解毒补肾法对老年性痴呆模型大鼠抗炎作用的实验研究
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摘要
目的
从毒侵脑府、脑府受损,肾精亏虚、脑失所养理论探讨AD的发病机理,遵循中医“虚则补之,实则泻之”“标本兼治”的治疗原则,提出解毒补肾法治疗AD。建立D-gal致亚急性衰老模型与Aβ25-35海马双侧定位注射制备复合型AD大鼠模型。通过观察解毒补肾法对AD模型大鼠学习记忆能力、脑组织病理形态、细胞因子(IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α)含量、CRP的含量、NF-κB及iNOS阳性表达等相关指标的影响,探讨解毒补肾法对AD模型大鼠的治疗效果和作用机理,为中医药治疗AD提供理论和实验依据。
方法
将8月龄SD雄性大鼠90只,随机分为6组,即正常组、假手术组、模型组、脑复康治疗组(简称脑复康组)、千层塔合剂低剂量组(简称千低组)、千层塔合剂高剂量组(简称千高组),每组15只。大鼠适应性喂养一周后,正常组不予处理,假手术组颈部皮下注射生理盐水,模型组、脑复康组、千高组、千低组大鼠颈部皮下注射D-gal致大鼠亚急性衰老,6周后,大鼠海马双侧定位注射Aβ25-35制备复合型AD大鼠模型。手术3天后,各手术组大鼠经相应药物灌胃治疗4周,正常组常规喂养。治疗4周后,各组大鼠进行水迷宫行为学试验,光镜、电镜下观察各组大鼠海马组织病理形态学改变,放射免疫方法检测各组大鼠海马组织IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量,ELISA法检测各组大鼠血清CRP的含量,免疫组化法检测各组大鼠海马组织NF-κB、iNOS的阳性表达。
结果
1.行为学实验,各组大鼠定位航行实验的平均潜伏期、20%、40%区域百分比,空间探索实验的潜伏期、象限百分比、跨越原平台位置的次数结果,正常组与假手术组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；模型组与正常组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),表明该造模方法能显著降低AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力；千高组与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),表明千高组能显著改善AD模型大鼠学习记忆能力；千低组与脑复康组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；千高组与脑复康组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),表明千高组对于AD大鼠的学习记忆能力改善效果优于脑复康组。表明此AD大鼠模型是成功的,解毒补肾法可显著改善AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力,其疗效优于脑复康组。
2.电镜、光镜检测,病理形态上,模型组主要表现为大鼠海马神经元变性坏死,颗粒空泡变性、核固缩、胞膜、核膜界限不清。可见线粒体水肿,线粒体体积明显增大,基质变均匀、颜色变浅淡,基质内出现多个亮区或全部变空,嵴变短变少甚至很难见到。内质网扩张囊泡变。突触数目明显减少,肿胀变性。千高组与模型组比较有显著改善,无神经元凋亡,神经元胞核清晰,细胞间连接较为紧密,胞浆中可见较为丰富的线粒体,仅轻微水肿,无颗粒空泡样变性。千低组与脑复康组病理形态较模型组有改善,但不如千高组改善明显。表明解毒补肾法具有显著改善AD模型大鼠海马组织病理改变的作用。
3.放免法检测大鼠海马组织细胞因子(IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α)的含量,结果正常组与假手术组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；模型组含量较正常组与假手术组明显升高(P<0.01),各治疗组均能降低IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-a的含量,千高组与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),与脑复康组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),表明解毒补肾法可显著降低AD模型大鼠细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量,减轻AD模型大鼠脑组织的炎症反应。
4. ELISA法检测大鼠血清CRP含量,结果正常组与假手术组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；模型组含量较正常组与假手术组明显升高(P<0.01),治疗各组均能降低CRP含量,千高组CRP含量最接近正常组,与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),与脑复康组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),千低组与脑复康组比较有显著性差异(P 5.免疫组化法检测AD模型大鼠海马组织NF-κB、iNOS的阳性表达,结果模型组光镜下见棕黄色颗粒最多,说明模型组NF-κB、iNOS阳性表达最强,治疗各组与模型组比较棕黄色颗粒均有减少,说明各治疗组均能抑制NF-κB、iNOS阳性表达。治疗组中千高组的棕黄色颗粒明显减少,脑复康组与千低组的阳性表达与千高组比较又明显要多,千低组与脑复康组比较差异不明显。表明解毒补肾法可抑制AD大鼠海马组织NF-κB、iNOS的阳性表达。
结论
1.毒侵脑府、脑府受损,肾精亏虚、脑失所养是AD的基本病机,解毒补肾法是治疗AD的有效可行方法。
2. D-gal致亚急性衰老模型与Aβ25-35海马定位注射制备复合型AD大鼠模型不仅模拟出AD的行为学变化,而且模拟复制出AD主要的病理学、免疫学等多方面的改变,是一种可靠的动物模型。
3.解毒补肾法能有效改善AD模型大鼠学习记忆能力；减轻AD模型大鼠病理形态学的改变；降低模型大鼠脑海马组织IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α,血清CRP的含量,抑制NF-κB、iNOS的阳性表达。
4.解毒补肾法能减轻AD模型大鼠的炎症反应,有明显的抗炎治疗作用,改善AD模型大鼠病理形态学改变,增强AD模型大鼠学习记忆能力,是一种有效的、新的治疗AD的方法,复方千层塔合剂是治疗AD的有效药物。
Objective
From the theory of "toxin infringe upon the brain, the brain is damaged, kidney-essence is inadequate, the brain's support is inadequate",to explore the etiological factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD), follows the principle of " treating the asthenia-syndrome by therapy of invigoration" and "treating the sthenia-syndrome by therapy of purgation", and" treating a disease by looking into both its root cause and symptoms", we advance the therapy of detoxifying and replenishing kidney-essence is operative on treating AD. In the experiments, the model rats were administered D-gal injection and Aβ25-35 into hippocampus, establish a complex rat model of AD. To observe the effects of detoxifying and and replenishing kidney-essence therapy on learning memory, pathological, the content of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, the positive expression on NF-κB and iNOS for analyzing the therapeutic mechanism of action of AD. To provide traditional Chinese medicine with experimental accordance and clinical guidance.
