羊场湾煤矿大断面软岩巷道支护研究
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摘要
复杂条件下大断面软岩巷道支护技术是目前在矿井建设与安全开采所面临的难题之一。宁东矿区含煤面积约3500km2,煤炭储量约300亿t,占全区资源储量的87%,是国家批准建设的13个亿吨级大型煤炭基地之一。宁东矿区地质环境复杂,羊场湾煤矿是宁东矿区首开的现代化特大型矿井,其工作面开采技术条件十分复杂,岩体节理与裂隙发育,大采高开采条件下煤巷断面大,最大达21m2,煤岩体松软破碎。在采动影响下,大断面软岩巷道片帮与大面积冒顶现象频发,严重制约矿井安全与高效生产。
本论文以羊场湾煤矿复杂条件下大断面巷道支护控制为研究目标,在综合分析煤层区域赋存条件、现场工程地质特征、大断面巷道破坏及失稳特征以及支护模式基础上,采用室内测试方法,获得了羊场湾煤矿煤岩物理力学性态参数和强度指标;基于物理相似模拟和数值计算,分析了复杂条件下大断面巷道变形局部化特征;应用现场钻孔窥视、松动圈和声发射等监测或测试手段,对大断面巷道围岩松动范围和破裂程度进行了系统分析;根据巷道表面变形、锚杆(索)力学性态测试和超前支承压力分布规律监测结果,综合分析并揭示出了复杂条件下大断面软岩巷道局部变形与失稳规律;优化确定了大断面软岩巷道支护模式,并成功进行了现场应用,确保了复杂条件下大断面软岩巷道稳定和的安全运营。本研究对宁东矿区大断面软岩巷道支护具有指导作用,对同类条件矿井的围岩稳定性控制提供了值得借鉴的佐证。
It is one of the crucial technique problems to slove the large section roadway support in soft rock in mine construction and safety mining under the complex conditions.Ningdong Coal Region has 3500 sq.km and the coal resources reserve are thirty billion tons, which is percent of 87% of the Ningxia Hui Municipality and it is one of the thirteen one-hundred-million-grade-coal production-base of China. The geological environment and mining conditions are seriously complex in excavation disturbed zone. Yangchangwan Coal Mine is the first modern coal mine in Ningdong Coal Region,where rockmass joints and cracks were very developed, roadway excavation zone is large section and broken and soften, with maximal 21 sq.m. Under the effect of mining disturbanced, the dynamical occurrence of slough and large area collapse phenomenons seriously happened and threated to mine safety and production.
The objection of the thesis mainly concerned to the large section roadway support and control application under the complex conditions of Yangchangwan Coal Mine.Firstly, the comprehensive analysis of the field engineering geological characteristics were finished. Then, the roadway cross- section characteristics and patterns of support according to the rock mechanic test, the physical mechanical and the intensity parameter of coal and strata rock are obtained Furthermore, applying similar simulation and numerical analysised of the deformation characteristics under the complex conditions of large section roadway were comprehensive analyzed and evaluated by terms of borehole watching the scene, loose circle, acoustic emission monitoring and other means analysis of the scope and extent of loose rock and breakdown, combined with roadway surface deformation, bolt mechanical test and a comprehensive monitoring of distribution of ahead abutment pressure, through the failure investigation, in-depth analysised of of large sections of soft rock roadway local characteristics of deformation and instability evolution under the complex conditions.Finalily, the support form and parameter for the roadway had determined ,and specific control measures, ensuring the security and stability of the roadway were proposed. The research had a certain significance for the support to large section soft rock roadway and its application. Also, it could provide a worthy of proof for rockmass stability control to similar coal mine.
本论文以羊场湾煤矿复杂条件下大断面巷道支护控制为研究目标,在综合分析煤层区域赋存条件、现场工程地质特征、大断面巷道破坏及失稳特征以及支护模式基础上,采用室内测试方法,获得了羊场湾煤矿煤岩物理力学性态参数和强度指标;基于物理相似模拟和数值计算,分析了复杂条件下大断面巷道变形局部化特征;应用现场钻孔窥视、松动圈和声发射等监测或测试手段,对大断面巷道围岩松动范围和破裂程度进行了系统分析;根据巷道表面变形、锚杆(索)力学性态测试和超前支承压力分布规律监测结果,综合分析并揭示出了复杂条件下大断面软岩巷道局部变形与失稳规律;优化确定了大断面软岩巷道支护模式,并成功进行了现场应用,确保了复杂条件下大断面软岩巷道稳定和的安全运营。本研究对宁东矿区大断面软岩巷道支护具有指导作用,对同类条件矿井的围岩稳定性控制提供了值得借鉴的佐证。
It is one of the crucial technique problems to slove the large section roadway support in soft rock in mine construction and safety mining under the complex conditions.Ningdong Coal Region has 3500 sq.km and the coal resources reserve are thirty billion tons, which is percent of 87% of the Ningxia Hui Municipality and it is one of the thirteen one-hundred-million-grade-coal production-base of China. The geological environment and mining conditions are seriously complex in excavation disturbed zone. Yangchangwan Coal Mine is the first modern coal mine in Ningdong Coal Region,where rockmass joints and cracks were very developed, roadway excavation zone is large section and broken and soften, with maximal 21 sq.m. Under the effect of mining disturbanced, the dynamical occurrence of slough and large area collapse phenomenons seriously happened and threated to mine safety and production.
