乙腈—水—离子液体系统的汽液相平衡研究
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摘要
相平衡研究对于化学工业的生产及工艺过程的设计均具有非常重要的理论指导意义。为了探索离子液体在乙腈-水混合物分离过程中的应用,本文利用静态恒温汽液相平衡装置测定了乙腈-氯化-1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([C4mim][Cl])、乙腈-1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑-四氟化硼酸盐([C4mim][BF4]、乙腈-氯化-1-己基-3-甲基咪唑([C6mim][Cl])三个二元系统的汽液相平衡数据,测定了乙腈-水-[C4mim][Cl],乙腈-水-[C4mim][BF4]、乙腈-水-[C6mim][Cl]三个三元系统的汽液相平衡数据,并用NRTL方程进行了关联和预测,同时还初步研究了复合离子液体对乙腈活度系数的影响。实验结果显示,乙腈与所选离子液体均形成负偏差系统,其中[C4mim][BF4]对降低乙腈的饱和蒸汽压的效果大于另两种离子液体。无论是二元系统,还是三元系统,在定组成的情况下,压力的对数lnp与温度的倒数1/T均表现出良好的线性关系。对于[C4mim][BF4]与[C6mim][C1]摩尔比分别为4：1和1：1的复合离子液体,发现获得的温度与压力仍可采用lnp-1/T的形式进行关联。实验得到了乙腈与三种离子液体分子间二元交互作用参数,NRTL模型关联的压力总的相对偏差对乙腈(1)＋[C4mim][Cl](2)为1.65%,乙腈(1)+[C4mim][BF4](2)为1.84%,乙腈(1)+[C6mim][Cl] (2)为1.40%,证明NRTL模型可满意关联实验数据。在此基础上,采用NRTL模型预测了三个三元系统的汽液相平衡数据,发现三种离子液体对乙腈+水系统的分离效果的顺序是：[C4mim][Cl]> [C6mim][Cl]>[C4mim][BF4]。因此,在筛选离子液体时,应优先选择含氯的阴离子为C1-组成的离子液体。一旦阴离子确定后,阳离子侧链上的碳链长度越短越好。实验结果显示,复合离子液体的配比对乙腈的活度系数影响不大,证实在复合离子液体中,乙腈的活度系数主要受与乙腈具有强相互作用的离子液体所控制。
The investigation of phase behavior plays an important role in the production of chemical industry and design of process. To apply ionic liquids (ILs) to the separation of water+ acetonitrile, a static vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) device of constant temperature is used to measure the VLE data of three binary and three ternary systems in this work. The binary systems are acetonitrile+1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim][Cl]), acetonitrile +1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium fluoroborate ([C4mim][BF4]), acetonitrile+ 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C6mim][Cl]), and the ternary ones are acetonitrile+ water+[C4mim][Cl], acetonitrile+water+[C4mim][BF4] and acetonitrile+water+ [C6mim][Cl]. The experimental data were correlated and predicted by the NRTL equation. The effect of the IL mixtures on the activity coefficients of acetonitrile was also observed initially. The results indicate that acetonitrile and any of the three ILs can form a negative deviation system, and acetonitrile+[C4mim][BF4] exhibits lower saturated vapor pressures than the other two binary systems. For both the binary and ternary systems, there is a highly linear relationship between the logarithm of pressure lnp and the reciprocal of temperature 1/T at a given composition. Furthermore, the relationship can also satisfactorily correlate the VLE data of acetonitrile+IL mixture, which molar ratios of [C4mim][BF4] to [C6mim][Cl] is 1:1 or 4:1. The binary interaction parameters between acetonitrile and the three ILs were obtained by fitting the NRTL equation to the VLE data. The average absolute relative deviations (AARDs) of the vapor pressures are 1.65% for acetonitrile+[C4mim][Cl],1.84% for acetonitrile+[C4mim][BF4], and 1.40% for acetonitrile+[C6mim][Cl]. It is found that the NRTL model can successfully be used for the binary systems. In addtion, we predicted the VLE data of three ternary systems with the optimized parameters. As is observed, the order of the influence of the ILs on the separation efficiency of water+acetonitrile is [C4mim][Cl]> [C6mim][Cl]> [C4mim][BF4]. As a result, we should prefer to the ILs consisting of the anion of chlorine in screening ILs. For a given anion, the shorter alkyl chain in a cation has higher saparation efficiency. Finally, according to the experimental results, the molar ratio of the IL mixtures influences the activity coefficient of acetonitrile negligibly. It confirmed that the activity coefficient of acetonitrile greatly depends on the interations between acetonitrile and IL mixture.