Methods
The normal 90 male 8-month-old SD rats were randomly divided into six groups:normal group, blank group, AD model group,piracetam treated group, high-dose of Qiancengta Decoction (HQD for short), low-dose of Qiancengta Decoction(LQD for short), there are 15 rats in every group. After feeding in ordinary ways for one week, except the normal group, AD model group, piracetam treated group, HQD group and LQD group received neck back subcutaneous injection of D-galaetose (150mg/kg. d) for six months, and the blank group rats with lavage. At the beginning of the seventh week, the four group rats were injected Aβ25-35 in the bilateral Hippocampus. The blank group rats were injected the same dose of lavage. After 3 days, every group rats were treated with different madicine for four weeks.Then used Morris water maze(MWM) to observe the ability of space learning memory. Used the light microscope and electron microscope to observe the changes of morphology and structure in the hippocampus. Radioimmunoassay method was used to detecting the IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α.ELISA was used to detecting CRP. Immunohistochemistry method was used to detecting the positive expression of NF-κB and iNOS.
Results
1. In the behavior experiment, the average incubation period,20%,40% aera of every group rats in the learning ability gain, the average incubation period, percentage of quadrant, the frequency in span of platform localization in space research. The results show that have significant differences between the model group and normal group, black group (p< 0.01), it indicate that the AD model method can decrease the AD rat's ability of learning gain; there are significant differences between the HQD and model group (p< 0.01), it indicate that the HQD can improve the AD rat' s ability of learning; there are insignificant differences between theLQD group and piracetam treated group(p> 0.05); there are significant differences between the HQD and piracetam treated group (p< 0.01). These results indicate that the AD model in this experiment is successful, the therapy of detoxifying and replenishing kidney-essence can remarkable improve the AD rat' s ability of learning, its effect better than the piracetam treated group.
2. By the light microscope and electron microscope observation, the sum neuron of model group was less than that of normal group, death cell could be seen clearly, the neuron decreased and deformed in model group rats. Pellet vacuole denaturation, cell nucleus lessen, the mitochondria swelling and vacuole, the volume of mitochondria was bigger.The endoplasm reticulum dilatation, amount of synapses decrease. HQD can ameliorate these pathological changes obviously, there are significant differences between the HQD and model group, there are significant differences between the HQD and piracetam treated group. These results indicate that the therapy of detoxifying and replenishing kidney-essence can ameliorate these pathological changes obviously.
3. The detecting results of the IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, the content of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-αin the model rats higher remarkably than normal group,black group (p< 0.01). There are significant differences between the HQD and model group (p< 0.01), there are significant differences between the HQD and piracetam treated group (p< 0.01), the effect of HQD better than the piracetam treated group, the LQD group (p< 0.01). These results indicate that detoxifying and replenishing kidney-essence can remarkable decrease the content of AD model rats' s IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-αin the hippocampus.
