鲁西北地区地下热水的水文地球化学特征及形成条件研究
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摘要
鲁西北地区是山东省地热资源最丰富的地区。本区总体上为以热传导为主的大地热流作用机制下形成的低、中温地热资源。
本文对研究区地下热水水文地球化学特征、水—岩作用程度及地下热水形成的水文地球化学过程进行了分析研究,研究区地下热水的水文地球化学特征具有明显的分带性:①阳谷—齐河凸起岩溶地下热水,水—岩作用尚未达到平衡状态,还处于未饱和水阶段;水—岩作用主要表现为石膏和岩盐的溶解,地下热水矿化度逐步升高、水化学类型由SO_4-Ca水逐步演化为Cl·SO_4-Na·Ca水。②济阳—临清拗陷砂岩类孔隙地下热水大都位于局部平衡区,水—岩作用程度有所提高,但尚未达到平衡状态;水—岩作用主要表现为岩盐溶解和阳离子交换吸附等,矿化度增高,水化学类型演化为Cl -Na水为主。
研究区地下热水的δD为-49.9‰～-90.67‰,δ~18O为-8.0‰～-10.6‰,均分布在全球雨水线和当地雨水线的附近,说明该区地下热水主要是来自于其东南部海拔在256m～441m以上的泰山山脉及其周边山区的大气降水入渗,经过较远距离径流加热后形成的;脱硫系数以及各水样的Schoeller图等也说明地下热水主要为大气降水成因。根据地下热水的~2H过量参数d值及矿化度、特征参数等,评价了地下热水的可更新能力。
本文在综合分析研究地下热水的水动力场、水温度场、水化学场的基础上,概括了研究区地下热水的形成条件及水文地质概念模型。根据所处构造位置、水动力场等水文地质条件的不同及地下热水中有无冷、热水混合现象将研究区岩溶地下热水流动系统区分出循环型和封闭型局部地下热水流动系统。在冷、热水的混合条件较好地段,地下热水的可更新能力较强,形成循环条件较好型地下热水,以矿化度较低为主要特征(以济南北地热田西段为代表)。在冷、热水的混合条件较差地段,地下热水的可更新能力较弱,形成循环条件较差型地下热水,以矿化度较高为主要特征(以济南北地热田东段为代表)。聊城东地热田不存在冷、热水的混合现象,形成封闭型地下热水流动系统,水岩作用程度相对较高,~18O漂移较明显,地下热水的可更新能力较济南北地热田弱。
拗陷区孔隙地下热水所处水动力环境为华北盆地内部的径流滞缓带。由于热水被封存于缺氧的封闭水文地球化学环境中,在漫长的地质历史演化过程中热水的水化学类型趋于一致,以Cl-Na水为主,地下热水的可更新能力差。而在凹陷边缘处于构造密集区的圈闭型地下热水由于含有一部分来自盆地中心的与热储同层位或深部地层的沉积成因水,矿化度、主要组分和微量元素含量显著增高,地下热水的可更新能力很差。
Northwestern Shandong Province is the richest geothermal resources area. The whole area is dominated by the low, medium temperature geothermal resources formed in the mechanism of heat flow by thermal conduction chiefly.
Hydrogeochemical characteristics of geothermal water, water-rock interaction and the formation process of geothermal water in the study area were analysed and studyed, and hydrogeochemical characteristics was founded obviouly zonated:①For Yanggu - Qihe raised karst geothermal water, water - rock interaction has not yet reached the equilibrium state, but also in the "immature water" stage; with the dissolution of gypsum and rock salt as the main water-rock interaction, salinity of geothermal water gradually increased and water chemistry type is represented by SO_4-Ca water and gradually evolved into Cl ? SO_4-Na ? Ca water.②Jiyang - Linqing depression sandstone pores mostly in the local balance area, the water - rock interaction improved but not yet reached the equilibrium state; the principal water– rock interaction was salt dissolution and cation exchange adsorption, and salinity increased and water chemistry evolution was by Na-Cl primarily.
Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of the study area's geothermal water were distributed nearby the global and local water line withδD value from -49.9‰to -90.67‰,andδ~18O from-8.0‰to -10.6‰, indicating that geothermal water was from rainfall infiltration after a long distance heating,which was from the southeastern Taishan Mountains with 256m ~ 441m high and the surrounding mountains. In addition, desulfurization coefficient and the Schoeller diagram of the underground water, also shown the main causes of atmospheric precipitation. According to d value ,the excess parameter of ~2H,degree of mineralization and characteristic parameters ,the renewal ability of the underground water was evaluated .
Based on comprehensive analysis and study on hydrodynamic field、hydro-temperature field and chemical field of geothermal water, this paper summarized formation conditions and hydro-geological conceptual model of geothermal water in the study area. According to the differences of hydrogeology condition including structural situation and hydrodynamic field and with or without mixing phenomena of cold and hot water , karst geothermal water flow system in the study area can be divided into recycling-based and closed geothermal water flow system.In the hot and cold water mixed better area, geothermal water had stronger renewal ability and better circle condition with low salinity (as the west section of Jinan north geothermal field representative) as main characteristics ,while in the hot and cold water mixed badly area, geothermal water had weaker renewal ability and worse circle condition ,with high salinity (as the east section of Jinan north geothermal field representative) as main characteristics . Without mixing phenomena of cold and hot water in geothermal field in east Liaocheng, geothermal water formed closed geothermal water flow system., where water-rock interaction was relatively high and ~18O drifted significantly, updated capacity of geothermal water was poorer than that in north Jinan.
Hydrodynamic environment of pore water in concave field was slowness flow zones of internal north china basin. Because geothermal water was preserved in anoxic and closed hydrogeochemical environment and hydrochemistry type of geothermal water tended to be uniform by Na-Cl primarily in long geological evolutionary history, the renewal ability of geothermal water was weak.. For trap geothermal water of fault concentrated belt on the marginal parts of the depression, salinity, main components and trace element increased obviously, because one part of trap geothermal water was sedimentary genesis, which was from the center of the basin and in the same horizon as the geothermal reservoir or deep formation , and the renewal ability of geothermal water was correspondingly weak.
本文对研究区地下热水水文地球化学特征、水—岩作用程度及地下热水形成的水文地球化学过程进行了分析研究,研究区地下热水的水文地球化学特征具有明显的分带性:①阳谷—齐河凸起岩溶地下热水,水—岩作用尚未达到平衡状态,还处于未饱和水阶段;水—岩作用主要表现为石膏和岩盐的溶解,地下热水矿化度逐步升高、水化学类型由SO_4-Ca水逐步演化为Cl·SO_4-Na·Ca水。②济阳—临清拗陷砂岩类孔隙地下热水大都位于局部平衡区,水—岩作用程度有所提高,但尚未达到平衡状态;水—岩作用主要表现为岩盐溶解和阳离子交换吸附等,矿化度增高,水化学类型演化为Cl -Na水为主。
研究区地下热水的δD为-49.9‰～-90.67‰,δ~18O为-8.0‰～-10.6‰,均分布在全球雨水线和当地雨水线的附近,说明该区地下热水主要是来自于其东南部海拔在256m～441m以上的泰山山脉及其周边山区的大气降水入渗,经过较远距离径流加热后形成的;脱硫系数以及各水样的Schoeller图等也说明地下热水主要为大气降水成因。根据地下热水的~2H过量参数d值及矿化度、特征参数等,评价了地下热水的可更新能力。
本文在综合分析研究地下热水的水动力场、水温度场、水化学场的基础上,概括了研究区地下热水的形成条件及水文地质概念模型。根据所处构造位置、水动力场等水文地质条件的不同及地下热水中有无冷、热水混合现象将研究区岩溶地下热水流动系统区分出循环型和封闭型局部地下热水流动系统。在冷、热水的混合条件较好地段,地下热水的可更新能力较强,形成循环条件较好型地下热水,以矿化度较低为主要特征(以济南北地热田西段为代表)。在冷、热水的混合条件较差地段,地下热水的可更新能力较弱,形成循环条件较差型地下热水,以矿化度较高为主要特征(以济南北地热田东段为代表)。聊城东地热田不存在冷、热水的混合现象,形成封闭型地下热水流动系统,水岩作用程度相对较高,~18O漂移较明显,地下热水的可更新能力较济南北地热田弱。
拗陷区孔隙地下热水所处水动力环境为华北盆地内部的径流滞缓带。由于热水被封存于缺氧的封闭水文地球化学环境中,在漫长的地质历史演化过程中热水的水化学类型趋于一致,以Cl-Na水为主,地下热水的可更新能力差。而在凹陷边缘处于构造密集区的圈闭型地下热水由于含有一部分来自盆地中心的与热储同层位或深部地层的沉积成因水,矿化度、主要组分和微量元素含量显著增高,地下热水的可更新能力很差。
Northwestern Shandong Province is the richest geothermal resources area. The whole area is dominated by the low, medium temperature geothermal resources formed in the mechanism of heat flow by thermal conduction chiefly.
