基于无线传感技术的温室环境监测系统研究
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摘要
无线传感器网络技术综合了传感器、嵌入式计算、现代网络以及无线通信和分布式信息处理等技术,是当前国际上的前沿热点研究领域。把无线传感器网络应用到温室环境监测系统,实现自组织网络、无线数据传输和智能控制,可以有效地解决传统温室布线困难、组网复杂以及系统不易维护等缺点。同时,将无线传感器网络技术引入到农业生产中,对实现农业现代化也具有十分重要的意义。
由于温室环境监测系统对功耗、成本以及稳定性等方面的要求非常高,因此本文选用具有低功耗、低成本、高稳定性等特点的ZigBee无线传感器网络技术,构建一套用于监测温湿度的温室无线传感器网络模型。
论文首先介绍了ZigBee协议的构架和ZigBee网络,并对TI的Z-Stack协议栈的工作方式及主要工作流程作了深入研究。论文的主体围绕三个方面展开:系统的整体设计、节点硬件设计与节点软件设计。
(1)根据温室环境监测的实际要求,本文提出了一种新型的基于ZigBee技术的温室环境监测系统解决方案,并给出了系统的整体结构。
(2)无线传感器网络节点的硬件设计。从成本、功耗等多方面考虑,本文设计了一种以CC2430芯片为核心的节点结构,并对各个硬件组成部分作进行元器件选型和相关的外围电路设计。
(3)基于Z-Stack协议栈,对无线传感器网络节点进行软件设计,主要包括组网程序设计、数据收发程序设计以及温湿度采集程序设计。
论文的最后开展了对温室无线传感器网络的实验测试,主要包括:无线通信和组网测试、温湿度采集测试、丢包率测试以及功耗计算。实验结果表明本文设计的ZigBee温室环境监测系统解决方案是完全可行的。
Wireless sensor network technology combines sensors, embedded computing, wireless communication and modern networks and distributed information processing technology, which is a hot issue in the current international research. Adopting wireless sensor network technology, the greenhouse environmental monitoring system can achieve self-organizing network, Wireless data transmission and intelligent control, also it can solve the problems of traditional greenhouse effectively, such as difficult cabling, complex formation of network and unease system maintenance. Meanwhile, introducing wireless sensor network technology into agricultural production is also of great significance to agricultural modernization. The greenhouse environmental monitoring system has very strict criterion of the system power, cost and stability. Therefore, the ZigBee technology, for its low-power, low-cost and high-stability, had been selected to build a new wireless sensor network model for monitoring temperature and humidity in greenhouse.
This paper firstly introduced ZigBee protocol framework and ZigBee network, and then had a depth study on the working mode and the main work flow of Z-Stack. This article introduced the monitoring system of three aspects: overall design, hardware design and software design.
(1) According to the actual requirements of the greenhouse environment monitoring, a new solution of greenhouse environmental monitoring system based on ZigBee technology was put forward. This paper also designed the entire structure of the system.
(2) Hardware design of wireless sensor network node. Consideration of cost, power and other aspects, a node structure which used CC2430 chip as the core was designed. This paper also selected suitable devices and designed related peripheral circuits for all hardware components.
(3) According to Z-Stack, software design of wireless sensor network node was brought out, which included formation of network programming, data transceiver programming and temperature and humidity acquisition programming.
Finally, the wireless sensor network experiments for greenhouse were carried out, which included wireless communications and formation of network test, temperature and humidity acquisition test, Packet loss rate test and power calculation. Experimental results show that the solution of greenhouse environmental monitoring system is feasible.
