急斜特厚煤层高阶段综放开采顶煤弱化技术研究
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摘要
急倾斜特厚煤层综放工作面顶煤弱化是实现安全高效开采的关键技术之一。乌鲁木齐矿区蕴藏着丰富的急斜厚煤层开采资源,水平分段放顶煤作为急斜厚煤层开采的一种科学方法已成为矿区目前惟一采用的开采方式。在合理的水平分段高度的基础上,提高回采率,保证安全高产高效开采,顶煤弱化技术研究就显得非常必要。
本文以乌鲁木齐矿区急斜特厚煤层高阶段综放开采问题为研究背景,通过急倾斜赋存条件下采动影响区内的煤岩力学性质综合实验,确定合理的失稳前兆判据,为急斜煤层放顶煤开采过程中可能诱发动力灾害的危险源辨识和预报提供定量化依据;物理相似模拟和数值计算综合分析表明:对顶煤采取预爆破及注水弱化后,顶煤、围岩发生了显著的破坏,煤体得到了充分破碎。采用工作面快速推进,控制均匀放煤速度与放煤量,能有效缓解并防治顶板突然破断并诱至采空区气体喷出或超限。现场采用松动圈检测仪、光学钻孔窥视仪与矿山压力监测等多元方法监测分析发现:工作面上覆煤体破坏严重,10m范围内裂隙发育广泛,顶煤弱化效果明显。现场开采表明:采用超前预爆与注水弱化工艺方法,煤体强度显著弱化,满足顶煤冒放要求,提高工作面顶煤放出率,降低了煤尘与煤自燃几率,最终达到了增产增效与安全开采目的。
本研究对急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段综放开采工艺方法的完善提供借鉴,对该类煤层开采工艺的拓展也具有十分重要的意义。
The top-coal weaking technology is one of the key technologies to achieve safe and highly efficient mining of steep and thick coal seam. There contains abundant steep seam mining resources, horizontal section caving is a scientific method to mining this type of coal seam in Urumqi coal region.And it has become the only technology at present. it is very necessary to improve the recovery rate and ensure security and high efficiency coal mining in terms of a reasonable level section and weakening technology.
This thesis is aim of the steep thick seam mining of Urumqi coal region, through rock mechanical properties experiments under the influence of miming, we determine the reasonable instability emission, which provide quantitative basis to dynamic disaster of hazard identification and forecasting as steep seam mining process; the results of physical simulation and calculation indicates that: after pre-blasting and water weakening in the seam, the upper-coal and its surrounding rock are obviously damaged, and the coal seam is adequately broken. Fast face advancing and control the even caving speed and quantity can effective mitigation and prevention roof suddenly broken, it can also induces gas pumping out or overflowing. Using loose circle detector, infrared optical drilling and underground pressure monitoring, we conclude that: the coal on the top of face broken seriously, and in 10m range fractured widely, all of these show that the top coal is dampening obvious. Adoption of the mining field indicates: pre-detonation and water technology significantly weakening of coal, meet top coal caving requirements, it improves caving rate, and reduces the chance of spontaneous combustion of coal dust. At last these technologies increase the coal output safe mining.
All those offer reference of perfecting mining method on steep thick.Also; it is of great significance to the class extension of coal mining technology process.
本文以乌鲁木齐矿区急斜特厚煤层高阶段综放开采问题为研究背景,通过急倾斜赋存条件下采动影响区内的煤岩力学性质综合实验,确定合理的失稳前兆判据,为急斜煤层放顶煤开采过程中可能诱发动力灾害的危险源辨识和预报提供定量化依据;物理相似模拟和数值计算综合分析表明:对顶煤采取预爆破及注水弱化后,顶煤、围岩发生了显著的破坏,煤体得到了充分破碎。采用工作面快速推进,控制均匀放煤速度与放煤量,能有效缓解并防治顶板突然破断并诱至采空区气体喷出或超限。现场采用松动圈检测仪、光学钻孔窥视仪与矿山压力监测等多元方法监测分析发现:工作面上覆煤体破坏严重,10m范围内裂隙发育广泛,顶煤弱化效果明显。现场开采表明:采用超前预爆与注水弱化工艺方法,煤体强度显著弱化,满足顶煤冒放要求,提高工作面顶煤放出率,降低了煤尘与煤自燃几率,最终达到了增产增效与安全开采目的。
本研究对急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段综放开采工艺方法的完善提供借鉴,对该类煤层开采工艺的拓展也具有十分重要的意义。
The top-coal weaking technology is one of the key technologies to achieve safe and highly efficient mining of steep and thick coal seam. There contains abundant steep seam mining resources, horizontal section caving is a scientific method to mining this type of coal seam in Urumqi coal region.And it has become the only technology at present. it is very necessary to improve the recovery rate and ensure security and high efficiency coal mining in terms of a reasonable level section and weakening technology.