Hydrogeochemical characteristics of geothermal water, water-rock interaction and the formation process of geothermal water in the study area were analysed and studyed, and hydrogeochemical characteristics was founded obviouly zonated:①For Yanggu - Qihe raised karst geothermal water, water - rock interaction has not yet reached the equilibrium state, but also in the "immature water" stage; with the dissolution of gypsum and rock salt as the main water-rock interaction, salinity of geothermal water gradually increased and water chemistry type is represented by SO_4-Ca water and gradually evolved into Cl ? SO_4-Na ? Ca water.②Jiyang - Linqing depression sandstone pores mostly in the local balance area, the water - rock interaction improved but not yet reached the equilibrium state; the principal water– rock interaction was salt dissolution and cation exchange adsorption, and salinity increased and water chemistry evolution was by Na-Cl primarily.
Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of the study area's geothermal water were distributed nearby the global and local water line withδD value from -49.9‰to -90.67‰,andδ~18O from-8.0‰to -10.6‰, indicating that geothermal water was from rainfall infiltration after a long distance heating,which was from the southeastern Taishan Mountains with 256m ~ 441m high and the surrounding mountains. In addition, desulfurization coefficient and the Schoeller diagram of the underground water, also shown the main causes of atmospheric precipitation. According to d value ,the excess parameter of ~2H,degree of mineralization and characteristic parameters ,the renewal ability of the underground water was evaluated .
Based on comprehensive analysis and study on hydrodynamic field、hydro-temperature field and chemical field of geothermal water, this paper summarized formation conditions and hydro-geological conceptual model of geothermal water in the study area. According to the differences of hydrogeology condition including structural situation and hydrodynamic field and with or without mixing phenomena of cold and hot water , karst geothermal water flow system in the study area can be divided into recycling-based and closed geothermal water flow system.In the hot and cold water mixed better area, geothermal water had stronger renewal ability and better circle condition with low salinity (as the west section of Jinan north geothermal field representative) as main characteristics ,while in the hot and cold water mixed badly area, geothermal water had weaker renewal ability and worse circle condition ,with high salinity (as the east section of Jinan north geothermal field representative) as main characteristics . Without mixing phenomena of cold and hot water in geothermal field in east Liaocheng, geothermal water formed closed geothermal water flow system., where water-rock interaction was relatively high and ~18O drifted significantly, updated capacity of geothermal water was poorer than that in north Jinan.
Hydrodynamic environment of pore water in concave field was slowness flow zones of internal north china basin. Because geothermal water was preserved in anoxic and closed hydrogeochemical environment and hydrochemistry type of geothermal water tended to be uniform by Na-Cl primarily in long geological evolutionary history, the renewal ability of geothermal water was weak.. For trap geothermal water of fault concentrated belt on the marginal parts of the depression, salinity, main components and trace element increased obviously, because one part of trap geothermal water was sedimentary genesis, which was from the center of the basin and in the same horizon as the geothermal reservoir or deep formation , and the renewal ability of geothermal water was correspondingly weak.
引文
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