树脂混凝土机床床身的动静态特性研究
|
摘要
由于科学技术的发展,对机床的性能要求越来越高,高精度、高效率、低能耗是机床长期发展的方向,在机床的各部件中,床身是整个机床的基础,承受着其它各部件从各方面传递来的力,本身也产生各种变形,其静动态特性直接影响整个机床的性能,是一个及其重要的大件。树脂混凝土是制作床身的新材料,它具有很高的强度和刚度,很好的阻尼特性,良好的吸振性和耐磨性。本文对该材料床身进行静动态特性研究,对提高机床加工精度和提高企业的经济效益有着重要的理论意义和现实意义。
本文以云南某企业设计生产的CY-HTC4050机床的树脂混凝土床身为分析对象,其床身特点是床身斜置45°,如何分析该材料床身的动静态特性,深入了解它的变化规律,对该材料的应用和发展有着重要的意义。
本文所做的工作如下：
1.对该床身做了静态受力分析,主要解决的问题是力的简化和力的施加问题,并对四根导轨各处所受的比压进行了详尽的计算。
2.对该床身进行了有限元静力分析、模态分析,谐响应分析。
3.对床身进行了试验模态分析,确定了模态阶数,对各阶模态进行拟合并检验了相关性,最后对每个测点进行了阻尼比参数识别。
通过以上的工作得到以下结论：
1.对床身进行理论模态分析和试验模态分析,经过对比验证得知该床身固频已超过了它的工作范围,由此可让设计人员预测结构的动力特性,从而使设计人员在设计时能够避开结构的共振点,避免共振对工作的影响。
2.通过模态参数识别,相关矩阵校验得知模态的可靠性和准确性,进而对时域脉冲响应函数图像的包络,识别出该树脂混凝土床身的具体阻尼比为0.05,是铸铁床身的阻尼比的8.33倍,从而进一步说明树脂混凝土的阻尼特性优于铸铁。
As the scientific and technological development, the performance of machine tools have become increasingly demanding,high-precision, high efficiency, low energy consumption is a long-term development direction of machine tools, in the machine's various components, bed is the basis of the entire machine which whthstand the force of various of aspacts from the parts, while various deformation is gives rise to itself, it's static and dynamic characteristics direct to impact on the performance of the entire machine, so it is an extremely important component.The resin concrete is a new materials to product the bed, which has high strength and stiffness, good damping characteristics, a good absorber and wear resistance. This paper studies the dynamic and static characteristics of resin concrete bed, It has important theoretical significance and practical significance for improving the machining accuracy and improving the economic efficiency of enterprises.
CY-HTC4050, a high-precision CNC lathe produced by an enterprise in YunNan, is the research object of this thesis. Its main structural characteristics embodied in its granite 45°oblique style bed. how to analyze the material bed of the dynamic and static characteristics, has very important significance to the development of the materials and engineering application. The main work has been done as follow:
1. I have done the static stress analysis of resin concrete bed, it is mainly to solve the problem of force and torque's simplified and force and torque exerted. A detailed calculation of bolt pre-tightening force on bedside box and the pressure on the four guide.
2. I have done the finite element modeling on the bed, and have done a static analysis, modal analysis.
3. After analysis of experimental modal on the lathe bed, I determined the order of the modal, fit every order of modal and done the correlation test. Finally, done the damping ratio parameter. identification of each measure point.
Conclusions are as follow:
1. I have done the analysis of theoretical modal and experimental madal, after compared and verified, I obtained the natural frequency of the lathe bed, and it natural frequency has exceeded its scope of woek. Thus, designers can predict the dynamic characteristics of the designed structure by this result. Then they can avoid the resouance and avoid the resonance effect on work.
2.Through the modal parameter identification,correlation matrix calibration, I got the reliability and accuracy modal, and enveloped the picture of impulse response function,we get the damping ratio of the resin concrete bed is 0.05,and it is 8.33 times of the cast iron. This result shows that the resin concrete's damping property is superior than cast ion's.
