technology, butalso make technical innovation to meet the demand of deep seismic exploration in Jilin.In this paper, based on previous research results, new techniques of seismic acquisition andprocessing are used in the integrated research on deep exploration of Changling FaultDepression. First, according to the complex surface conditions, the stimulating and receivingtechniques are used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the weak reflected signal in deep,the energy and signal-to-noise ratio of the stimulating wavelet are improved, and the absolutefrequency width of the stimulating wavelet is broaden. The interference of surface wave,refraction wave and high frequency environmental noise are also suppressed effectively, andthe signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of seismic data are improved. Truly high fidelity andhigh signal-to-noise ratio are realized, and the imaging effect of the crushing structural belt isimproved. Then, according to the fast change of the layer thickness and speed and the surfaceabnormality area without stable refraction interface, the seismic processing technologies areused, including the energy compensation technology, the prestack denoising technology, thechromatography static technology, the technology improving the deep resolution, the selectionof migration aperture and the technology against false frequency, the velocity model buildingand correction techniques and the application technology of prestack depth migration method,and the high amplitude-preserved processing and energy balance are realized, the influence oflow amplitude structure is eliminated, and the imaging precision and reliability of deep dataare improved. And the final seismic data can meet the needs of the deep seismic explanationand to the purpose of the volcanic prediction and identification, and the structure implementare reached.
本论文在总结前人研究成果基础上，应用采集处理新技术对长岭断陷深层勘探进行了综合研究。首先针对表层条件复杂，采集利用提高深层弱反射信号信噪比的激发技术和接收技术，提高了激发子波的能量和信噪比，拓宽了激发子波的绝对频宽。同时还有效地压制了面波、折射波和高频环境噪声干扰，提高资料的信噪比和分辨率。真正做到了高保真、高信噪比，改善破碎构造带的成像效果。其次针对高速层纵横向上速度、厚度变化快，表层异常区无稳定的折射界面，处理利用能量补偿技术、叠前去噪技术、层析静校正技术、提高深层分辨率的技术、偏移孔径的选取和反假频技术、速度模型的建立和修正技术和叠前深度偏移方法的应用技术，做到了高保幅、能量均衡，消除了低幅构造的影响，提高深层资料的成像精度和可信度。使最终所获得的地震资料能够满足深层解释的需求和达到火山岩预测、识别、落实构造的目的。
There are difficulties on deep seismic exploration of Changling Fault Depression: theseismic and geological condition is complex of surface and deep, the interference wavejamming is serious, the signal-to-noise ratio of data is low, and these bring many technicalproblems to the seismic acquisition and data processing. So we should not only use previousmature technologies including combine acquisition and deep data processing technology, butalso make technical innovation to meet the demand of deep seismic exploration in Jilin.In this paper, based on previous research results, new techniques of seismic acquisition andprocessing are used in the integrated research on deep exploration of Changling FaultDepression. First, according to the complex surface conditions, the stimulating and receivingtechniques are used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the weak reflected signal in deep,the energy and signal-to-noise ratio of the stimulating wavelet are improved, and the absolutefrequency width of the stimulating wavelet is broaden. The interference of surface wave,refraction wave and high frequency environmental noise are also suppressed effectively, andthe signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of seismic data are improved. Truly high fidelity andhigh signal-to-noise ratio are realized, and the imaging effect of the crushing structural belt isimproved. Then, according to the fast change of the layer thickness and speed and the surfaceabnormality area without stable refraction interface, the seismic processing technologies areused, including the energy compensation technology, the prestack denoising technology, thechromatography static technology, the technology improving the deep resolution, the selectionof migration aperture and the technology against false frequency, the velocity model buildingand correction techniques and the application technology of prestack depth migration method,and the high amplitude-preserved processing and energy balance are realized, the influence oflow amplitude structure is eliminated, and the imaging precision and reliability of deep dataare improved. And the final seismic data can meet the needs of the deep seismic explanationand to the purpose of the volcanic prediction and identification, and the structure implementare reached.
