快轨路基下沉位移监测系统研究
摘要
本课题是大连市某快轨公司委托研发的实际工程项目,目的是实时远程监测快轨线路中某两处软弱路基的下沉状态。该软弱路基是由地下煤矿采空区造成的,一旦发生大面积下沉,将会对列车和人民生命财产带来巨大损失。所以该系统的应用将对列车运行起到重要的安全保障作用。
本课题根据实际工程的特殊性,提出了一种非接触式自动实时测量快轨路基下沉位移的新方法,并完成了实用可靠的远程监测系统。
该监测系统主要由两套监测终端和一套监控中心组成。监测终端主要由激光测距传感器、步进电机、单片机控制系统、GPRS无线数传终端和特定形状的目标靶等组成。监控中心主要由一台专用服务器、数据接收与处理单元、数据库、数据显示单元等组成。
监测终端包括监测装置和目标靶两大部分,监测装置安放在采空区以外的不发生下沉的安全地点,称为监测点;目标靶安放在可能会发生下沉的快轨软弱路基上,称为被监测点。监测装置中的激光测距传感器远程测量监测点到被监测点的距离,目标靶将被监测路基的纵向下沉位移量转换成激光测距传感器测得的距离的变化量,单片机控制系统通过采集该距离变化量来计算出快轨路基的纵向位移量。为了保证监测系统的可靠性,在每处待测路基上安装10个目标靶,单片机系统控制步进电机带动激光测距传感器旋转,依次对第1个到第10个目标靶进行测量。监测终端实时采集快轨路基的下沉位移信息,然后通过GPRS数传终端以无线的方式传送给监控中心;监控中心接收、提取、存储及显示这些信息,并对信息做出智能性分析,如出现险情能及时自动报警。该系统实现了现场数据实时上网,使得监测人员在任何能接入Internet的地方可以随时浏览到现场状态。
This subject is a practical project from a Dalian high-speed railway company. Its aim is to implement remote and real-time monitoring for weak roadbed subsidence displacement. This weak roadbed is made of underground old coal mining area. If the weak roadbed collapses widely, it will threat seriously train and human. Therefore, the application of this monitoring system is very important for assuring the safety of train.
Based on characteristics of the practical project, this subject proposes a new non-contact method which can measure the subsidence displacement automatically and real-timely. It also finishes an applicable and reliable remote monitoring system.
The monitoring system is mainly made of two monitoring terminals and a set of monitoring center. Monitoring terminal consists of a laser distance sensor, some special shaped targets, a step motor, a singlechip controlling system and a GPRS wireless data transport module and so on. Monitoring center is composed of a special-purpose server, the data collecting and dealing module, database and the data display module and so on.
The monitoring terminal contains a set of measure device and some targets. The measure device is fixed on a strong place out of the weak roadbed and named measuring point. Targets are fixed in the range of weak roadbed and called measured point. Laser distance sensor, as one part of the measure device, measures the distance between measuring point and measured point. Targets changes roadbed subsidence displacement to the distance variation got by laser sensor. Singlechip control system collects the variable distance and changes it to the roadbed subsidence. To assure the reliability of this system, we set 10 targets in every weak roadbed. SCM control system controls a step motor to make laser distance sensor aim at every target accurately. The monitoring terminal collects roadbed subsidence displacement in a real time, and sends this information to monitoring center wirelessly by GPRS data transport module. The function of monitoring center is receiving data, extracting, saving and displaying them. If there is something dangerous, it will give an alarm automatically at once. The system can realize the real-time transferring of data to Internet, which provides the supervisors with spot data every moment and everywhere as long as they can access to the Internet.
