既有居住建筑节能改造资金分摊研究
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摘要
建筑能耗在世界能耗中占有很大的比例。在能源问题日益严重的今天,建筑节能成为了全世界关注的焦点问题。我国的建筑节能工作起步晚,水平低,尤其是既有建筑占有的能耗比例大,大量的既有居住建筑需要进行节能改造,其所需要的资金数量是巨大的。而到目前为止,我国在既有居住建筑节能改造方面所做的工作甚少,仅仅在节能改造技术方面有所成就,而缺乏对节能改造资金分摊的研究,因此节能改造资金分摊问题成为了制约我国既有居住建筑节能改造顺利进行的最主要的因素,也成为了国内急需深入研究的前沿课题。
本论文对我国既有居住建筑节能改造的资金分摊进行了较为深入的研究。首先对既有居住建筑节能改造情况进行了简单的分析,然后探讨了现有的节能改造技术和节能改造模式。接下来对节能改造的资金现状进行分析,总结出我国既有居住建筑节能改造资金存在的主要问题。为了保证既有居住建筑节能改造的顺利进行,本文提出了一系列的资金分摊原则,根据这些原则,既有居住建筑节能改造资金在政府、居民、开发商、供热企业以及其他的相关主体中进行分摊。在进行节能改造资金分摊过程中,可采用一次分摊法、效益比例分摊法、最优等效替代方案费用比例分摊法、剩余效益法等常用的资金分摊方法。但是这些分摊方法大都从效益、成本角度考虑资金分摊,而很少考虑合作的情况,缺乏公平性。因此,本文提出了多人合作对策论的资金分摊方法。基于合作对策论的节能改造资金分摊方法能够使得参与资金分摊的各个主体互相合作、共同投资、共同改造、共同得益。考虑到资金分摊问题的复杂性,以及各个参与主体的利己性,本文提出了一种综合资金分摊方法。该方法综合考虑了各种分摊方法,并考虑了参与合作各方的利益,具有较强的通用性,且比单一方法分析更具有科学性,因此更加适用于既有居住建筑节能改造的资金分摊。最后,本文提出了一系列的对策,以完善我国既有居住建筑节能改造的资金分摊,促进我国节能改造工作的顺利进行。
Building energy consumption takes a large proportion in the world . As the energy problems become more serious nowadays, building energy-saving has become the focus problem of the whole world’s attention. China starts energy-saving construction work lately, and now has low-level.In particular, existing building have occupied large proportion of the energy consumption. A huge amount of money is needed in the large number of existing residential buildings energy-saving construction. And so far, China has done little in the aspects of existing building energy saving reconstruction, which has only a sense of achievement in the energy-saving technological transformation, and lack the research on sharing funds of Energy Saving. So the funds allocation has become the most important factor that restricted the smooth progress of existing building energy saving, and also has become a domestic cutting-edge issues that needed study in-depth.
This paper studied the sharing funds of Chinese existing residential building energy-saving reconstruction of China in-depth. First, analyzed the Energy Saving of the existing residential building simply, and then discussed the existing energy-saving technology and the mode of energy saving. The next, analyzed the financial status of the energy saving, and summed up main problems of the funds of Chinese existing residential building energy saving reconstruction. This paper put forward to a series of capital-sharing principle, in order to ensure the smooth transformation of energy-saving reconstruction. And on the basis of these principles, energy saving capital of existing residential building shared among the mainbodies of government, residents, developers, enterprises and other heat-related assessments. It could take these commonly used methods of assessment, such as One-time-sharing method, the ratio of benefit-sharing mehtod, the best percentage of cost-sharing method of alternative to the equivalent, the remaining benefits methods, in the process of energy saving sharing funds. But most of these methods of view-sharing fund from the benefit and the cost point, but little regard of co-operation, and lack of fairness. As a result, this paper advanced the sharing-funds method of cooperative game theory This mehtod lead the mainbodies who take part in the funds allocation co-operation, joint investment , co-transformation and common benefit. This paper presents a comprehensive method of sharing funds, which taking into account the the complexity of the funds sharing problem, as well as the self-serving all the mainbodies who take part in the enerjy-saving reconstruction. This approach takes into account a variety of methods integrated, which takes into account the interests of all parties involved in co-operation, and with a strong general, and more scientific than a single method when analyze. So this kind of method is more applicable to the sharing funds of energy-saving reconstruction. Finally, this paper has put forward a series of measures to improve the sharing funds of our existing residential building energy-saving reconstruction, and promote it go smoothly of the energy-saving work of China.
