松辽盆地徐深气田多波多分量地震资料处理技术研究
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摘要
本文针对松辽盆地深层火山岩复杂勘探目标的特点,在充分吸收、消化国内外已有技术的基础上,紧紧围绕松辽盆地深层火山岩地质目标,对多波地震勘探处理技术和方法展开了研究,通过对多波多分量地震资料处理技术系统研究,分析了数字检波器接收的地震资料提高分辨率的潜力;形成了独创性的转换波静校正和叠前时间偏移方法;建立了适合深层火山岩勘探的二维三分量地震资料处理流程。
数字检波器和模拟检波器采集的地震资料对比表明,数字检波器资料优势频带宽度要宽10Hz～15Hz,但是信噪比较模拟检波器偏低。叠后剖面及频谱的对比表明数字检波器采集的资料对于小断层的刻画更清晰,而且频谱高频端衰减较模拟检波器慢。
本文提出了转换波组合静校正方法,即采用基于三分量微测井的模型静校正量的低频分量和基于共接收点叠加道集相干法的高频分量来完成转换波静校正处理。结果表明该方法较好解决了转换波静校正难题,消除了因静校正问题造成的假构造,获得了良好的转换波地震剖面。
提出了转换波叠前时间偏移方法,避免了CCP道集的抽取,应用结果表明,转换波剖面断点、断面更清晰,解决了转换波倾斜层归位和绕射波收敛问题。建立了适合深层火山岩勘探的二维三分量地震资料处理流程,形成了独创性的转换波静校正和叠前时间偏移方法,完成了6条二维测线的纵波及转换波地震资料处理。
Aiming at the exploration complicated geology body characteristic of lava, through system study on multi-components seismic acquisition, processing and interpretation methods, the paper obtains three objectives. Firstly, determine the potential ability enhancing resolution with digital geophone. Secondly, form the original static method and PSTM method for converted wave. Finally, set up a standard processing flow of 2D3C seismic data for deep lava exploration.
The seismic data comparison between from digital geophone and from simulation geophone indicates that the frequency bandwidth of digital geophone is wider 10~15Hz. But the signal and noise (S/N) ratio is lower. The comparison of stack profiles shows that small faults are clearer from digital geophone. High frequency end attenuation of spectrum is slower than analog detector.
This paper brings forward converted wave combination static method, which is combined near-surface model method based on three-component micro-logging with common receiver gathers stack coherent method. The model method solved long-wave static problem, and coherent method can solve short-wave static problem. The combination of the two methods can resolve static problem of P-SV and remove artificial structure for the influence of near-surface. Obtain very good converted wave seismic profile.
Convert wave PSTM method is put forward. The technology of PSTM avoids sorting CCP gathers and application effect is good. Converted wave profile breakpoint and fault section are clearer, solve converted wave slant layer migration and diffracted wave constringency. Set up a standard processing flow of 2D3C seismic data for deep lava exploration. Form the original static method and PSTM method for converted wave, finish 6 2D survey lines longitudinal wave and converted wave seismic data processing.
数字检波器和模拟检波器采集的地震资料对比表明,数字检波器资料优势频带宽度要宽10Hz～15Hz,但是信噪比较模拟检波器偏低。叠后剖面及频谱的对比表明数字检波器采集的资料对于小断层的刻画更清晰,而且频谱高频端衰减较模拟检波器慢。
本文提出了转换波组合静校正方法,即采用基于三分量微测井的模型静校正量的低频分量和基于共接收点叠加道集相干法的高频分量来完成转换波静校正处理。结果表明该方法较好解决了转换波静校正难题,消除了因静校正问题造成的假构造,获得了良好的转换波地震剖面。
提出了转换波叠前时间偏移方法,避免了CCP道集的抽取,应用结果表明,转换波剖面断点、断面更清晰,解决了转换波倾斜层归位和绕射波收敛问题。建立了适合深层火山岩勘探的二维三分量地震资料处理流程,形成了独创性的转换波静校正和叠前时间偏移方法,完成了6条二维测线的纵波及转换波地震资料处理。
Aiming at the exploration complicated geology body characteristic of lava, through system study on multi-components seismic acquisition, processing and interpretation methods, the paper obtains three objectives. Firstly, determine the potential ability enhancing resolution with digital geophone. Secondly, form the original static method and PSTM method for converted wave. Finally, set up a standard processing flow of 2D3C seismic data for deep lava exploration.