本课题根据实际工程的特殊性,提出了一种非接触式自动实时测量快轨路基下沉位移的新方法,并完成了实用可靠的远程监测系统。
该监测系统主要由两套监测终端和一套监控中心组成。监测终端主要由激光测距传感器、步进电机、单片机控制系统、GPRS无线数传终端和特定形状的目标靶等组成。监控中心主要由一台专用服务器、数据接收与处理单元、数据库、数据显示单元等组成。
监测终端包括监测装置和目标靶两大部分,监测装置安放在采空区以外的不发生下沉的安全地点,称为监测点;目标靶安放在可能会发生下沉的快轨软弱路基上,称为被监测点。监测装置中的激光测距传感器远程测量监测点到被监测点的距离,目标靶将被监测路基的纵向下沉位移量转换成激光测距传感器测得的距离的变化量,单片机控制系统通过采集该距离变化量来计算出快轨路基的纵向位移量。为了保证监测系统的可靠性,在每处待测路基上安装10个目标靶,单片机系统控制步进电机带动激光测距传感器旋转,依次对第1个到第10个目标靶进行测量。监测终端实时采集快轨路基的下沉位移信息,然后通过GPRS数传终端以无线的方式传送给监控中心;监控中心接收、提取、存储及显示这些信息,并对信息做出智能性分析,如出现险情能及时自动报警。该系统实现了现场数据实时上网,使得监测人员在任何能接入Internet的地方可以随时浏览到现场状态。
This subject is a practical project from a Dalian high-speed railway company. Its aim is to implement remote and real-time monitoring for weak roadbed subsidence displacement. This weak roadbed is made of underground old coal mining area. If the weak roadbed collapses widely, it will threat seriously train and human. Therefore, the application of this monitoring system is very important for assuring the safety of train.
Based on characteristics of the practical project, this subject proposes a new non-contact method which can measure the subsidence displacement automatically and real-timely. It also finishes an applicable and reliable remote monitoring system.
The monitoring system is mainly made of two monitoring terminals and a set of monitoring center. Monitoring terminal consists of a laser distance sensor, some special shaped targets, a step motor, a singlechip controlling system and a GPRS wireless data transport module and so on. Monitoring center is composed of a special-purpose server, the data collecting and dealing module, database and the data display module and so on.
The monitoring terminal contains a set of measure device and some targets. The measure device is fixed on a strong place out of the weak roadbed and named measuring point. Targets are fixed in the range of weak roadbed and called measured point. Laser distance sensor, as one part of the measure device, measures the distance between measuring point and measured point. Targets changes roadbed subsidence displacement to the distance variation got by laser sensor. Singlechip control system collects the variable distance and changes it to the roadbed subsidence. To assure the reliability of this system, we set 10 targets in every weak roadbed. SCM control system controls a step motor to make laser distance sensor aim at every target accurately. The monitoring terminal collects roadbed subsidence displacement in a real time, and sends this information to monitoring center wirelessly by GPRS data transport module. The function of monitoring center is receiving data, extracting, saving and displaying them. If there is something dangerous, it will give an alarm automatically at once. The system can realize the real-time transferring of data to Internet, which provides the supervisors with spot data every moment and everywhere as long as they can access to the Internet.
引文
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[2]杨新安,孟凡江,孙经川.路基检测技术综述.铁道建筑技术.2006,04期:56-60.
[3]祝海涛等.沉降观测在胶新铁路路基工程中的应用.铁道建筑.2004,09期
[4]申爱琴,苏毅,岳鹏飞.多功能路基沉降测定板开发研究与应用.公路交通科技.2004,11期
[5]张海彬.高速公路软基路堤施工监控技术.路基工程.2005,05期
[6]李静宇.采煤塌陷对区域生态安全的影响分析研究.科技信息(学术版).2006,08期:467.
[7]苑宏伟等.煤矿开采区域铁路下沉位移的测量研究.矿业安全与环保.2003年4月,30(2)
[8]王建波.激光测距仪原理及应用.有色设备.2002,06期:15-16.
[9]王丽,许安涛,王英.激光器的发展及激光测距的方法.焦作大学学报.2007,04期:55-56,71.
[10]赵铭全,赵铭军.相位激光测距及其应用.电光系统,2001,3:31-32
[11]宋敏.远程激光测距控制系统的设计与研究:(硕士学位论文).授学位地:四川大学(四川),2004
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[14]秦勇.基于GPRS的无线数据采集在环境自动监测中的应用:(硕士学位论文).授学位地:中国地质大学(北京),2006.
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[16]金福宝.基于GPRS的桥梁远程监测系统的研究:(硕士学位论文).授学位地:东北林业大学(黑龙江),2007.
[17]高志强.基于GPRS的配电变压器远程监测系统设计:(硕士学位论文).授学位地:山东理工大学(山东),2007.
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