由于温室环境监测系统对功耗、成本以及稳定性等方面的要求非常高,因此本文选用具有低功耗、低成本、高稳定性等特点的ZigBee无线传感器网络技术,构建一套用于监测温湿度的温室无线传感器网络模型。
论文首先介绍了ZigBee协议的构架和ZigBee网络,并对TI的Z-Stack协议栈的工作方式及主要工作流程作了深入研究。论文的主体围绕三个方面展开:系统的整体设计、节点硬件设计与节点软件设计。
(1)根据温室环境监测的实际要求,本文提出了一种新型的基于ZigBee技术的温室环境监测系统解决方案,并给出了系统的整体结构。
(2)无线传感器网络节点的硬件设计。从成本、功耗等多方面考虑,本文设计了一种以CC2430芯片为核心的节点结构,并对各个硬件组成部分作进行元器件选型和相关的外围电路设计。
(3)基于Z-Stack协议栈,对无线传感器网络节点进行软件设计,主要包括组网程序设计、数据收发程序设计以及温湿度采集程序设计。
论文的最后开展了对温室无线传感器网络的实验测试,主要包括:无线通信和组网测试、温湿度采集测试、丢包率测试以及功耗计算。实验结果表明本文设计的ZigBee温室环境监测系统解决方案是完全可行的。
Wireless sensor network technology combines sensors, embedded computing, wireless communication and modern networks and distributed information processing technology, which is a hot issue in the current international research. Adopting wireless sensor network technology, the greenhouse environmental monitoring system can achieve self-organizing network, Wireless data transmission and intelligent control, also it can solve the problems of traditional greenhouse effectively, such as difficult cabling, complex formation of network and unease system maintenance. Meanwhile, introducing wireless sensor network technology into agricultural production is also of great significance to agricultural modernization. The greenhouse environmental monitoring system has very strict criterion of the system power, cost and stability. Therefore, the ZigBee technology, for its low-power, low-cost and high-stability, had been selected to build a new wireless sensor network model for monitoring temperature and humidity in greenhouse.
This paper firstly introduced ZigBee protocol framework and ZigBee network, and then had a depth study on the working mode and the main work flow of Z-Stack. This article introduced the monitoring system of three aspects: overall design, hardware design and software design.
(1) According to the actual requirements of the greenhouse environment monitoring, a new solution of greenhouse environmental monitoring system based on ZigBee technology was put forward. This paper also designed the entire structure of the system.
(2) Hardware design of wireless sensor network node. Consideration of cost, power and other aspects, a node structure which used CC2430 chip as the core was designed. This paper also selected suitable devices and designed related peripheral circuits for all hardware components.
(3) According to Z-Stack, software design of wireless sensor network node was brought out, which included formation of network programming, data transceiver programming and temperature and humidity acquisition programming.
Finally, the wireless sensor network experiments for greenhouse were carried out, which included wireless communications and formation of network test, temperature and humidity acquisition test, Packet loss rate test and power calculation. Experimental results show that the solution of greenhouse environmental monitoring system is feasible.
引文
[1]徐勇军,徐朝农,吕涛,李晓维.应用于无线传感器网络的低功耗微处理器设计[EB/OL]. http://lib.ict.ac.cn/, 2009-10-20.
[2]孙利民,李建中,陈渝等.无线传感器网络[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2005.
[3]高守玮,吴灿阳等. ZigBee技术实践教程[M].北京:北京航空航天出版社, 2009.
[4]马琦.基于无线传感器网络的温室温湿度监测系统研究[D][硕士学位论文],太原:中北大学, 2009.
[5]潘大宇. ZigBee技术在农业自动化监控系统中的研究和应用[D][硕士学位论文],曲阜:曲阜师范大学, 2009.
[6]刘建.无线传感器网络的特点[EB/OL]. http://net.chinaunix.net/3/2009/01/19/1358272.shtml, 2009-01-19.
[7]陈学川.基于ZigBee技术的无线粮情监测系统平台的设计与实现[D][硕士学位论文],北京:北京邮电大学, 2009.
[8]杨佑禄.无线传感器网络环境监测系统节点设计与实现[D][硕士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学, 2009.
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[10]Christopher R. Palmer, J. Gregory Steffan. Generating network topologies that obey power law[C]. Proc. of the IEEE GLOBECOM, 2000, 12: 434-438.
[11]马骏.基于ZigBee技术的嵌入式监控系统设计与实现[D][硕士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学, 2009.
[12]Alan Mainwaring, Joseph Polastre. Wireless Sensor Networks for Habitat Monitoring[C]. WSNA’02, 2002, 30: 579-589.
[13]孙利民,李建中,陈渝等.无线传感器网络[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2005.
[14]王雪.无线传感网络测量系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2007.
[15]于海滨,曾鹏,梁韡.智能无线传感器网络系统[M].北京:科学出版社, 2006.