本论文对我国既有居住建筑节能改造的资金分摊进行了较为深入的研究。首先对既有居住建筑节能改造情况进行了简单的分析,然后探讨了现有的节能改造技术和节能改造模式。接下来对节能改造的资金现状进行分析,总结出我国既有居住建筑节能改造资金存在的主要问题。为了保证既有居住建筑节能改造的顺利进行,本文提出了一系列的资金分摊原则,根据这些原则,既有居住建筑节能改造资金在政府、居民、开发商、供热企业以及其他的相关主体中进行分摊。在进行节能改造资金分摊过程中,可采用一次分摊法、效益比例分摊法、最优等效替代方案费用比例分摊法、剩余效益法等常用的资金分摊方法。但是这些分摊方法大都从效益、成本角度考虑资金分摊,而很少考虑合作的情况,缺乏公平性。因此,本文提出了多人合作对策论的资金分摊方法。基于合作对策论的节能改造资金分摊方法能够使得参与资金分摊的各个主体互相合作、共同投资、共同改造、共同得益。考虑到资金分摊问题的复杂性,以及各个参与主体的利己性,本文提出了一种综合资金分摊方法。该方法综合考虑了各种分摊方法,并考虑了参与合作各方的利益,具有较强的通用性,且比单一方法分析更具有科学性,因此更加适用于既有居住建筑节能改造的资金分摊。最后,本文提出了一系列的对策,以完善我国既有居住建筑节能改造的资金分摊,促进我国节能改造工作的顺利进行。
Building energy consumption takes a large proportion in the world . As the energy problems become more serious nowadays, building energy-saving has become the focus problem of the whole world’s attention. China starts energy-saving construction work lately, and now has low-level.In particular, existing building have occupied large proportion of the energy consumption. A huge amount of money is needed in the large number of existing residential buildings energy-saving construction. And so far, China has done little in the aspects of existing building energy saving reconstruction, which has only a sense of achievement in the energy-saving technological transformation, and lack the research on sharing funds of Energy Saving. So the funds allocation has become the most important factor that restricted the smooth progress of existing building energy saving, and also has become a domestic cutting-edge issues that needed study in-depth.
This paper studied the sharing funds of Chinese existing residential building energy-saving reconstruction of China in-depth. First, analyzed the Energy Saving of the existing residential building simply, and then discussed the existing energy-saving technology and the mode of energy saving. The next, analyzed the financial status of the energy saving, and summed up main problems of the funds of Chinese existing residential building energy saving reconstruction. This paper put forward to a series of capital-sharing principle, in order to ensure the smooth transformation of energy-saving reconstruction. And on the basis of these principles, energy saving capital of existing residential building shared among the mainbodies of government, residents, developers, enterprises and other heat-related assessments. It could take these commonly used methods of assessment, such as One-time-sharing method, the ratio of benefit-sharing mehtod, the best percentage of cost-sharing method of alternative to the equivalent, the remaining benefits methods, in the process of energy saving sharing funds. But most of these methods of view-sharing fund from the benefit and the cost point, but little regard of co-operation, and lack of fairness. As a result, this paper advanced the sharing-funds method of cooperative game theory This mehtod lead the mainbodies who take part in the funds allocation co-operation, joint investment , co-transformation and common benefit. This paper presents a comprehensive method of sharing funds, which taking into account the the complexity of the funds sharing problem, as well as the self-serving all the mainbodies who take part in the enerjy-saving reconstruction. This approach takes into account a variety of methods integrated, which takes into account the interests of all parties involved in co-operation, and with a strong general, and more scientific than a single method when analyze. So this kind of method is more applicable to the sharing funds of energy-saving reconstruction. Finally, this paper has put forward a series of measures to improve the sharing funds of our existing residential building energy-saving reconstruction, and promote it go smoothly of the energy-saving work of China.
引文
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[3]国家发改委节能信息传播中心课题组.中国节能服务项目间接融资障碍与对策[J].中国创业投资高科技,2004(8):38-40.
[4]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2007[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2007.
[5]顾同曾.欧洲三国建筑节能近况[J].建筑创作. 2002.6:64-69.
[6]胡小文.基于虚拟企业的共同配送成本分摊模型与方法研究.长沙理工大学硕士学位论文[D]. 2005年.
[7]胡朝阳.成本分摊理论和竞价博弈方法在电力市场中的应用研究.浙江大学博士学位论文[D]. 2003.9.
[8]建设部调研组.发展节能省地型住宅和公共建筑以及推广建筑“四节”相关法律法规、标准规范和政策措施体系[J].建设科技,2005(13):60-61.
[10]贾献忠.我国建筑业发展对策研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2002.11.
[11]李菁,马彦琳,梁晓群.既有建筑节能改造的融资障碍及对策研究[J].建筑经济,2007.12:37-40.
[12]卢求.建筑节能发展趋势[J].时代建筑,2008年2月:132-133.
[13]卢求,卓定疆.德国建筑节能政策体系和技术措施[J].北京房地产,2006.4:103-105.
[14]李廷芥,黄秋菊,张桂标,肖志坚.运用EMC推动东莞建筑节能[J].节能减排省市行动,2007.18:34-35.
[15]刘伟.跨地区公共建设项目资金分摊的方法研究[J].系统工程. 2005.7:55-60.
[16]刘小华,张志刚.既有公共建筑节能改造的研究[J].天津城市建设学院学报,2006.12:293-296.
[17]刘颖,冯兴旺.影响既有建筑节能改造的因素[J].建筑节能,2007.8:28-29.
[18]刘洋,刘中辉,张永辉,陈晓晖,赫崇军.大庆既有砖混住宅外墙能耗测试的节能改造[J].大庆石油学院学报. 2002.2.
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[21]邱祥.夏热冬冷地区既有建筑的节能改造[J].建筑节能,2003.11:45.
[22]隋明悦.沈阳市既有建筑节能改造设想[J].节能减排省市行动,2007,18:30-31.
[23]涂逢祥.建筑节能现状及发展趋势[J].住宅科技,2004年第9期:8-11.
[24]泰豪科技股份有限公司.建筑节能改造的调研设计和实施流程[J].智能建筑与城市信息,2006.7:26-28.
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