4. The detecting results of the content of CRP, the content of CRP has significant differences between the normal group, black group (p<0.01), there are significant differences between the HQD and model group (p<0.01), there are significant differences between the HQD and piracetam treated group (p<0.01), there are significant differences between the LQD and piracetam treated group (p<0.01). These results indicate that detoxifying and replenishing kidney-essence can remarkable decrease the content of AD model rats' s blood CRP.
5. The detecting results of the NF-κB, iNOS. Viewing under the light microscope, the most brown and yellow pellets can be seen in the model group. It indicate that the most positive expression of NF-κB and iNOS in the model group, the brown and yellow pellets decrease between the each treated group and the model group, it indicate that the each treated group can inhibition the positive expression of NF-κB and iNOS. In the four treated groups, a very few brown and yellow pellets can be seen, there are significant differences between the HQD and model group (p<0.01), there are significant differences between the HQD and piracetam treated group (p<0.01), there are insignificant differences between the LQD group and piracetam treated group (p>0.05). These results indicate that detoxifying and replenishing kidney-essence can remarkble inhibition the positive expression of NF-κB and iNOS, obtain yield notable results.
Conclusion
1. The theory of "toxin infringe upon the brain, the brain is damaged, kidney-essence is inadequate, the brain's support is inadequate" is the basic etiological factor for AD, the therapy of detoxifying and replenishing kidney-essence is a effective and new cure to treat AD.
2. The model group rats were administered D-gal injection and Aβ25-35 into hippocampus, establish a complex rat model of AD, it not only mock the action changes of AD, but also mock the changes of pathological, immunity and so on, it is a reliable animal model.
3. The therapy of detoxifying and replenishing kidney-essence can remarkble improve the learning ability of AD rats, ameliorate the pathological changes, remarkable decrease the content of AD model rats's IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-αin the hippocampus, remarkable decrease the content of AD model rats' s blood CRP, remarkble inhibition the positive expression of NF-κB and iNOS.
4. From the above-mentioned experiment results,we can say the therapy of detoxifying and replenishing kidney-essence has the curative effect of clearing heat and detoxicating removing phlegm, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, replenishing kidney-essence, replenishing brains marrow, it has the treat effect of anti inflammation, it can decrease the inflammation reaction of the AD model rats, ameliorate the pathological changes, improve the learning ability of AD rats. It is a effective and new cure to treat AD. Qiancengta Decoction is a effective traditional Chinese medicinal recipe to treat AD.
从毒侵脑府、脑府受损,肾精亏虚、脑失所养理论探讨AD的发病机理,遵循中医“虚则补之,实则泻之”“标本兼治”的治疗原则,提出解毒补肾法治疗AD。建立D-gal致亚急性衰老模型与Aβ25-35海马双侧定位注射制备复合型AD大鼠模型。通过观察解毒补肾法对AD模型大鼠学习记忆能力、脑组织病理形态、细胞因子(IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α)含量、CRP的含量、NF-κB及iNOS阳性表达等相关指标的影响,探讨解毒补肾法对AD模型大鼠的治疗效果和作用机理,为中医药治疗AD提供理论和实验依据。
方法
将8月龄SD雄性大鼠90只,随机分为6组,即正常组、假手术组、模型组、脑复康治疗组(简称脑复康组)、千层塔合剂低剂量组(简称千低组)、千层塔合剂高剂量组(简称千高组),每组15只。大鼠适应性喂养一周后,正常组不予处理,假手术组颈部皮下注射生理盐水,模型组、脑复康组、千高组、千低组大鼠颈部皮下注射D-gal致大鼠亚急性衰老,6周后,大鼠海马双侧定位注射Aβ25-35制备复合型AD大鼠模型。手术3天后,各手术组大鼠经相应药物灌胃治疗4周,正常组常规喂养。治疗4周后,各组大鼠进行水迷宫行为学试验,光镜、电镜下观察各组大鼠海马组织病理形态学改变,放射免疫方法检测各组大鼠海马组织IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量,ELISA法检测各组大鼠血清CRP的含量,免疫组化法检测各组大鼠海马组织NF-κB、iNOS的阳性表达。
结果