引文
[1]张秀红.深层三维地震勘探数据采集技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):358-362.
[2]邓志文,倪宇东,陈学强,胡永贵,李振华,白焕新.复杂山地三维地震勘探采集技术[J].石油物探,2002,47(1):15-22.
[3]俞建宝,曹荣.提高南方山地地震采集质量管理的思考[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(3):157-162.
[4]陈树凯.低信噪比地区地震采集技术[C].中国地球物理学会.第22届年会论文集,北京市,2006.北京市,中国地球物理学会:230.
[5]A.J, Berkhout et al.Comprehensive assessment of seismic acquisition geometries by focalbeams [J].Geophysics,2001,66(3):911-931.
[6]成爱民.四川盆地镇巴山地地震勘探野外采集方法研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学.2006:37-62.
[7]唐云,李显贵,邱华,刘胜.宽方位地震资料采集观测系统设计初探[J].石油物探,2003,42(2):233-236.
[8]李录明.复杂三维表层模型层析反演与静校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6):636-641.
[9] Symes, W. W., Reverse time migration with optical checkpointing[J].Geophysics,2007,72(5):213–221.
[10] Gonghe Lv.Application of a new qeneration of geophonesto improve seismicacquisitionin onshore-offshore transition areas[J]. Applied Geophysics,2005,2(4):41-46+67.
[11]凌云.大地吸收衰减分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1):1-8.
[12]赵军国,宋玉龙,魏福吉,高中录.山前带地震采集技术研究—新疆和田桑株地区采集实例[J].石油物探,2003,42(2):224-228.
[13]孙建国.复杂地表条件下地球物理场数值模拟方法评述[J].世界地质,2007,26(3):81-98.
[14] Gijs J O Vermeer.3D seismic survey design[M].Geophsical References, SEG,2002:1-2,21-25.
[15] DavidL,Donoho,Member,IEEE.Compressed sensing[J]. IEEE Transactions onInformationTheory,2006,52(4):1289–1306.
[16] Gilles,Lambare,Stephane Operto,PascalPodvin,PhilippeThierry.3-D ray+Boremigration/inversion[J]. Geophysics,2003,68(4):1348-1356.
[17] Candès, E. J., L. Demanet, D. L. Donoho, L. Ying. SIAM Multiscale Modeling andSimulation[M]. Fast discretecurvelet transforms,2006,05:861–899.
[18]王志,贺振华,薛彬,黄德济,王熙明,周亚同.广角反射研究及高斯射线正演模拟分析[J].成都理工学院学报,2002,39(1):9-16.
[19]郝守玲.横向变速介质物理模拟研究[C].中国地球物理学会.第22届年会论文集,北京市,2006.北京市,中国地球物理学会:309.
[20]李辉峰.地震勘探中检波器组合之组内距选择方法探讨[J].物探化计算技术,2002,24(2):294-297.
[21]丁建荣,毛凤鸣,郝天珧.表层火成岩覆盖地区的表层结构调查[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):218-224.
[22]王振华,袁明生,阎玉魁,陈志勇,由福报.复杂地表条件下的静校正方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,47(5):4+33-46+128.
[23] Berkhout, A. J., and D. J.Verschuur. Focal transformation, an imaging concept for signalrestoration and noise removal[J]. Geophysics,2006,71(6):55–59.
[24]邹强.山地静校正若干问题研究[D].成都:成都理工大学.2004:15-25.
[25]王克斌.复杂地表条件下初至折射波静校正方法研究[D].成都:成都理工大学.2004:13-17.
[26]张恒超.叠前多域去噪技术应用开发研究[D].北京:中国地质大学.2006:17-60.
[27]华勇.折射层析静校正方法及其应用效果[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(5):54-56+68.
[28]冯泽元,李培明,唐海忠,焦文龙.利用层析反演技术解决山地复杂区静校正问题[J].石油物探,2005,44(3):284-287.
[29]林伯香,孙晶梅,徐颖,李博.几种常用静校正方法的讨论[J].石油物探,2006,45(4):5+46-51.