The seismic data comparison between from digital geophone and from simulation geophone indicates that the frequency bandwidth of digital geophone is wider 10~15Hz. But the signal and noise (S/N) ratio is lower. The comparison of stack profiles shows that small faults are clearer from digital geophone. High frequency end attenuation of spectrum is slower than analog detector.
This paper brings forward converted wave combination static method, which is combined near-surface model method based on three-component micro-logging with common receiver gathers stack coherent method. The model method solved long-wave static problem, and coherent method can solve short-wave static problem. The combination of the two methods can resolve static problem of P-SV and remove artificial structure for the influence of near-surface. Obtain very good converted wave seismic profile.
Convert wave PSTM method is put forward. The technology of PSTM avoids sorting CCP gathers and application effect is good. Converted wave profile breakpoint and fault section are clearer, solve converted wave slant layer migration and diffracted wave constringency. Set up a standard processing flow of 2D3C seismic data for deep lava exploration. Form the original static method and PSTM method for converted wave, finish 6 2D survey lines longitudinal wave and converted wave seismic data processing.
引文
[1]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 1993.
[2]李录明,罗省贤.多波多分量地震勘探原理及数据处理方法[M].成都:成都理工大学出版社,1999.
[3]张晓斌,李亚林,唐建侯,等.利用多波资料检测裂缝[J].石油地球物理勘探2003,38(4):431～438.
[4]王世瑞,彭苏萍,勾精为,等.应用多波多分量技术预测轮南地区中生界储集体[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(2):61～63.
[5]徐丽萍,杨勤勇.多波多分量地震技术发展与展望[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002, 25(3):47～52.
[6]王光杰,陈东,赵爱华.多波多分量地震探测技术[J].地球物理学进展,2000, 15(1):54～61.
[7]杨德义,彭苏萍.多分量地震勘探技术的现状及进展[J].中国煤田地质,2003, 15(1):51～55.
[8]易维启,唐宗璜,宋吉杰.多波多分量地震勘探在松辽盆地的初步应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(5):663～670.
[9]傅旦丹,何汉漪,朱宏彰.海上多分量地震资料处理技术研究[J].中国海上油气(地质),2003,17(4):259～263.
[10]杨锡锟,沈丽丽.莺歌海盆地多波地震勘探资料的采集与处理[J].中国海上油气(地质),1999,13(5):316～323.
[11]王玉贵,李庆春,朱光明.浅海区多波地震勘探资料采集处理系统试验[J].西安工程学院学报,2202,24(2):51～55.
[12]戚敬华,李萍.利用Tau-p变换技术实现多波波场分离[J].煤田地质与勘探, 1998,26(5):54～57.
[13] Hcharles Wu et al.转换波技术和储层裂缝检测[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 1988,221～236.
[14]尹成,吕公河,田继东,等.基于地球物理目标参数的三维观测系统优化设计[J ].石油物探,2006,45(1):74.
[15]蒋先艺,贺振华,黄德济.地震数据采集新概念[J].物探化探计算技术,2003, 25(2): 130.
[16]凌云研究小组.宽方位角地震勘探应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003, 38(4):350.
[17]凌云,高军,孙德胜,等.宽/窄方位角勘探实例分析与评价(一)[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(3):305.
[18]姬小兵,尚应军,张帆.山地地震勘探采集技术研究[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(1):114.
[19]韩文功,印兴耀,王兴谋,等.地震技术新进展[M].北京:石油大学出版社,2005: 9.
[20]崔树果,刘怀山,魏继东.山地地震勘探采集方法研究[J].西北地质,2004, 37(4):71.
[21]张秀红,乔大军,田新琦.深层三维地震勘探数据采集技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):358.
[22]张丙和,崔樵,裴云广.新型三分量数字检波器DSU3 [J].石油仪器,2005,19(4): 39.