1.行为学实验,各组大鼠定位航行实验的平均潜伏期、20%、40%区域百分比,空间探索实验的潜伏期、象限百分比、跨越原平台位置的次数结果,正常组与假手术组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；模型组与正常组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),表明该造模方法能显著降低AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力；千高组与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),表明千高组能显著改善AD模型大鼠学习记忆能力；千低组与脑复康组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；千高组与脑复康组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),表明千高组对于AD大鼠的学习记忆能力改善效果优于脑复康组。表明此AD大鼠模型是成功的,解毒补肾法可显著改善AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力,其疗效优于脑复康组。
2.电镜、光镜检测,病理形态上,模型组主要表现为大鼠海马神经元变性坏死,颗粒空泡变性、核固缩、胞膜、核膜界限不清。可见线粒体水肿,线粒体体积明显增大,基质变均匀、颜色变浅淡,基质内出现多个亮区或全部变空,嵴变短变少甚至很难见到。内质网扩张囊泡变。突触数目明显减少,肿胀变性。千高组与模型组比较有显著改善,无神经元凋亡,神经元胞核清晰,细胞间连接较为紧密,胞浆中可见较为丰富的线粒体,仅轻微水肿,无颗粒空泡样变性。千低组与脑复康组病理形态较模型组有改善,但不如千高组改善明显。表明解毒补肾法具有显著改善AD模型大鼠海马组织病理改变的作用。
3.放免法检测大鼠海马组织细胞因子(IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α)的含量,结果正常组与假手术组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；模型组含量较正常组与假手术组明显升高(P<0.01),各治疗组均能降低IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-a的含量,千高组与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),与脑复康组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),表明解毒补肾法可显著降低AD模型大鼠细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量,减轻AD模型大鼠脑组织的炎症反应。
4. ELISA法检测大鼠血清CRP含量,结果正常组与假手术组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；模型组含量较正常组与假手术组明显升高(P<0.01),治疗各组均能降低CRP含量,千高组CRP含量最接近正常组,与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),与脑复康组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),千低组与脑复康组比较有显著性差异(P
结论
1.毒侵脑府、脑府受损,肾精亏虚、脑失所养是AD的基本病机,解毒补肾法是治疗AD的有效可行方法。
2. D-gal致亚急性衰老模型与Aβ25-35海马定位注射制备复合型AD大鼠模型不仅模拟出AD的行为学变化,而且模拟复制出AD主要的病理学、免疫学等多方面的改变,是一种可靠的动物模型。
3.解毒补肾法能有效改善AD模型大鼠学习记忆能力；减轻AD模型大鼠病理形态学的改变；降低模型大鼠脑海马组织IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α,血清CRP的含量,抑制NF-κB、iNOS的阳性表达。
4.解毒补肾法能减轻AD模型大鼠的炎症反应,有明显的抗炎治疗作用,改善AD模型大鼠病理形态学改变,增强AD模型大鼠学习记忆能力,是一种有效的、新的治疗AD的方法,复方千层塔合剂是治疗AD的有效药物。
Objective
From the theory of "toxin infringe upon the brain, the brain is damaged, kidney-essence is inadequate, the brain's support is inadequate",to explore the etiological factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD), follows the principle of " treating the asthenia-syndrome by therapy of invigoration" and "treating the sthenia-syndrome by therapy of purgation", and" treating a disease by looking into both its root cause and symptoms", we advance the therapy of detoxifying and replenishing kidney-essence is operative on treating AD. In the experiments, the model rats were administered D-gal injection and Aβ25-35 into hippocampus, establish a complex rat model of AD. To observe the effects of detoxifying and and replenishing kidney-essence therapy on learning memory, pathological, the content of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, the positive expression on NF-κB and iNOS for analyzing the therapeutic mechanism of action of AD. To provide traditional Chinese medicine with experimental accordance and clinical guidance.
Methods
The normal 90 male 8-month-old SD rats were randomly divided into six groups:normal group, blank group, AD model group,piracetam treated group, high-dose of Qiancengta Decoction (HQD for short), low-dose of Qiancengta Decoction(LQD for short), there are 15 rats in every group. After feeding in ordinary ways for one week, except the normal group, AD model group, piracetam treated group, HQD group and LQD group received neck back subcutaneous injection of D-galaetose (150mg/kg. d) for six months, and the blank group rats with lavage. At the beginning of the seventh week, the four group rats were injected Aβ25-35 in the bilateral Hippocampus. The blank group rats were injected the same dose of lavage. After 3 days, every group rats were treated with different madicine for four weeks.Then used Morris water maze(MWM) to observe the ability of space learning memory. Used the light microscope and electron microscope to observe the changes of morphology and structure in the hippocampus. Radioimmunoassay method was used to detecting the IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α.ELISA was used to detecting CRP. Immunohistochemistry method was used to detecting the positive expression of NF-κB and iNOS.