本文以云南某企业设计生产的CY-HTC4050机床的树脂混凝土床身为分析对象,其床身特点是床身斜置45°,如何分析该材料床身的动静态特性,深入了解它的变化规律,对该材料的应用和发展有着重要的意义。
本文所做的工作如下：
1.对该床身做了静态受力分析,主要解决的问题是力的简化和力的施加问题,并对四根导轨各处所受的比压进行了详尽的计算。
2.对该床身进行了有限元静力分析、模态分析,谐响应分析。
3.对床身进行了试验模态分析,确定了模态阶数,对各阶模态进行拟合并检验了相关性,最后对每个测点进行了阻尼比参数识别。
通过以上的工作得到以下结论：
1.对床身进行理论模态分析和试验模态分析,经过对比验证得知该床身固频已超过了它的工作范围,由此可让设计人员预测结构的动力特性,从而使设计人员在设计时能够避开结构的共振点,避免共振对工作的影响。
2.通过模态参数识别,相关矩阵校验得知模态的可靠性和准确性,进而对时域脉冲响应函数图像的包络,识别出该树脂混凝土床身的具体阻尼比为0.05,是铸铁床身的阻尼比的8.33倍,从而进一步说明树脂混凝土的阻尼特性优于铸铁。
As the scientific and technological development, the performance of machine tools have become increasingly demanding,high-precision, high efficiency, low energy consumption is a long-term development direction of machine tools, in the machine's various components, bed is the basis of the entire machine which whthstand the force of various of aspacts from the parts, while various deformation is gives rise to itself, it's static and dynamic characteristics direct to impact on the performance of the entire machine, so it is an extremely important component.The resin concrete is a new materials to product the bed, which has high strength and stiffness, good damping characteristics, a good absorber and wear resistance. This paper studies the dynamic and static characteristics of resin concrete bed, It has important theoretical significance and practical significance for improving the machining accuracy and improving the economic efficiency of enterprises.
CY-HTC4050, a high-precision CNC lathe produced by an enterprise in YunNan, is the research object of this thesis. Its main structural characteristics embodied in its granite 45°oblique style bed. how to analyze the material bed of the dynamic and static characteristics, has very important significance to the development of the materials and engineering application. The main work has been done as follow:
1. I have done the static stress analysis of resin concrete bed, it is mainly to solve the problem of force and torque's simplified and force and torque exerted. A detailed calculation of bolt pre-tightening force on bedside box and the pressure on the four guide.
2. I have done the finite element modeling on the bed, and have done a static analysis, modal analysis.
3. After analysis of experimental modal on the lathe bed, I determined the order of the modal, fit every order of modal and done the correlation test. Finally, done the damping ratio parameter. identification of each measure point.
Conclusions are as follow:
1. I have done the analysis of theoretical modal and experimental madal, after compared and verified, I obtained the natural frequency of the lathe bed, and it natural frequency has exceeded its scope of woek. Thus, designers can predict the dynamic characteristics of the designed structure by this result. Then they can avoid the resouance and avoid the resonance effect on work.
2.Through the modal parameter identification,correlation matrix calibration, I got the reliability and accuracy modal, and enveloped the picture of impulse response function,we get the damping ratio of the resin concrete bed is 0.05,and it is 8.33 times of the cast iron. This result shows that the resin concrete's damping property is superior than cast ion's.