[23] DEN IS MOUGENOT. How digital sensors compare togeophones[M]. Expanded Abstracts CPS/SEG, Inter2national Geophysical conference, 2004.
[24] DEN IS MOUGENOT, NIGEL. MEMS2based 3C accel2erometers for land seismic acquisition: is it time [J]. The Leading Edge, 2004, 3.
[25] Davis T L. Multi-Component Seismology: The next wave [J]. Geophysics, 2001, 66(1):49.
[26] Jack Caldwell. Marine Multi-component Seismology [J]. The Leading Edge, 1999 , 18(1):1274～1276.
[27] Caldwell J. Marine multi-component seismology [J]. The Leading edge, 1999,18,1274～1282
[28] Stewart RR, Gaiser JE et al. Converted-wave seismic exploration: methods [J]. Geophysics, 2002,67(5),1348～1363
[29] Stewart RR, Gaiser JE et al. Converted-wave seismic exploration: Applications [J]. Geophysics, 2003,68(1),40～57
[30] XiuCheng Wei, Yang Liu, 2002, The study of static correction in desert and loose terrain,
[31] 72nd Ann Internet. Mtg., Soc. Expl. Geophys., Expanded Abstracts.
[32] BEARG, LUC, LU R, et al. The construction of sub2surface illumination and amp litude map s via ray tracing [J]. The Leading Edge, 2000, 19: 726.
[33] CHEN L, WU R S. Target2oriented prestack beamletmi2gration using Gabor2Daubechies frames: 72nd Ann. Internat. Mtg, Soc. Exp l [J]. Geophysics, Expanded Abstracts, 2002: 1356.
[34] FENGW. Target2oriented seismic illumination and migration [M]. PhD thesis (in Chinese), Tong ji University, 2003.
[35] FENGW, WANG H Z, WU R S, et al. Synthesized wave migration by target—oriented controlled illumination [J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2004, 43:223.
[36] CHEN X M. Prestack depth migration by target—oriented surface controlled illumination [M]. PhD thesis (in Chinese), Tong ji University, 2004.
[37] CHEN XM, WANG H Z, CHEN J B, et al. Prestack depth migration by surface controlled illumination in target—oriented way: 72nd Ann. Internat. Mtg, Soc. Exp l [J].Geophys, Expanded Abstracts, 2002:1180.
[38] LUO M, CAO J, XIE X B, et al. Comparison of illumination analysis using one– way and full– wave propagators, 74th Ann [J]. Internat. Mtg, Soc. Ex2 p l. Geonhvs. , Expanded Abstracts, 2004: 67.
[39] THOMAS J W, JOHN M. Hufford. Teepee technology applied to the design of P2wave acquisition Part 1 - introduction and tutorial [J]. The Leading Edge, 2004, 1: 16.
[2]李录明,罗省贤.多波多分量地震勘探原理及数据处理方法[M].成都:成都理工大学出版社,1999.
[3]张晓斌,李亚林,唐建侯,等.利用多波资料检测裂缝[J].石油地球物理勘探2003,38(4):431～438.
[4]王世瑞,彭苏萍,勾精为,等.应用多波多分量技术预测轮南地区中生界储集体[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(2):61～63.
[5]徐丽萍,杨勤勇.多波多分量地震技术发展与展望[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002, 25(3):47～52.
[6]王光杰,陈东,赵爱华.多波多分量地震探测技术[J].地球物理学进展,2000, 15(1):54～61.
[7]杨德义,彭苏萍.多分量地震勘探技术的现状及进展[J].中国煤田地质,2003, 15(1):51～55.
[8]易维启,唐宗璜,宋吉杰.多波多分量地震勘探在松辽盆地的初步应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(5):663～670.
[9]傅旦丹,何汉漪,朱宏彰.海上多分量地震资料处理技术研究[J].中国海上油气(地质),2003,17(4):259～263.
[10]杨锡锟,沈丽丽.莺歌海盆地多波地震勘探资料的采集与处理[J].中国海上油气(地质),1999,13(5):316～323.
[11]王玉贵,李庆春,朱光明.浅海区多波地震勘探资料采集处理系统试验[J].西安工程学院学报,2202,24(2):51～55.