The objection of the thesis mainly concerned to the large section roadway support and control application under the complex conditions of Yangchangwan Coal Mine.Firstly, the comprehensive analysis of the field engineering geological characteristics were finished. Then, the roadway cross- section characteristics and patterns of support according to the rock mechanic test, the physical mechanical and the intensity parameter of coal and strata rock are obtained Furthermore, applying similar simulation and numerical analysised of the deformation characteristics under the complex conditions of large section roadway were comprehensive analyzed and evaluated by terms of borehole watching the scene, loose circle, acoustic emission monitoring and other means analysis of the scope and extent of loose rock and breakdown, combined with roadway surface deformation, bolt mechanical test and a comprehensive monitoring of distribution of ahead abutment pressure, through the failure investigation, in-depth analysised of of large sections of soft rock roadway local characteristics of deformation and instability evolution under the complex conditions.Finalily, the support form and parameter for the roadway had determined ,and specific control measures, ensuring the security and stability of the roadway were proposed. The research had a certain significance for the support to large section soft rock roadway and its application. Also, it could provide a worthy of proof for rockmass stability control to similar coal mine.
引文
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[2]神华宁夏煤业集团有限责任公司,西安科技大学.羊场湾煤矿大断面软岩巷道稳定性控制及应用研究[R].2008
[3]伍永平.大倾角煤层开采“R-S-F”系统动力学控制基础研究[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2006
[4]来兴平,周光华,张建华,等.基于现场监测的破碎围岩介质垮落失稳及综合分析[J],煤炭学报,2008,33(3):246-250.
[5]李玉民,来兴平,蔡晓芒,等.开采扰动区内层状围岩变尺度损伤及失稳预计实验及综合分析[J],西安科技大学学报,2007,27(1):15-19.
[6]崔洪明.宁东矿区三软煤层软岩巷道冒顶与防治剖析[J],西北煤炭,2008,6(2):15-18.
[7]何满潮,谢和平,彭苏萍,等.深部开采岩体力学研究[J],岩石力学与工程学报,2005, 24(16):2803-2814.
[8]伍永平,柴敬.回采巷道内岩体结构与支护体相互作用分析[J],阜新矿业学院学报(自然科学版) ,1997,16(1):55-59.
[9]于学馥,郑颖人,刘怀恒,等.地下工程围岩稳定性分析[M]:北京:煤炭工业出版社,1983
[10]侯朝炯.煤巷锚杆支护的关键理论与技术[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2002,No.1,2-5.
[11]侯朝炯,柏建彪,张农.困难复杂条件下的煤巷锚杆支护[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(1): 84-88
[12]朱维申,李术才,陈卫忠.节理岩体破坏机理和锚固效应及工程应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2002
[13] Sellers E J,Klerck P. Modeling of the effect of discontinuities on the extent of the fracture zone surrounding deep tunnels[J]. Tunneling and Underground Space.Technology,2000, 15(4):463~469.
[14]王金华.我国大采高综采技术与装备的现状及发展趋势[J],煤炭科学技术,2006, 34(1):4-7.
[15]弓培林,靳钟铭.大采高采场覆岩结构特征及运动规律研究[J],煤炭学报,2004,29(1): 7-11.
[16]闫少宏,尹希文.大采高综放开采几个理论问题的研究[J],2008,33(5):484-484.
[17]何富连,钱鸣高.大采高液压支架倾倒特征与控制条件[J],中国矿业大学报,1997, 26(4): 20-26.
[18]吴健,张勇.综放采场支架-围岩关系新概念[J],煤炭学报,2001,26 (4):350-355.
[19]郝海金,张勇,袁宗本.大采高开采上位岩层平衡结构及其对采场矿压显现的影响[J],煤炭学报,2004,29(2) :137-141.
[20]杨建辉,杨万斌,武梅良.煤巷板裂结构顶板锚杆一种设计方法及应[J],煤炭科学技术,2000,28(10):42-451.
[21]于广明,谢和平,杨伦,等,采动断层活化分形界面效应的数值模拟[J],煤炭学报, 1998, 23(4):42-46.
[22]何满潮.中国煤矿巷道锚杆支护理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[23]何满潮,景海河,孙晓明.软岩工程力学[M],北京:科学出版社,2002.
[24]张建勇,郑富德.锚杆作用力对锚固体力学性质的影响[M].山西煤炭,2002.22(2):36-40
[25]范秋雁,朱维申.软岩最优化支护计算方法[J],岩土工程学报,1997,19(2):77-82.
[26] Stankusa J.C.,Peng S.S. New concept for roof support. Coal Age, 1996.
[27]朱德仁,王金华,康红普,等.巷道煤帮稳定性相似材料模拟试验研究[J],煤炭学报,1998, 23(1):42-47.
[28]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,75-86.
[29]苗国航.我国预应力岩土锚固技术的现状与发展[J].地质与勘探,2003,(39)3:91-94.
[30]张玉祥,陆士良.破裂岩石的力学性能及在深井软岩控制中的应用[J],岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(6):622-627.
[31]王彩根.软岩巷道壁后充填支护机理与技术的研究:[D],徐州:中国矿业大学,1994.
[32]杨超,陆士良,姜耀东.支护阻力对不同岩性围岩变形的控制作用[J],中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(2):170-173.
[33] S.S. Peng. Time-dependent aspects of rock behavior as measured by a servo controlled hydra machine[J],International Journal of Rock Mechanics Mining Science, 1993, 10:235-246.
[34]范秋雁.软岩流变地压控制原理[J],中国矿业,1996,5(4):48-54.
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