引文
[1]机床设计手册编写组编.机床设计手册第三册.机械工业出版社,1986
[2]杨橚,唐恒龄,廖伯瑜编.机床动力学.北京：机械工业出版社,1983
[3]廖伯瑜,周新民,尹志宏编.现代机械动力学及其工程应用-建模、分析、仿真、修改、控制、优化.北京：机械工业出版社,2004
[4]Ying-Chih Lee, Bor-Tsuen Wang, etal. Finite element model verification for packaged printed circuit board by experimental modal analysis. Microelectronics Reliability,2008,48(11-12):1837-1846
[5]秦荣著.工程结构非线性.北京：科学出版社,2003
[6]张令弥.动态测试技术的发展系列讲座.振动与冲击,1998,17(3)：83-85
[7]Investigation of vibration damping on polymer concrete with polyester resin Osmangazi University, Mechanical Engineering Department,26030 Eskijehir, Turkey Received 18 May 1999;
[8]Mergeay M. Least squares Complex Exponential Method and Global System Parameter Estimation Used by Modal Analysis. In:Proceedings of ISMA 8, Leuven, Belgium,1983
[9]Juang J-N, Pappa R. An Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA) for Modal Parameter Identification and Modal Reduction. USA:NASA/JPL Workshop on Identification and Control of Flexible Space Structure,1984
[10]Van Der AuweraerH, Leuridan J. Multiple Inptut Orthogonal Polynomial Parameter Estimation. In:Proceedings of ISMA 11:workshop on parameter estimation, Leuven, Belgium,1986
[11]Ibrahim S. A Method from the Direct Identification of Vibration Parameters from the Free Response. The Shock and Vibration Bulletin.1977,47(4):183-198
[12]杜正国,蔺安林等.机构力学教程.成都：西南交通大学出版社,2004
[13]时国勤,诸德超.线性振动亏损系统的广义模态理论.力学学报,1989,21(2)：183-191
[14]李德葆.实验应变/应力模态分析若干问题的进展评述.振动与冲击,1996,15(1)：13-17
[15]李德葆,诸葛鸿程.实验动态应变分析中的模态分析方法.固体力学学报, 1990,11(4):360-364 [16] Schmit L.A. Structural Design by Systematic Synthesis. (In:) Proc of Conpf On Electronic Computation, ASCE, New York,1960,24(12):105-122
[17]Nimityongskul S, Kammer D C. Frequency response based sensor placement for the mid-frequency range. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2009, 23(4):1169-1179
[18]葛云,张里平.基于ANSYS的数控车床床身的动态特性分析.计算机引用技术2008(2)
[19]王艳辉.精密机床床身的模态分析与结构优选.机械设计与制造,2000(3)
[20]Peeters Bart, Van Der Auweraer H, etal. The PolyMAX frequency-domain method:a new standard for modal paremeter estimation. Shock and Vibration, 2004,11(3-4):395-409
[21]Troyer T. De, Guillaume P, etal. Fast calculation of confidence intervals on parameter estimates of least-squares frequency-domain estimators. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2009,23(2):261-273
[22]Fasana A. Modal parameters estimation in the Z-domain. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2009,23(1):217-225
[23]Pierro E, Mucchi E, etal. On the vibro-acoustical operational modal analysis of a helicopter cabin. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2009,23(4): 1205-1217
[24]Herman L, Van Der AuweraerH. Modal testing and analysis app;ications. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,1999,13(2):193-216