[12]戚敬华,李萍.利用Tau-p变换技术实现多波波场分离[J].煤田地质与勘探, 1998,26(5):54～57.
[13] Hcharles Wu et al.转换波技术和储层裂缝检测[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 1988,221～236.
[14]尹成,吕公河,田继东,等.基于地球物理目标参数的三维观测系统优化设计[J ].石油物探,2006,45(1):74.
[15]蒋先艺,贺振华,黄德济.地震数据采集新概念[J].物探化探计算技术,2003, 25(2): 130.
[16]凌云研究小组.宽方位角地震勘探应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003, 38(4):350.
[17]凌云,高军,孙德胜,等.宽/窄方位角勘探实例分析与评价(一)[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(3):305.
[18]姬小兵,尚应军,张帆.山地地震勘探采集技术研究[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(1):114.
[19]韩文功,印兴耀,王兴谋,等.地震技术新进展[M].北京:石油大学出版社,2005: 9.
[20]崔树果,刘怀山,魏继东.山地地震勘探采集方法研究[J].西北地质,2004, 37(4):71.
[21]张秀红,乔大军,田新琦.深层三维地震勘探数据采集技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):358.
[22]张丙和,崔樵,裴云广.新型三分量数字检波器DSU3 [J].石油仪器,2005,19(4): 39.
[23] DEN IS MOUGENOT. How digital sensors compare togeophones[M]. Expanded Abstracts CPS/SEG, Inter2national Geophysical conference, 2004.
[24] DEN IS MOUGENOT, NIGEL. MEMS2based 3C accel2erometers for land seismic acquisition: is it time [J]. The Leading Edge, 2004, 3.
[25] Davis T L. Multi-Component Seismology: The next wave [J]. Geophysics, 2001, 66(1):49.
[26] Jack Caldwell. Marine Multi-component Seismology [J]. The Leading Edge, 1999 , 18(1):1274～1276.
[27] Caldwell J. Marine multi-component seismology [J]. The Leading edge, 1999,18,1274～1282
[28] Stewart RR, Gaiser JE et al. Converted-wave seismic exploration: methods [J]. Geophysics, 2002,67(5),1348～1363
[29] Stewart RR, Gaiser JE et al. Converted-wave seismic exploration: Applications [J]. Geophysics, 2003,68(1),40～57
[30] XiuCheng Wei, Yang Liu, 2002, The study of static correction in desert and loose terrain,
[31] 72nd Ann Internet. Mtg., Soc. Expl. Geophys., Expanded Abstracts.
[32] BEARG, LUC, LU R, et al. The construction of sub2surface illumination and amp litude map s via ray tracing [J]. The Leading Edge, 2000, 19: 726.
[33] CHEN L, WU R S. Target2oriented prestack beamletmi2gration using Gabor2Daubechies frames: 72nd Ann. Internat. Mtg, Soc. Exp l [J]. Geophysics, Expanded Abstracts, 2002: 1356.
[34] FENGW. Target2oriented seismic illumination and migration [M]. PhD thesis (in Chinese), Tong ji University, 2003.
[35] FENGW, WANG H Z, WU R S, et al. Synthesized wave migration by target—oriented controlled illumination [J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2004, 43:223.
[36] CHEN X M. Prestack depth migration by target—oriented surface controlled illumination [M]. PhD thesis (in Chinese), Tong ji University, 2004.
[37] CHEN XM, WANG H Z, CHEN J B, et al. Prestack depth migration by surface controlled illumination in target—oriented way: 72nd Ann. Internat. Mtg, Soc. Exp l [J].Geophys, Expanded Abstracts, 2002:1180.
[38] LUO M, CAO J, XIE X B, et al. Comparison of illumination analysis using one– way and full– wave propagators, 74th Ann [J]. Internat. Mtg, Soc. Ex2 p l. Geonhvs. , Expanded Abstracts, 2004: 67.
[39] THOMAS J W, JOHN M. Hufford. Teepee technology applied to the design of P2wave acquisition Part 1 - introduction and tutorial [J]. The Leading Edge, 2004, 1: 16.