This thesis is aim of the steep thick seam mining of Urumqi coal region, through rock mechanical properties experiments under the influence of miming, we determine the reasonable instability emission, which provide quantitative basis to dynamic disaster of hazard identification and forecasting as steep seam mining process; the results of physical simulation and calculation indicates that: after pre-blasting and water weakening in the seam, the upper-coal and its surrounding rock are obviously damaged, and the coal seam is adequately broken. Fast face advancing and control the even caving speed and quantity can effective mitigation and prevention roof suddenly broken, it can also induces gas pumping out or overflowing. Using loose circle detector, infrared optical drilling and underground pressure monitoring, we conclude that: the coal on the top of face broken seriously, and in 10m range fractured widely, all of these show that the top coal is dampening obvious. Adoption of the mining field indicates: pre-detonation and water technology significantly weakening of coal, meet top coal caving requirements, it improves caving rate, and reduces the chance of spontaneous combustion of coal dust. At last these technologies increase the coal output safe mining.
All those offer reference of perfecting mining method on steep thick.Also; it is of great significance to the class extension of coal mining technology process.
引文
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[4]王宁波.合理提高急倾斜综放工作面水平分段高度的探讨[J].西部探矿工程,2007, 10:149-150
[5]国家安全生产监督管理总局,国家煤矿安全监察局.煤矿安全规程[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2006
[6]傅贵,袁海洋,解兴智.煤体对纯水吸收速度的影响因素分析[J].煤炭学报, 1999,24(5): 489-493
[7]金龙哲,任宝洪,范文彬.煤体自然渗流吸湿的试验研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2001,29(2): 42-44
[8]金龙哲,宋存义,蒋仲安.压力渗流润湿煤体的试验研究[J].安全与环境学报,2001,1(5): 19-21
[9]宋维源,李大广,章梦涛,等.煤层注水的水气驱替理论研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2006,17(2):147-150
[10]张永吉主编.煤层注水技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001
[11] Chugh Y P. Effects of moisture on strata control in coal mines[J].Engineering Geology, 1981,17(4):241-255
[12]赵阳升.矿山岩体流体力学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1994
[13]李自强.水压致裂法地下绝对应力测量[M].北京:地震出版社,1984
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[15]康红普.水对岩石的损伤[J].水文地质与工程地质,1994,(3):39-40
[16]朱珍德.裂隙水压对岩体强度的影响[J].岩土力学,2000,21(1):64-67
[17]闫少宏,宁宇,康立军,等.用水力压裂处理坚硬顶板的机理及实验研究[J].煤炭学报,2000,26(1):32-35
[18]邓广哲.封闭型煤层裂隙地应力场控制水压致裂特性[J].煤炭学报, 2001,26(5):478-482
[19]王惠宾,汪远东,卢平.煤层注水中添加润湿剂的研究[J].煤炭学报,1994,19(2): 151-160
[20]黄炳香,邓广哲,刘长友.煤岩体水力致裂弱化技术及其进展[J].中国工程科学, 2007, 9(4):83-87
[21]曹胜根,刘长友,李鸿昌.浅析放顶煤开采的煤炭回收率[J].矿山压力与顶板管理, 1993,(4):100-104
[22]杨小林,王树仁,杨军.岩石爆破损伤模型及评述[J].工程爆破,1995,5(3):71-75
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