软岩巷道爆破卸压机理及数值模拟分析
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摘要
随着我国煤炭开采越来越向深部发展,矿井软岩的支护和维护问题显得越来越突出,软岩巷道支护是地下工程中复杂而重要的技术问题之一,巷道稳定性难以控制,仅仅从加强支护体本身强度人手,不能从根本上解决软岩巷道支护问题,必须从围岩应力及支护结构两方面进行综合考虑,充分发挥围岩自支承能力,使围岩和支护结构成为相辅相成、相互依存的两部分,从根本上解决软岩巷道稳定性问题。
本文首先阐述了软岩的概念、分类、力学特征等相关性质。针对软岩巷道围岩失稳破坏的特点,用‘四折线’简化软岩的应力应变曲线,根根软岩的弹、塑、粘流理论推导了软岩巷道围岩应力的解析表达式及围岩各破坏区的破坏范围。本文还系统的介绍了软岩巷道破坏的主要形式以及防治措施。为了能有效的解决软岩巷道稳定性问题,提出了采用爆破法来降低或转移围岩应力峰值,以充分发挥围岩的自承载能力。并从两个角度即应力转移原理和能量守恒原理,研究分析了爆破卸压法在理论上的科学性,为实际工程提供了理论支撑。
本文应用FLAC软件模拟了未爆破卸压和爆破卸压后巷道围岩的应力、变形和塑性区分布情况,模拟结果显示爆破卸压法能够有效的将围岩应力峰值降低或转移到围岩深部,减小作用在支护结构上的压力,维持了巷道的长期稳定。理论分析和数值模拟结果都表明,爆破卸压法可以有效的降低围岩应力和变形,降低了软岩巷道发生破坏的几率,从而减少巷道支护和维修的成本,经济效益显著,并且在理论上也具有重要的研究价值。
With the development of coal mining's depth, the problem of supporting and maintaining for soft rock roadway becomes more and more conspicuous so as that the problem of soft rock roadway's support becomes one of the most complex and important technical problems. It is not enough to control the soft rock roadway's stability by strengthening support body's intensity It should perform fully surrounding rock's carrying capacity by itself making the surrounding rock and the support becomes two parts witch interact with each other.
This paper makes a systematic explosion for the characteristics and mechanics property of soft rock, replace the stress-strain curves with four-play line curves according to the characteristics of broken soft rock roadway. Then derivate the stress of soft rock's roadway's surrounding rock and the destructive range of surrounding rock with the theory of elastic, plastic and viscous flow, this paper also introduce systematic the main type of soft rock roadway's damage and methods of controlling damage .in order to solve the problem of soft rock pressure peak or shifting towards deeper rock so as to perform fully the surrounding rock's carrying capacity. By analysis the pressure relief of blasting from two aspects which are the theory of diverting stress and the theory of energy conservation, we confirms that the method of pressure relief of blasting is scientific and provide theoretical foundation with the actual project.
In addition, this paper simulates the surrounding rock's stress, strain and plastic zone of roadway which is released pressure and roadway which is treated without releasing pressure. The results show that the pressure relief of blasting can make pressure peak diverting towards deeper rock or reducing pressure peak. So, the pressure which role in support structure and the roadway can keep stability for long time. The theoretical analysis and the results of simulation also shows that the pressure relief of blasting can reduces effectively the stress, displacement, the probability of damage of surrounding rock so as to decrease the cost of roadway's support and service, at the same time it also has important theoretical value.
本文首先阐述了软岩的概念、分类、力学特征等相关性质。针对软岩巷道围岩失稳破坏的特点,用‘四折线’简化软岩的应力应变曲线,根根软岩的弹、塑、粘流理论推导了软岩巷道围岩应力的解析表达式及围岩各破坏区的破坏范围。本文还系统的介绍了软岩巷道破坏的主要形式以及防治措施。为了能有效的解决软岩巷道稳定性问题,提出了采用爆破法来降低或转移围岩应力峰值,以充分发挥围岩的自承载能力。并从两个角度即应力转移原理和能量守恒原理,研究分析了爆破卸压法在理论上的科学性,为实际工程提供了理论支撑。
本文应用FLAC软件模拟了未爆破卸压和爆破卸压后巷道围岩的应力、变形和塑性区分布情况,模拟结果显示爆破卸压法能够有效的将围岩应力峰值降低或转移到围岩深部,减小作用在支护结构上的压力,维持了巷道的长期稳定。理论分析和数值模拟结果都表明,爆破卸压法可以有效的降低围岩应力和变形,降低了软岩巷道发生破坏的几率,从而减少巷道支护和维修的成本,经济效益显著,并且在理论上也具有重要的研究价值。
With the development of coal mining's depth, the problem of supporting and maintaining for soft rock roadway becomes more and more conspicuous so as that the problem of soft rock roadway's support becomes one of the most complex and important technical problems. It is not enough to control the soft rock roadway's stability by strengthening support body's intensity It should perform fully surrounding rock's carrying capacity by itself making the surrounding rock and the support becomes two parts witch interact with each other.
This paper makes a systematic explosion for the characteristics and mechanics property of soft rock, replace the stress-strain curves with four-play line curves according to the characteristics of broken soft rock roadway. Then derivate the stress of soft rock's roadway's surrounding rock and the destructive range of surrounding rock with the theory of elastic, plastic and viscous flow, this paper also introduce systematic the main type of soft rock roadway's damage and methods of controlling damage .in order to solve the problem of soft rock pressure peak or shifting towards deeper rock so as to perform fully the surrounding rock's carrying capacity. By analysis the pressure relief of blasting from two aspects which are the theory of diverting stress and the theory of energy conservation, we confirms that the method of pressure relief of blasting is scientific and provide theoretical foundation with the actual project.
In addition, this paper simulates the surrounding rock's stress, strain and plastic zone of roadway which is released pressure and roadway which is treated without releasing pressure. The results show that the pressure relief of blasting can make pressure peak diverting towards deeper rock or reducing pressure peak. So, the pressure which role in support structure and the roadway can keep stability for long time. The theoretical analysis and the results of simulation also shows that the pressure relief of blasting can reduces effectively the stress, displacement, the probability of damage of surrounding rock so as to decrease the cost of roadway's support and service, at the same time it also has important theoretical value.
引文
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[24]KrsmanovicD. Initial and residual shear strength of hard rocks[J]. Geotechnique.1998,17(3): 145～160
[25]郝朋伟.高应力软岩巷道锚杆支护的数值模拟[D].合肥：安徽理工大学硕士学位论文,2006
[26]孙均.地下工程设计理论与时间[M].上海：上海科学技术出版社,1996
[27]董方庭等.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论及其应用技术[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,2001
[28]方祖烈.抗拉域特征及主次承载区的维护理论[J].世纪之交软岩工程技术现状与展望[c],北京：煤炭工业出版社,1999,48～51
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[32]李明远,王连国等.软岩巷道锚注支护理论与实践[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,2001
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