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会泽铅锌矿采场爆破及临时支护技术应用研究
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摘要
随着浅部矿产资源逐渐枯竭,越来越多的金属矿山正在或即将进入深部开采。但深部矿床地质条件极其复杂、地应力较大、岩体破碎严重、涌量急增、地温陡升,导致提升难度大、作业环境恶劣、采矿成本大大增加,且科技平要求也越来越高。因此,实现安全经济高效开采势在必行。
     论文结合国家十一.五科技支撑计划项目“复杂富矿床开采关键技术开发与研究”,在系统调研国内外相关文献资料的基础上,从理论分析、数值模拟与现场试验三个方面开展工作,理论与应用研究相结合,主要研究成果如下:
     (1)采场爆破参数优化研究。基于断裂力学与损伤力学的相关理论,对考虑和不考虑爆破损伤两种情况下的光面爆破参数进行分析计算。分析岩石爆破的几种理论模型,研究光爆层对围岩的破坏以及崩落孔对光爆层的损伤,并以此对爆破参数进行了优化。
     (2)采场爆破参数及损伤数值模拟研究。针对影响爆破效果的几个主要参数(炮孔间距、最小抵抗线和线装药密度),用ANSYS显式动力学模块进行了数值模拟,通过分析不同的条件下的应力、速度、位移等特性,得出不同因素对爆破效果的影响程度;同时就崩落孔对光爆层以及光爆层对围岩的损伤破坏、爆破对充填体和已形成顶板的破坏情况进行分析研究。
     (3)采场临时支护参数优化。分析采场临时支护的影响因素,将煤矿使用的单体液压支柱引入到“三高”软碎岩体采场临时支护;结合支柱的相关性能参数,对采场结构参数和采场临时支护参数进行设计。
     (4)现场工业试验及数据监测。进行岩石室内性能测试实验、光面爆破参数优化工业试验和单体液压支柱护顶采矿工业试验,观察准光面爆破效果、单体液压支柱的工作状况和围岩与支柱互相作用的效果。采用正交试验对爆破参数进行设计,并采用极差分析法处理数据,得出光面爆破的最优参数。
With the gradual depletion of mineral resources in the shallow, increasingly mines are being or will be exploited to the deep part. However, the geological conditions are extremely complicated, such as large stress, seriously crushing rock, surge increased water inflow and temperature. These factors induce that it's difficult for lifting, work environment is adverse, the costs of mining increase greatly, and it also ask for more advanced mining technology. Therefore, it is imperative to achieve safe, economical and efficient mining. Based on the foundation "Key technology development and research on exploitation of complex and high water cut mines" in the National Key Technologies R&D Program for the 11th Five-year Plan, on the systematic research of relevant literatures published in home and abroad, through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field test, and combining with theory and application research, some main research results were obtained in this paper as follows:
     (1) Research of stope blasting parameter optimization. Based on fracture mechanics and damage mechanics, we optimize parameters of quasi-smooth blasting under both cases of considering or non-considering on blasting damage. And anslyze some theoretical models of rock blasting and studies rock damage resulted from blast layer as well as blast layer damage leaded by caving hole. Furthermore, optimize blast parameters.
     (2) Numerical simulation of stope blasting parameters. For the main parameters which influence blasting effects (e.g. blast hole spacing, smooth layer thickness and linear charge density), Using ANSYS explicit dynamic module to analyze different conditions'effect on stress, strain, displacement, conclusion the influence degree of factors on the blasting effect. Meanwhile, the analysis and research of the smooth blasting layer damage leaded by caving hole, the surrounding rock damage caused by the smooth blasting layer, and blasting damage on the paste and roof damage.
     (3) Optimization of stope temporary support parameters. The factors which effect stope stability were studied. Introduce the single hydraulic props used in coal mine to the the "three high" soft-breaking of rock stope temporary support; Design the parameters of the stope structure and temperament supports associated with performance parameters of props.
     (4) On-site industrial experiments and data Monitoring. Indoor performance test of rock, industrial test of quasi-smooth blasting parameters optimization and industrial test of mining with roof support by single hydraulic prop were carried out. After observing the effect of quasi-smooth blasting, working conditions of single hydraulic prop and interaction effect of surrounding rock and the prop, designed parameters of the blasting by Orthogonal experiment, and range analysis the data, and then obtained the optimal parameters of smooth blasting.
引文
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