[25]Reynders E, de Roeck G. Reference-based combined deterministic-stochastic subspace identification for experimental and operational modal analysis. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2008,22(3):617-637
[26]俞立人,俞寿鹏.高稳定磁电式速度传感器.仪器仪表与分析监测,1991,(2)：12-14
[27]蔡新,孙文俊编著.结构静力学.南京：河海河海大学出版社,2004
[28]孙杰,李剑峰,张宝君.聚酯人造花岗岩复合材料的研制及工程应用.制造技术与机床,2006,(8)：85-87
[29]应锦春,李德信.MJ7116人造花岗岩及铸铁床身动态性能的实验研究.陕西机械学院学报,1993,9(3)：173-179
[30]杨景义,王信义著.试验模态分析.北京：北京理工大学出版社,1990
[31]李德葆著.实验模态分析及其应用.北京科学出版社,2001
[32]贾启芬,刘习军著.机械与结构振动.天津：天津天津大学出版社,2007
[33]北京东方振动和噪声技术研究所.DASP操作使用说明(第二卷).北京：北京东方振动和噪声技术研究所,2006
[34]哈里斯,皮索尔著.冲击与振动手册.北京：中国石化出版社,2007
[35]沃德·海伦,斯蒂芬·拉门兹,波尔·萨斯著.模态分析理论与试验.北京：北京理工大学出版社,2001
[36]张文志,韩清凯,刘亚忠等著.机械结构有限元分析.哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2006
[37]左鹤声,彭玉莺主编.振动试验模态分析.北京：中国铁道出版社,1995
[38]Wu Q, Litrico X, Bayen A M. Data reconciliation of an open channel. Advances in Water Resources,2009,32(2):193-204
[39]姚秉华,李德信.人造花岗岩复合材料的研究及其应用.机械工程材料,1993,17(4)：37-39
[40]侯镇冰,诸乃雄.人造花岗岩磨床床身的动态性能研究.机床,1991,(10)：34-36
[41]梁祖峰.TH6350加工中心主轴系统试验模态分析[硕士学位论文].昆明,昆明理工大学,2003
[42]T.Jiang and M.Chirehdast. A System Approach to Structural Topology Optimization:Designing Optimal Connections. Journal of Mechanical Design,1998,36(12):621-619
[43]包陈,王呼佳,陈洪军等编.ANSYS工程分析进阶实例.北京：中国水利水电出版社,(2009)
[44]李世芸,李功宇,张曙洪,ANSYS9.0基础及应用实例.中国科学文化出版社(2005)
[45]其实科技编.MATLAB7.0从入门到精通.北京：人民邮电出版社,(2006)
[46]Richard.L.Fox.Optimization Methods for Engineering Design. Addison Weslay Publishing company,1971
[47]徐平.钢纤维聚合物混凝土机床基础件静动态力学性能及损伤机理研究[硕士学位论文].辽宁,辽宁工程科技大学,2000
[2]杨橚,唐恒龄,廖伯瑜编.机床动力学.北京：机械工业出版社,1983
[3]廖伯瑜,周新民,尹志宏编.现代机械动力学及其工程应用-建模、分析、仿真、修改、控制、优化.北京：机械工业出版社,2004
[4]Ying-Chih Lee, Bor-Tsuen Wang, etal. Finite element model verification for packaged printed circuit board by experimental modal analysis. Microelectronics Reliability,2008,48(11-12):1837-1846
[5]秦荣著.工程结构非线性.北京：科学出版社,2003
[6]张令弥.动态测试技术的发展系列讲座.振动与冲击,1998,17(3)：83-85
[7]Investigation of vibration damping on polymer concrete with polyester resin Osmangazi University, Mechanical Engineering Department,26030 Eskijehir, Turkey Received 18 May 1999;
[8]Mergeay M. Least squares Complex Exponential Method and Global System Parameter Estimation Used by Modal Analysis. In:Proceedings of ISMA 8, Leuven, Belgium,1983
[9]Juang J-N, Pappa R. An Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA) for Modal Parameter Identification and Modal Reduction. USA:NASA/JPL Workshop on Identification and Control of Flexible Space Structure,1984
[10]Van Der AuweraerH, Leuridan J. Multiple Inptut Orthogonal Polynomial Parameter Estimation. In:Proceedings of ISMA 11:workshop on parameter estimation, Leuven, Belgium,1986
[11]Ibrahim S. A Method from the Direct Identification of Vibration Parameters from the Free Response. The Shock and Vibration Bulletin.1977,47(4):183-198
[12]杜正国,蔺安林等.机构力学教程.成都：西南交通大学出版社,2004
[13]时国勤,诸德超.线性振动亏损系统的广义模态理论.力学学报,1989,21(2)：183-191
[14]李德葆.实验应变/应力模态分析若干问题的进展评述.振动与冲击,1996,15(1)：13-17