[30]杨锴,江凡,程玖兵,马在田.适用于任意起伏基准面的波动方程基准面校正处理策略
[C].中国地球物理学会.第22届年会论文集,北京市,2006.北京市,中国地球物理学会:94-95.
[31]王丽娜,王建民,王元波,任林伟,王春梅.DMO校正技术在深层地震资料处理中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2003,22(5):66-67+81.
[32]彭更新,梁顺军.山区复杂构造低信噪比地震资料的修饰性处理[J].石油物探,2004,43(3):5+50-56.
[33]]麻三怀,杨长春,孙福利,黄伟传.克希霍夫叠前时间偏移技术在复杂构造带地震资料处理中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,22(3):754-760.
[34] Whitcombe D N.Extended elastic impedance for fluid and lithology prediction[J].Geophysics,2002,67(l):63-67.
[35] Figueiredo, M., R. Nowak. An EM algorithm for wavelet-basedimage restoration.IEEETransactions on Image Processing[J].Geophysics,2003,12(8):906–916.
[36]]王汝珍,袁联生,李鹏,陈杰,武永山.三维叠前时间偏移技术在塔河地区的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(5):360-365.
[37]]陈海洋.三维叠前时间偏移技术在江苏高邮凹陷的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,(45)3:21+59-63+150.
[38]Liu Shouwei,Geng Jianhua, Feng Wei.Controlled illumination and seismic acquisitiongeometry for target-oriented imaging[J]. Applied Geophysics,2005,2(4):230-235.
[39]]唐云,李显贵,邱华,刘胜.宽方位地震资料采集观测系统设计初探[J].石油物探,2003,42(3):233-236.
[40]]李仲远,刘胜,郭勇.基于目标的三维观测系统设计——以百色盆地北部陡坡带实际应用为例[J].石油物探,2006,45(3):233-236.
[41]]尹成,吕公河,田继东,徐锦玺,尚应军.基于地球物理目标参数的三维观测系统优化设计[J].石油物探,2006,45(1):6-7+81-85.
[2]邓志文,倪宇东,陈学强,胡永贵,李振华,白焕新.复杂山地三维地震勘探采集技术[J].石油物探,2002,47(1):15-22.
[3]俞建宝,曹荣.提高南方山地地震采集质量管理的思考[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(3):157-162.
[4]陈树凯.低信噪比地区地震采集技术[C].中国地球物理学会.第22届年会论文集,北京市,2006.北京市,中国地球物理学会:230.
[5]A.J, Berkhout et al.Comprehensive assessment of seismic acquisition geometries by focalbeams [J].Geophysics,2001,66(3):911-931.
[6]成爱民.四川盆地镇巴山地地震勘探野外采集方法研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学.2006:37-62.
[7]唐云,李显贵,邱华,刘胜.宽方位地震资料采集观测系统设计初探[J].石油物探,2003,42(2):233-236.
[8]李录明.复杂三维表层模型层析反演与静校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6):636-641.
[9] Symes, W. W., Reverse time migration with optical checkpointing[J].Geophysics,2007,72(5):213–221.
[10] Gonghe Lv.Application of a new qeneration of geophonesto improve seismicacquisitionin onshore-offshore transition areas[J]. Applied Geophysics,2005,2(4):41-46+67.
[11]凌云.大地吸收衰减分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1):1-8.
[12]赵军国,宋玉龙,魏福吉,高中录.山前带地震采集技术研究—新疆和田桑株地区采集实例[J].石油物探,2003,42(2):224-228.
[13]孙建国.复杂地表条件下地球物理场数值模拟方法评述[J].世界地质,2007,26(3):81-98.
[14] Gijs J O Vermeer.3D seismic survey design[M].Geophsical References, SEG,2002:1-2,21-25.
[15] DavidL,Donoho,Member,IEEE.Compressed sensing[J]. IEEE Transactions onInformationTheory,2006,52(4):1289–1306.