Results
1. In the behavior experiment, the average incubation period,20%,40% aera of every group rats in the learning ability gain, the average incubation period, percentage of quadrant, the frequency in span of platform localization in space research. The results show that have significant differences between the model group and normal group, black group (p< 0.01), it indicate that the AD model method can decrease the AD rat's ability of learning gain; there are significant differences between the HQD and model group (p< 0.01), it indicate that the HQD can improve the AD rat' s ability of learning; there are insignificant differences between theLQD group and piracetam treated group(p> 0.05); there are significant differences between the HQD and piracetam treated group (p< 0.01). These results indicate that the AD model in this experiment is successful, the therapy of detoxifying and replenishing kidney-essence can remarkable improve the AD rat' s ability of learning, its effect better than the piracetam treated group.
2. By the light microscope and electron microscope observation, the sum neuron of model group was less than that of normal group, death cell could be seen clearly, the neuron decreased and deformed in model group rats. Pellet vacuole denaturation, cell nucleus lessen, the mitochondria swelling and vacuole, the volume of mitochondria was bigger.The endoplasm reticulum dilatation, amount of synapses decrease. HQD can ameliorate these pathological changes obviously, there are significant differences between the HQD and model group, there are significant differences between the HQD and piracetam treated group. These results indicate that the therapy of detoxifying and replenishing kidney-essence can ameliorate these pathological changes obviously.
3. The detecting results of the IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, the content of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-αin the model rats higher remarkably than normal group,black group (p< 0.01). There are significant differences between the HQD and model group (p< 0.01), there are significant differences between the HQD and piracetam treated group (p< 0.01), the effect of HQD better than the piracetam treated group, the LQD group (p< 0.01). These results indicate that detoxifying and replenishing kidney-essence can remarkable decrease the content of AD model rats' s IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-αin the hippocampus.
4. The detecting results of the content of CRP, the content of CRP has significant differences between the normal group, black group (p<0.01), there are significant differences between the HQD and model group (p<0.01), there are significant differences between the HQD and piracetam treated group (p<0.01), there are significant differences between the LQD and piracetam treated group (p<0.01). These results indicate that detoxifying and replenishing kidney-essence can remarkable decrease the content of AD model rats' s blood CRP.
5. The detecting results of the NF-κB, iNOS. Viewing under the light microscope, the most brown and yellow pellets can be seen in the model group. It indicate that the most positive expression of NF-κB and iNOS in the model group, the brown and yellow pellets decrease between the each treated group and the model group, it indicate that the each treated group can inhibition the positive expression of NF-κB and iNOS. In the four treated groups, a very few brown and yellow pellets can be seen, there are significant differences between the HQD and model group (p<0.01), there are significant differences between the HQD and piracetam treated group (p<0.01), there are insignificant differences between the LQD group and piracetam treated group (p>0.05). These results indicate that detoxifying and replenishing kidney-essence can remarkble inhibition the positive expression of NF-κB and iNOS, obtain yield notable results.
Conclusion
1. The theory of "toxin infringe upon the brain, the brain is damaged, kidney-essence is inadequate, the brain's support is inadequate" is the basic etiological factor for AD, the therapy of detoxifying and replenishing kidney-essence is a effective and new cure to treat AD.
2. The model group rats were administered D-gal injection and Aβ25-35 into hippocampus, establish a complex rat model of AD, it not only mock the action changes of AD, but also mock the changes of pathological, immunity and so on, it is a reliable animal model.
3. The therapy of detoxifying and replenishing kidney-essence can remarkble improve the learning ability of AD rats, ameliorate the pathological changes, remarkable decrease the content of AD model rats's IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-αin the hippocampus, remarkable decrease the content of AD model rats' s blood CRP, remarkble inhibition the positive expression of NF-κB and iNOS.
4. From the above-mentioned experiment results,we can say the therapy of detoxifying and replenishing kidney-essence has the curative effect of clearing heat and detoxicating removing phlegm, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, replenishing kidney-essence, replenishing brains marrow, it has the treat effect of anti inflammation, it can decrease the inflammation reaction of the AD model rats, ameliorate the pathological changes, improve the learning ability of AD rats. It is a effective and new cure to treat AD. Qiancengta Decoction is a effective traditional Chinese medicinal recipe to treat AD.
引文
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