[15]李德葆,诸葛鸿程.实验动态应变分析中的模态分析方法.固体力学学报, 1990,11(4):360-364 [16] Schmit L.A. Structural Design by Systematic Synthesis. (In:) Proc of Conpf On Electronic Computation, ASCE, New York,1960,24(12):105-122
[17]Nimityongskul S, Kammer D C. Frequency response based sensor placement for the mid-frequency range. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2009, 23(4):1169-1179
[18]葛云,张里平.基于ANSYS的数控车床床身的动态特性分析.计算机引用技术2008(2)
[19]王艳辉.精密机床床身的模态分析与结构优选.机械设计与制造,2000(3)
[20]Peeters Bart, Van Der Auweraer H, etal. The PolyMAX frequency-domain method:a new standard for modal paremeter estimation. Shock and Vibration, 2004,11(3-4):395-409
[21]Troyer T. De, Guillaume P, etal. Fast calculation of confidence intervals on parameter estimates of least-squares frequency-domain estimators. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2009,23(2):261-273
[22]Fasana A. Modal parameters estimation in the Z-domain. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2009,23(1):217-225
[23]Pierro E, Mucchi E, etal. On the vibro-acoustical operational modal analysis of a helicopter cabin. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2009,23(4): 1205-1217
[24]Herman L, Van Der AuweraerH. Modal testing and analysis app;ications. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,1999,13(2):193-216
[25]Reynders E, de Roeck G. Reference-based combined deterministic-stochastic subspace identification for experimental and operational modal analysis. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2008,22(3):617-637
[26]俞立人,俞寿鹏.高稳定磁电式速度传感器.仪器仪表与分析监测,1991,(2)：12-14
[27]蔡新,孙文俊编著.结构静力学.南京：河海河海大学出版社,2004
[28]孙杰,李剑峰,张宝君.聚酯人造花岗岩复合材料的研制及工程应用.制造技术与机床,2006,(8)：85-87
[29]应锦春,李德信.MJ7116人造花岗岩及铸铁床身动态性能的实验研究.陕西机械学院学报,1993,9(3)：173-179
[30]杨景义,王信义著.试验模态分析.北京：北京理工大学出版社,1990
[31]李德葆著.实验模态分析及其应用.北京科学出版社,2001
[32]贾启芬,刘习军著.机械与结构振动.天津：天津天津大学出版社,2007
[33]北京东方振动和噪声技术研究所.DASP操作使用说明(第二卷).北京：北京东方振动和噪声技术研究所,2006
[34]哈里斯,皮索尔著.冲击与振动手册.北京：中国石化出版社,2007
[35]沃德·海伦,斯蒂芬·拉门兹,波尔·萨斯著.模态分析理论与试验.北京：北京理工大学出版社,2001
[36]张文志,韩清凯,刘亚忠等著.机械结构有限元分析.哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2006
[37]左鹤声,彭玉莺主编.振动试验模态分析.北京：中国铁道出版社,1995
[38]Wu Q, Litrico X, Bayen A M. Data reconciliation of an open channel. Advances in Water Resources,2009,32(2):193-204
[39]姚秉华,李德信.人造花岗岩复合材料的研究及其应用.机械工程材料,1993,17(4)：37-39
[40]侯镇冰,诸乃雄.人造花岗岩磨床床身的动态性能研究.机床,1991,(10)：34-36
[41]梁祖峰.TH6350加工中心主轴系统试验模态分析[硕士学位论文].昆明,昆明理工大学,2003
[42]T.Jiang and M.Chirehdast. A System Approach to Structural Topology Optimization:Designing Optimal Connections. Journal of Mechanical Design,1998,36(12):621-619
[43]包陈,王呼佳,陈洪军等编.ANSYS工程分析进阶实例.北京：中国水利水电出版社,(2009)
[44]李世芸,李功宇,张曙洪,ANSYS9.0基础及应用实例.中国科学文化出版社(2005)
[45]其实科技编.MATLAB7.0从入门到精通.北京：人民邮电出版社,(2006)
[46]Richard.L.Fox.Optimization Methods for Engineering Design. Addison Weslay Publishing company,1971
[47]徐平.钢纤维聚合物混凝土机床基础件静动态力学性能及损伤机理研究[硕士学位论文].辽宁,辽宁工程科技大学,2000