[16]李建中,高宏.无线传感器网络的研究进展,计算机研究与发展[J], 2008, 45(1): 1-15.
[17]Heinzelman WR. Adaptive protocols for information in wireless sensors[C]. In:KodeshH, ed. Proceedi -ngs for the 5th ACM/IEEE MobiCom.New York:ACM Press, 1999. 174-185.
[18]COUGAR Project[P]. http://www.cs.cornell.edu/database/cougar/andex.html, 2009-10-15.
[19]周逸.无线传感网[EB/OL]. http://miit.ccidnet.com/art/32687/20100305/2006963_1.html, 2010-03-05.
[20]ZigBee Alliance. ZigBee Specification, Version 1.0[S]. http://www.zigbee.org, 2009-10-15.
[21]SensoNet Project[P]. http://research.cens.ucla.edu/, 2009-9-25.
[22]Wireless Networking Laboratiry[EB/OL]. http://www.ece.gatech.edu/research/labs/bwn/. 2209-9-27.
[23]AkyidizLF, Su W, SankaraubramaniamY, Cayirci E. Wireless Sensor Networks, A Survey. Computer Neworks[J], 2002, 38(4): 307-313.
[24]Stankovic J A, Abdelzaher F, Lu C Y, et al. Real-time Comminication and Coordination in Embedded Sensor Networks[A], Processing of the IEEE’03, 2003: 1002-1022.
[25]Crossbow. http://www.xbow.com.cn/wsn/homepage/default.html.
[27]线传感器网络在矿山环境监测中的应用研究[D][硕士学位论文],赣州:江西): 41-44.
[30]阎毓杰,胡富平等.无线传感器网络理论与应用[M].北京:机械航天航空大学出版社, 52-153.
[33]胜飞.传感器网络及其数据管理的概念问题与进展,软件学报[J], 2003,
[37] .环境介质无线传感器小型网络的研制[D][硕士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学,
[39]爽,唐洪,李婷,等译.无线传感器网络协议与体系结
[40] ,等编著. PIC单片机与ZigBee无线网络实战[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出
[41]倪天龙.单总线传感器DHT11在温湿度测控中的应用,单片机与嵌入式系统应用[J], 2010, (6):
[42]http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/1180926.
[26]TinyOS. http://www.tinyos.net/scoop/specia/hardware/.李百明. ZigBee无理工大学, 2009.
[28]杜晓明,陈岩.无线传感器网络研究现状与应用,北京工商大学学报[J], 2008, 26(1
[29]李善仓,张克旺.无线传感器网络原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2008.王殊, 2007.
[31]张学荣,袁国良. ZigBee技术在精准农业中的应用,研究信息技术[J], 2009, (8): 1
[32]李艳芳.矿井无线传感模块的设计[D][硕士学位论文],北京:北京交通大学, 2008.李建中,李金宝,石14(10): 1717-1727.
[34]http://www.laogu.com/wz_59182.htm.
[35]上海微机所.无线传感网研究成果[EB/OL]. http://www.sim.ac.cn/, 2010-07-05.
[36]中科院沈阳自动化所.工业无线网络WIA[S]. http://www.industrialwireless.cn/, 2009-10-11.蔡玉婷2009..
[38]http://www.c51rf.com/. Holger Karl, Andreas Willing著,邱天构[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2007.李文仲,段朝玉版社, 2007. 60-62.
[2]孙利民,李建中,陈渝等.无线传感器网络[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2005.
[3]高守玮,吴灿阳等. ZigBee技术实践教程[M].北京:北京航空航天出版社, 2009.
[4]马琦.基于无线传感器网络的温室温湿度监测系统研究[D][硕士学位论文],太原:中北大学, 2009.
[5]潘大宇. ZigBee技术在农业自动化监控系统中的研究和应用[D][硕士学位论文],曲阜:曲阜师范大学, 2009.
[6]刘建.无线传感器网络的特点[EB/OL]. http://net.chinaunix.net/3/2009/01/19/1358272.shtml, 2009-01-19.
[7]陈学川.基于ZigBee技术的无线粮情监测系统平台的设计与实现[D][硕士学位论文],北京:北京邮电大学, 2009.
[8]杨佑禄.无线传感器网络环境监测系统节点设计与实现[D][硕士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学, 2009.