The investigation of phase behavior plays an important role in the production of chemical industry and design of process. To apply ionic liquids (ILs) to the separation of water+ acetonitrile, a static vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) device of constant temperature is used to measure the VLE data of three binary and three ternary systems in this work. The binary systems are acetonitrile+1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim][Cl]), acetonitrile +1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium fluoroborate ([C4mim][BF4]), acetonitrile+ 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C6mim][Cl]), and the ternary ones are acetonitrile+ water+[C4mim][Cl], acetonitrile+water+[C4mim][BF4] and acetonitrile+water+ [C6mim][Cl]. The experimental data were correlated and predicted by the NRTL equation. The effect of the IL mixtures on the activity coefficients of acetonitrile was also observed initially. The results indicate that acetonitrile and any of the three ILs can form a negative deviation system, and acetonitrile+[C4mim][BF4] exhibits lower saturated vapor pressures than the other two binary systems. For both the binary and ternary systems, there is a highly linear relationship between the logarithm of pressure lnp and the reciprocal of temperature 1/T at a given composition. Furthermore, the relationship can also satisfactorily correlate the VLE data of acetonitrile+IL mixture, which molar ratios of [C4mim][BF4] to [C6mim][Cl] is 1:1 or 4:1. The binary interaction parameters between acetonitrile and the three ILs were obtained by fitting the NRTL equation to the VLE data. The average absolute relative deviations (AARDs) of the vapor pressures are 1.65% for acetonitrile+[C4mim][Cl],1.84% for acetonitrile+[C4mim][BF4], and 1.40% for acetonitrile+[C6mim][Cl]. It is found that the NRTL model can successfully be used for the binary systems. In addtion, we predicted the VLE data of three ternary systems with the optimized parameters. As is observed, the order of the influence of the ILs on the separation efficiency of water+acetonitrile is [C4mim][Cl]> [C6mim][Cl]> [C4mim][BF4]. As a result, we should prefer to the ILs consisting of the anion of chlorine in screening ILs. For a given anion, the shorter alkyl chain in a cation has higher saparation efficiency. Finally, according to the experimental results, the molar ratio of the IL mixtures influences the activity coefficient of acetonitrile negligibly. It confirmed that the activity coefficient of acetonitrile greatly depends on the interations between acetonitrile and IL mixture.
引文
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[4]吴伟龙,陈水林.乙腈生产及其在工业上的主要利用[J].山东化工.2003,32(6)：26-27
[5]黄涛,汤志刚,段占庭.萃取-恒沸精馏联合流程用于异丙醇-水分离的节能研究[J].精细化工.2003,5(20)：273-279
[6]崔现宝,李杨,冯天扬,等.加盐萃取精馏分离乙腈-水物系[J].石油化工.2007,36(12)：1229-1233
[7]周金波,崔现宝,董炳利,等.间歇萃取精馏分离乙腈-水系统[J].化学工业与工程.2009,26(6)：482-486
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[9]张锁江,吕兴梅等.离子液体-从基础研究到工业应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2006
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[13]陈孝云,邱仁辉,林金春,等.绿色离子液体在电化学领域的应用研究进展[J].科学技术与工程.2008,8(16)：4583-4587
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[16]Adrian J C, Martyn J E, John D H, et al. The heck reaction in ionic liquids:a multiphasic catalyst system[J]. Org Lett,1999,1(7):997-1000
[17]Jiang N, Arthur J R. Vanadium-catalyzed selective aerobic alcohol oxidation in ionic liquid [Bmim]PF6[J]. Tetra Lett,2007,48:273-276
[18]王普,周丽敏,何军遨,等.离子液体在生物催化反应中的应用进展[J].浙江工业大学学报.2008,36(6)：622-627
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