[16] Gilles,Lambare,Stephane Operto,PascalPodvin,PhilippeThierry.3-D ray+Boremigration/inversion[J]. Geophysics,2003,68(4):1348-1356.
[17] Candès, E. J., L. Demanet, D. L. Donoho, L. Ying. SIAM Multiscale Modeling andSimulation[M]. Fast discretecurvelet transforms,2006,05:861–899.
[18]王志,贺振华,薛彬,黄德济,王熙明,周亚同.广角反射研究及高斯射线正演模拟分析[J].成都理工学院学报,2002,39(1):9-16.
[19]郝守玲.横向变速介质物理模拟研究[C].中国地球物理学会.第22届年会论文集,北京市,2006.北京市,中国地球物理学会:309.
[20]李辉峰.地震勘探中检波器组合之组内距选择方法探讨[J].物探化计算技术,2002,24(2):294-297.
[21]丁建荣,毛凤鸣,郝天珧.表层火成岩覆盖地区的表层结构调查[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):218-224.
[22]王振华,袁明生,阎玉魁,陈志勇,由福报.复杂地表条件下的静校正方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,47(5):4+33-46+128.
[23] Berkhout, A. J., and D. J.Verschuur. Focal transformation, an imaging concept for signalrestoration and noise removal[J]. Geophysics,2006,71(6):55–59.
[24]邹强.山地静校正若干问题研究[D].成都:成都理工大学.2004:15-25.
[25]王克斌.复杂地表条件下初至折射波静校正方法研究[D].成都:成都理工大学.2004:13-17.
[26]张恒超.叠前多域去噪技术应用开发研究[D].北京:中国地质大学.2006:17-60.
[27]华勇.折射层析静校正方法及其应用效果[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(5):54-56+68.
[28]冯泽元,李培明,唐海忠,焦文龙.利用层析反演技术解决山地复杂区静校正问题[J].石油物探,2005,44(3):284-287.
[29]林伯香,孙晶梅,徐颖,李博.几种常用静校正方法的讨论[J].石油物探,2006,45(4):5+46-51.
[30]杨锴,江凡,程玖兵,马在田.适用于任意起伏基准面的波动方程基准面校正处理策略
[C].中国地球物理学会.第22届年会论文集,北京市,2006.北京市,中国地球物理学会:94-95.
[31]王丽娜,王建民,王元波,任林伟,王春梅.DMO校正技术在深层地震资料处理中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2003,22(5):66-67+81.
[32]彭更新,梁顺军.山区复杂构造低信噪比地震资料的修饰性处理[J].石油物探,2004,43(3):5+50-56.
[33]]麻三怀,杨长春,孙福利,黄伟传.克希霍夫叠前时间偏移技术在复杂构造带地震资料处理中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,22(3):754-760.
[34] Whitcombe D N.Extended elastic impedance for fluid and lithology prediction[J].Geophysics,2002,67(l):63-67.
[35] Figueiredo, M., R. Nowak. An EM algorithm for wavelet-basedimage restoration.IEEETransactions on Image Processing[J].Geophysics,2003,12(8):906–916.
[36]]王汝珍,袁联生,李鹏,陈杰,武永山.三维叠前时间偏移技术在塔河地区的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(5):360-365.
[37]]陈海洋.三维叠前时间偏移技术在江苏高邮凹陷的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,(45)3:21+59-63+150.
[38]Liu Shouwei,Geng Jianhua, Feng Wei.Controlled illumination and seismic acquisitiongeometry for target-oriented imaging[J]. Applied Geophysics,2005,2(4):230-235.
[39]]唐云,李显贵,邱华,刘胜.宽方位地震资料采集观测系统设计初探[J].石油物探,2003,42(3):233-236.
[40]]李仲远,刘胜,郭勇.基于目标的三维观测系统设计——以百色盆地北部陡坡带实际应用为例[J].石油物探,2006,45(3):233-236.
[41]]尹成,吕公河,田继东,徐锦玺,尚应军.基于地球物理目标参数的三维观测系统优化设计[J].石油物探,2006,45(1):6-7+81-85.