[9] Jordi Casademont, Elena Lopez-Aguilera, Josep Paradells. Wireless technology applied to GIS [J]. Computers & Geosciences, 2004, 30: 671-682.
[10]Christopher R. Palmer, J. Gregory Steffan. Generating network topologies that obey power law[C]. Proc. of the IEEE GLOBECOM, 2000, 12: 434-438.
[11]马骏.基于ZigBee技术的嵌入式监控系统设计与实现[D][硕士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学, 2009.
[12]Alan Mainwaring, Joseph Polastre. Wireless Sensor Networks for Habitat Monitoring[C]. WSNA’02, 2002, 30: 579-589.
[13]孙利民,李建中,陈渝等.无线传感器网络[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2005.
[14]王雪.无线传感网络测量系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2007.
[15]于海滨,曾鹏,梁韡.智能无线传感器网络系统[M].北京:科学出版社, 2006.
[16]李建中,高宏.无线传感器网络的研究进展,计算机研究与发展[J], 2008, 45(1): 1-15.
[17]Heinzelman WR. Adaptive protocols for information in wireless sensors[C]. In:KodeshH, ed. Proceedi -ngs for the 5th ACM/IEEE MobiCom.New York:ACM Press, 1999. 174-185.
[18]COUGAR Project[P]. http://www.cs.cornell.edu/database/cougar/andex.html, 2009-10-15.
[19]周逸.无线传感网[EB/OL]. http://miit.ccidnet.com/art/32687/20100305/2006963_1.html, 2010-03-05.
[20]ZigBee Alliance. ZigBee Specification, Version 1.0[S]. http://www.zigbee.org, 2009-10-15.
[21]SensoNet Project[P]. http://research.cens.ucla.edu/, 2009-9-25.
[22]Wireless Networking Laboratiry[EB/OL]. http://www.ece.gatech.edu/research/labs/bwn/. 2209-9-27.
[23]AkyidizLF, Su W, SankaraubramaniamY, Cayirci E. Wireless Sensor Networks, A Survey. Computer Neworks[J], 2002, 38(4): 307-313.
[24]Stankovic J A, Abdelzaher F, Lu C Y, et al. Real-time Comminication and Coordination in Embedded Sensor Networks[A], Processing of the IEEE’03, 2003: 1002-1022.
[25]Crossbow. http://www.xbow.com.cn/wsn/homepage/default.html.
[27]线传感器网络在矿山环境监测中的应用研究[D][硕士学位论文],赣州:江西): 41-44.
[30]阎毓杰,胡富平等.无线传感器网络理论与应用[M].北京:机械航天航空大学出版社, 52-153.
[33]胜飞.传感器网络及其数据管理的概念问题与进展,软件学报[J], 2003,
[37] .环境介质无线传感器小型网络的研制[D][硕士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学,
[39]爽,唐洪,李婷,等译.无线传感器网络协议与体系结
[40] ,等编著. PIC单片机与ZigBee无线网络实战[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出
[41]倪天龙.单总线传感器DHT11在温湿度测控中的应用,单片机与嵌入式系统应用[J], 2010, (6):
[42]http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/1180926.
[26]TinyOS. http://www.tinyos.net/scoop/specia/hardware/.李百明. ZigBee无理工大学, 2009.
[28]杜晓明,陈岩.无线传感器网络研究现状与应用,北京工商大学学报[J], 2008, 26(1
[29]李善仓,张克旺.无线传感器网络原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2008.王殊, 2007.
[31]张学荣,袁国良. ZigBee技术在精准农业中的应用,研究信息技术[J], 2009, (8): 1
[32]李艳芳.矿井无线传感模块的设计[D][硕士学位论文],北京:北京交通大学, 2008.李建中,李金宝,石14(10): 1717-1727.
[34]http://www.laogu.com/wz_59182.htm.
[35]上海微机所.无线传感网研究成果[EB/OL]. http://www.sim.ac.cn/, 2010-07-05.
[36]中科院沈阳自动化所.工业无线网络WIA[S]. http://www.industrialwireless.cn/, 2009-10-11.蔡玉婷2009..
[38]http://www.c51rf.com/. Holger Karl, Andreas Willing著,邱天构[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2007.李文仲,段朝玉版社, 2007. 60-62.